HAWASSA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER

ENGINEERING COMPUTER STREAM

INTERNSHIP PROJECT

LOCAL AREA NETWORK DESGIN

PREPARD BY:

1. DAGIM CHERINET Tech/0482/10

2. ENDASHAW NIGATU Tech/0621/10

3. METSNANAT HIGISO Tech/1514/11

4. SHUMYE REDA Tech/

Mentor: Mr. Asnake

Submittion-date:

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3

1.1 Background of the project......................................................................................................3

1.1.1 Local Area Network........................................................................................................3

1.1.2 Wide Area Network.........................................................................................................3

1.2 Network topology..................................................................................................................3

1.2.1 Physical topology............................................................................................................4

1.2.2 Star Topology..................................................................................................................5

1.3 Statement of problem.............................................................................................................6

1.4 Objective of the project..........................................................................................................6

1.4.1 General Objective............................................................................................................6

1.4.2 Specific objective............................................................................................................6

1.5 Material requirements............................................................................................................7

1.5.1 Hardware Requirement....................................................................................................7

1.5.2 Software Requirement...................................................................................................10

1.6 Budget..................................................................................................................................10

1.7 IP address schema................................................................................................................11

1.8 Network diagram..................................................................................................................12

1.9 Router configuration............................................................................................................12

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 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the project
Currently the way we think and we live is being shaped by technology. As the advancements in
technology are spreading rapidly and widely, those who could take advantage of these
advancements are making their life better and easy.

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as
printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a
network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
beams.
Types of computer network
 PAN(PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)
 MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)
 LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
 WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)
Two very common types of networks include:
 Local Area Network(LAN)
 Wide Area Network(WAN)
1.1.1 Local Area Network
 A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area.
It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building.
 Computers connected to a network are broadly categorized as servers or workstations.
Servers are generally not used by humans directly, but rather run continuously to
provide "services" to the other computers (and their human users) on the network.
Services provided can include printing and faxing, software hosting, file storage and
sharing, messaging, data storage and retrieval, complete access control (security) for
the network's resources, and many others.

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 1.1.2 Wide Area Network
 Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect networks in larger geographic areas, such as
Florida, the United States, or the world. Dedicated transoceanic cabling or satellite
uplinks may be used to connect this type of global network.

1.2 Network topology

Topology is derived from two Greek words topo and logy, where topo means 'place' and logy
means 'study'. In computer networks, a topology is used to explain how a network is physically
connected and the logical flow of information in the network. A topology mainly describes how
devices are connected and interact with each other using communication links.
In computer networks, there are mainly two types of topologies, they are:

 Physical Topology: A physical topology describes the way in which the computers or
nodes are connected with each other in a computer network. It is the arrangement of
various elements(link, nodes, etc.), including the device location and code installation of
a computer network. In other words, we can say that it is the physical layout of nodes,
workstations, and cables in the network.

 Logical Topology: A logical topology describes the way, data flow from one computer
to another. It is bound to a network protocol and defines how data is moved throughout
the network and which path it takes. In other words, it is the way in which the devices
communicate internally.

 Network topology defines the layout, virtual shape, or structure of the network, not only
physically but also logically. A network can have one physical topology and multiple
logical topologies at the same time.

1.2.1 Physical topology

In a computer network, there are mainly six types of physical topology, they are:

 Bus Topology

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  Ring Topology

 Star Topology

 Mesh Topology

 Tree Topology
 Hybrid Topology

1.2.2 Star Topology

Star topology is a computer network topology in which all the nodes are connected to a
centralized hub. The hub or switch acts as a middleware between the nodes. Any node requesting
for service or providing service, first contact the hub for communication.

The central device (hub or switch) has point to point communication link(the dedicated link
between the devices which can not be accessed by some other computer) with the devices. The
central device then broadcast or unicast the message based on the central device used. The hub
broadcasts the message, while the switch unicasts the messages by maintaining a switch table.
Broadcasting increases unnecessary data traffic in the network.

In a star topology, hub and switch act as a server, and the other connected devices act as clients.
Only one input-output port and one cable are required to connect a node to the central device.
This topology is better in terms of security because the data does not pass through every node.

For Example High-Speed LAN, etc.

 For our project we used start topology because of the following reasons:
ADVANTAGES OF STAR NETWORK
1 Isolation of devices: each device is isolated by the link that connects it to the switch.
By so doing it makes the isolation of the individual devices simple. This isolation nature
also prevents any non centralized failure from affecting the network. In a star network, a
cable failure will isolate the workstation that it links to the central computer, but only that
workstation will be isolated. All the other workstations will continue to function
normally, except that they will not be able to communicate with the isolated workstation.

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 2 Simplicity: The topology is easy to understand, establish, and navigate. The simple
topology obviates the need for complex routing or message passing protocols. As noted
earlier, the isolation and centralization simplifies fault detection, as each link or device
can be probed individually .Due to its centralized nature, the topology offers simplicity of
operation.
3 If any cable is not working then the whole network will not be affected: in a star
topology, each network device has a home run of cabling back to a network switch,
giving each device a separate connection to the network. If there is a problem with a
cable, it will generally not affect the rest of the network. The most common cable media
in use for star topologies is unshielded twisted pair copper cabling. If small numbers of
devices are utilized in this topology the data rate will be high.

4 You can easily add new computers or devices to the network without interrupting
other nodes: The star network topology works well when computers are at scattered
points. It is easy to add or remove computers. New devices or nodes can easily be added
to the Star Network by just extending a cable from the hub. If the hub adds a device for
example a printer or a fax machine, all the other computers on the network can access the
new device by simply accessing the switch. The device need not be installed on all the
computers in the network. The central function is cost effective and easier to maintain. If
the computers are reasonably close to the vertices of a convex polygon and the system
requirements are modest. And also when one computer falls short then it won’t affect the
whole communication.
5 Centralization: the star topologies ease the chance of a network failure by linking all
of the computers to a central node. All computers may therefore communicate with all
others by transmitting to and receiving from the central node only. Benefits from
centralization: As the central hub is the bottleneck, increasing capacity of the central hub
or adding additional devices to the star, can help scale the network very easily. The
central nature also allows the check up of traffic through the network. This helps evaluate
all the traffic in the network and establish apprehensive behavior
(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-network-
topologies.html).
6 Easy to troubleshoot: in a star network the whole network is reliant on the switch so if
the entire network is not working then there could be a problem with the hub. This
feature makes it easy to troubleshoot by offering a single point for error connection ad at
the same time the dependency is also very high on that single point.
7 Better performance: star network prevents unnecessary passing of the data packet
through nodes. At most 3 devices and 2 links are involved in any communication
between any two devices which are part of this topology. This topology encourage a huge
overhead on the central hub, however if the central hub has plenty of capacity, then very
high network used by one device in the network does not affect the other devices in the
network. Data Packets are sent quickly as they do not have to travel through any
unnecessary. The big advantage of the star network is that it is fast. This is because each
computer terminal is attached directly to the central computer
8 EASY INSTALLATION: Installation is simple, inexpensive, and fast because of the
flexible cable and the modular connector.

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Following are the disadvantages of Star topology:

1. If the central device fails, the network will fail.

2. The number of devices in the network is limited (due to limited input-output port in a
central device).

1.3 Statement of problem

Designing a LAN network for a single organization which has 50 users they are under single
domain

A proposal has to be developed for a LAN of an organization. The LAN network has 50 users.
There is an ADSL Internet access for all users. The users should belong to one single domain.

Dynamic IP addresses for all the users should be available. A server should be available for
sharing and storing files along with necessary antivirus solutions

Buy the proposal report which contains the details related to the appropriate software and
hardware products, IP address schema, required services and features, network diagram and
explanation on the integration plan to achieve the solution.

Report Contents
1. Requirement
2. Network diagram
3. Network Integration plan
4. IP address schema
5. Services and features
6. Software and Hardware

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 1.4 Objective of the project
1.4.1 General Objective
The main goal of this project is to present a Local Area Network design suitable for an
organization.
1.4.2 Specific objective
Our specific objectives regarding to our project is that:
 To configure routers
 To connect routers with routers serially
 To connect switches with routers using Ethernet cables

1.5 Material requirements

1.5.1 Hardware Requirement
Network devices for our network installation

Router

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers
perform the traffic directing functions on the internet. Data sent through the internet such that a
web page or email is in the form of data packets. Routers by nature are one port. We usually ran
out of available ports and some extra ports are required to make a connection. We will have to
add some modules that provide required ports because of this reason we used three cisco 2811
Modular Access Router to provide a flexible LAN and WAN configurations, multiple security
options, voice and data integration and range of high-performance processors.

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 Fig 1 2811 cisco router

Switch

Switches are the connectivity points of on Ethernet network these are small devices that can
receive data from multiple input ports and send it to the specific output port that takes data to its
intended destination in the network.

Fig2 2950 cisco switch

Other devices for network installations

PATCH PANEL
patch panel is a piece of hardware with multiple ports that helps organize a group of cables. Each
of these ports contain a wire that goes to different location.
Some of the most significant benefits of using patch panels include:

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  Scalability-after installing a patch panel, we can easily add new devices without having
to run new cables end- to- end.
 Reduce cable clutter-patch panels are typically located closer to the actual equipment.
This makes it possible to use a shorter patch cable.
 Inexpensive- patch panels aren’t considered “smart” devices in that they don’t perform
any function other than facilitating the passing of data. This means they are very
inexpensive.
 Lowering cable cost -having a patch panel allows we to use shorter cables, which cost
less than longer ones.
 Easier maintenance - if we ever need to run a test cable, test a port ,or perform any other
common maintenance tasks, it can be done more quickly and it much easier than if each
device had a cable run to its final destination.

fig 3 patch panel

FIREWALL
Firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network
traffic based on an organization’s previously security policies. A firewall is essentially the barrier
that sits between a private internal network and the public internet. A firewall’s main purpose is
to allow non threating traffic in and to keep dangerous traffic out.

Fig 4 firewall
SERVER-
A server is a computer or a system that provides resources, data, services or programs to other
computers ,known as clients, over a network.

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 Fig5 server
RACK

A network rack is a metal frame chassis that holds, stack,organizes,secures and protects various
computer network and server hardware devices.

fig6 rack

RJ45-(REGISTER JACK)

Is considered the most common twisted-pair connector for ethernet cables and networks.

“RJ” means registered jack – a standardized telecommunication network interface for

connecting voice and data equipment to a service provided by a local exchange carrier or long
distance carrier. “45” is the number of interface standard.

 RJ45 (telecommunications), a standard for a physical interface between customer wiring and
telephone company wiring.
 RJ45 (computers), a commonly-used name for the 8P8C modular connector used in Ethernet and
other data links.

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 Fig7 rj45

power supply- depends on the power usage of routers ,switch and server we set up it around
rack.

TRUNK -Trunks are single channels of communication that allow multiple entities to
communicate with each other at the same end. In this case, two nodes are connected by a “link”
that carries many signals at the same time, resulting in more efficient network connections.

.used to hide the ethernet cables by align them with wall

fig8 trunk

WALL OUTLET we use duplex outlet for the organization in order to consume space . we
need almost 25 and above duplex outlet because we have 50 user.

fig9 duplex outlet

TOOLS- we used during our network installation

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Crimper

A crimping tool is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one or both of
them to hold each other. The result of the tool's work is called a crimp. An example of crimping
is affixing a connector to the end of a cable. For instance, network cables and phone cables are
created using a crimping tool (shown below) to join RJ-45 and RJ-11 connectors.

Network cable tester-A cable tester can test whether a cable or wire is set up properly,
connected correctly, and the communication strength between the source and destination.

Puncher- Are tools used to punch the patch panel and wall outlet with network cables.

Screw-a short ,slender, sharp pointed metal pin with a raised helical thread running round it and
a slotted head, used to join things together . in our case join trunket, rack with the wall to be
fixed in position.

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Screw Driver – a tool with a flattened or cross-shaped tip that fits into the head of a screw to
turn in.

Fishers

Drill -handheld power drills can perform a variety of tasks. The most common are drilling holes
and driving screw.

TYPES OF CABLE NEEDED

 Straight through cable: Straight-through cable is a type of CAT5 with RJ-45 connectors at
each end, and each has the same pin out. It is in accordance with either the T568A or T568B
standards. It uses the same color code throughout the LAN for consistency. This type of twisted-
pair cable is used in LAN to connect a computer or a network hub such as a router. It is one of
the most common types of network cable.

Used to connect switches with router and to connect hosts with switches.

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 Figure Straight-Though cable color coding.

Cross over cable: - A Crossover cable is a type of CAT 5 where one end isT568A configuration
and the other end as T568BConfiguration. In this type of cable connection, Pin 1 is crossed with
Pin 3, and Pin 2 is crossed with Pin 6.

Crossover cable is used to connect two or more computing devices. The internal wiring of
crossover cables reverses the transmission and receive signals. It is widely used to connect two
devices of the same type: e.g., two computers or two switches to each other.

 Used to connect three switch within the LAN

Figure 4 Crossover cable color coding.

Software Requirement
Cisco packet tracer-is Cisco's simulation software. It can be used to create complicated
network typologies, as well as to test and simulate abstract networking concepts. It acts as a
playground for you to explore networking and the experience is very close to what you see
in computer networks.

EDRAW max- for designing and to show topology. EdrawMax is an all-in-one

diagram software that makes it simple to create professional-looking flowcharts,
organizational charts, network diagrams, business presentations, building plans,
mind maps, science illustration, genogram, UML diagrams, workflows, program

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 structures, web design diagrams, electrical engineering diagrams, directional maps,
database diagrams and more.

Budget

#No Device name Description Quantity Current price each

in dollar
1 router 2811 cisco 1 $349.99

2 switch 2950 3 $199.99

3 Patch panel 3

4 firewall 1

5 Wall outlet 30(duplex)

6 trunk Depends on the lan

7 Screw

8 fisher

8 rack 1

1.7 IP address schema

Network Device Interface IP address Subnet-mask Default
Type gate-way
FAE 0/0 192.160.0.1 255.255.255.192 -
LAN of an Router 1 Serial 0/0 193.160.0.1 255.255.255.0 -
organization

Logical Requir Network Decimal First Valid Last Valid Broadcast Allocate
Net Name ed size Id Subnet Mask Host Host Address d size

Network1 50 192.160.0.0 255.255.255.192 192.160.0.1 192.160.0.62 192.160.0.63 62/26

Table2 hosts IP address

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 Network diagram in edraw

 show topology of the network

 show the device used in our project

Floor plan of the network in the organization

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 1.8 Network diagram

Fig3 network diagram

1.9 Router configuration

Router FastEthernet0/0 port configuration

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.160.0.1 255.255.255.192
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip dhcp pool network-1
Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.160.0.0 255.255.255.192
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.160.0.1
Router(dhcp-config)#end

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Router Serial port configuration

Router#
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface Serial0/3/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 193.160.0.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router Routing Protocol using RIP version-2 configuration

Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
Router(config-router)#network 193.160.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.160.0.0
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary

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