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2 Motion Along A Straight Line

This document provides an overview of a physics course covering mechanics. The course is divided into units on mechanics, including motion along a straight line, motion in two or three dimensions. Unit 1 focuses on kinematics, introducing concepts like velocity and acceleration and how they describe motion. It discusses displacement, time, average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration. Later sections cover motion with constant acceleration, freely falling bodies, and using integration to solve for velocity and position. The goal is for students to learn fundamental physics concepts and how to set up and solve related problems.

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Daniel Ramsés Barrientos Hernández
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16 views

2 Motion Along A Straight Line

This document provides an overview of a physics course covering mechanics. The course is divided into units on mechanics, including motion along a straight line, motion in two or three dimensions. Unit 1 focuses on kinematics, introducing concepts like velocity and acceleration and how they describe motion. It discusses displacement, time, average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration. Later sections cover motion with constant acceleration, freely falling bodies, and using integration to solve for velocity and position. The goal is for students to learn fundamental physics concepts and how to set up and solve related problems.

Uploaded by

Daniel Ramsés Barrientos Hernández
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics I

Rodolfo MORALES, Ph.D.


Physics I
Contents
Unit I – Mechanics
 1.1 Units, Physical Quantities and Vectors
 1.2 Motion Along a Straight Line
 1.3 Motion in Two or Three Dimensions
Unit I – Mechanics
1.2 Motion Along a Straight Line
Motion Along a Straight Line

 We are beginning our study of physics


with mechanics, the study of the
relationships among force, matter, and
motion.
 We are entering into kinematics, the
part of mechanics that enables us to
describe motion.
Motion Along a Straight Line

 To describe this motion, we introduce


the physical quantities velocity and
acceleration. In physics these quantities
have definitions that are more precise
and slightly different from the ones
used in everyday language.
 Both velocity and acceleration are
vectors.
2.1 Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity
2.1 Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity
2.1 Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity
Solving Physics Problems

 IDENTIFY the relevant concepts.


Identify the target variables of the
problem
 SET UP the problem. choose the
equations that you’ll use to solve the
problem.
 EXECUTE the solution: This is where you
“do the math.”
 EVALUATE your answer: Compare your
answer with your estimates, and
reconsider things if there’s a
discrepancy.
2.1 Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity
2.1 Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity

 The average velocity of a particle


during a time interval can’t tell us how
fast, or in what direction, the particle
was moving at any given time during the
interval.

 Instantaneous velocity: the velocity at a


specific instant of time or specific point
along the path.
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity

 We use the term speed to denote


distance traveled divided by time, on
either an average or an instantaneous
basis.
 Instantaneous speed, for which we use
the symbol ν with no subscripts,
measures how fast a particle is moving;
instantaneous velocity measures how
fast and in what direction it’s moving.
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity

 Finding Velocity on an x-t Graph

 On a graph of position as a function of


time for straightline motion, the
instantaneous x-velocity at any point is
equal to the slope of the tangent to the
curve at that point.
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration

 Velocity describes how a body’s position changes with


time; it tells us how fast and in what direction the body
moves.
 Acceleration describes how the velocity changes with
time.
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration

 From now on, when we use the term “acceleration,” we


will always mean instantaneous acceleration, not
average acceleration.
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies

 In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle thought


(erroneously) that heavy bodies fall faster than
light bodies, in proportion to their weight.
Nineteen centuries later, Galileo argued that a
body should fall with a downward acceleration
that is constant and independent of its weight.
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies

 Experiment shows that if the effects of the air


can be neglected, Galileo is right; all bodies at
a particular location fall with the same
downward acceleration, regardless of their size
or weight. If in addition the distance of the fall
is small compared with the radius of the earth,
and if we ignore small effects due to the earth’s
rotation, the acceleration is constant. The
idealized motion that results under all of these
assumptions is called free fall.
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies

 Galileo Experiments
 https://youtu.be/E43-CfukEgs
 Misconceptions of Free Fall
 https://youtu.be/_mCC-68LyZM
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
Solving Problems
Solving Problems
Solving Problems
Solving Problems
Solving Problems
Solving Problems
Solving Problems
“Remember to look up at the stars
and not down at your feet. Try to
make sense of what you see and
wonder about what makes the
universe exist. Be curious. And
however difficult life may seem,
there is always something you can
do and succeed at.
It matters that you don't just give
up.”

― Stephen Hawking
Any Questions…?

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