LESSON 3: DRUG EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION

This lesson aims to educate students about illicit drug use in an effort to prevent illegal drug use while
highlighting the dangers of problematic substance use.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able;

 To understand what is drug education
 To identify different drugs of abuses and effects to human body.
 To know some preventive measures for drug abuses

PRE - TEST

Directions: Read the following statements below. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE
if the statement is wrong.

______ 1. All drugs are harmful.

______ 2. Drugs are chemical substances which change the way your body functions.
______ 3. Drugs change the way a person behaves and feels.
______ 4. hallucinogens are drugs which change what a person sees and hears.
______ 5. Depressants slow down the workings of the brain.
______ 6. Is alcohol a depressant?
______ 7. Paracetamol is a depressant.
______ 8. Cannabis is a drug which can cause mental illness.
______ 9. Is a heroin a pain killer?
______ 10. Caffeine is not a drug.

EXPLORING ACTIVIES:

Directions: Analyze the picture below and write your insight in one sentence on the space provided.

1. ______________________________________________________________________________.

2. ________________________________________________________________________________.
FIRMING UP

Dear students, what you did is assessing yourself on how you understand drug education. Now, in order for you
to fully grasp the said topic, be guided by the following questions:

1. What is drug education?

2. What are the common drug abuses?
3. What is Republic Act 9165?

DEEPENING DETAILS;

Drug abuse, or chemical dependency, is one of the major problems faced by every society in the world.
If it were possible to add up all the direct and indirect result of drug abuse, including car accidents, violent crime
and behavior, and the full range of health problems associated with the abuse of alcohol and other drugs, it might
be the major health problem in most countries today. If the economic and social effects of drug abuse are totaled,
including the economic cost of health care, job absenteeism and reduced functioning and effects on the family
and other social units, drug abuse can be considered one of the most serious social problems.

DRUG EDUCATION
It is the planned provision of information, resources and skills relevant to living in a world where
psychoactive substance are widely available and commonly used for a variety of both medical and non-medical
purposes, some of which may lead to harms such as overdose, injury and infectious disease.

The four strategic goals of drug education:

1. Identify the biological, environmental, behavioral and social causes and consequences of drug use and
addiction across the lifespan,
2. Develop new and improved strategies to prevent drug use and its consequences.
3. Develop new and improved treatments to help people with substance use disorders achieve and maintain a
meaningful and sustained recovery.
4. Increase the public health impact.

WHAT IS DRUG?

It is a chemical substance that brings about physical, emotional or behavioral change in a person taking it.

WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE?

Any non-medical use of drugs that cause physical, psychological, legal, economic or social damage to the
user or to the people affective by the user’s behavior.
Abuse usually refers to illegal drugs but may also applicable to drugs that are available legally, such as
prescribed medications and certain over the counter medications.

WHO IS A DRUG USER?

Drug user is another term for “drug addict,” which refers to an individual who is dependent on a certain drug
or drugs.

THE COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE.

1. Change in attendance at work or school.

2. Change from normal capabilities ( work habits,efficiency etc,.)
3. Poor physical appearance, including inattention to dress and personal hygiene.
4. Constant wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times (for instance, indoors or at night not only to hide
diluted or constricted pupils but also to compensate the eyes’ inability to adjust to sunlight). marijuana causes
bloodshot eyes.
5. Unusual effort made to cover arms in order to hide needle marks.
6. Association with known drug abusers
7. Stealing items that can be readily sold for cash ( to support a drug habit )
8. Change in mood, depending on the drug taken.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS AND THIER EFFECTS

1. Marijuana, cannabis Sativa is an annual plant that grows wild in many temperate parts of the world.

Effects of Marijuana
 Throat intoxication and coughing
 Increased heart beat and pulse rate
 Reddening of the eyes,dizziness, body in-coordination
 Sleepness and decreased physical activity
 Possible chronic bronchitis and asthma
 feeling of excitement and friendliness
 Distortion of time and space perception
 Disturbance to brainwave activity, causing impairment of skills leading to abnormal behavior.

2. Stimulants are drugs used to increased mental activity, relieve fatigue, increase alertness and offset drowsiness.

Kinds of Stimulants
Amphetamines, cocoine, shabu (methamphenamine, HCL)

Amphetamines cocaine shabu

Effects of Stimulants
 Feeling of being stronger, more decisive and self possessed
 Extended wakefulness and increased mental alertness
 May include irritably, anxiety and fear
 Loss of appetite resulting in decreased body weight
 Pregnant women who abused “shabu” can cause mental retardation to their unborn babies
 Loss of sexual desire and interest to their work
 “schizophrenia” or split personality, leading to violent behaviour
 Loss of memory by chronic users
 Chronic snorters from irritation of the nose leading to frequent nose bleeding
 Injecting “shabu” using dirty needles can lead to various infections such as Hepatitis B, blood poisoning
And AIDS.

3. Cough syrup are also called over the counter colds/cough preparations.

a. Ephedrine, pseudo - ephedrine, phenylephrine, and phenylpropanolamine for nasal decongestion

 b. Chlorophenamine maleate for allergic asthma, nocturnal cough
c. Dextromethorphan is cough suppressant; codeine has an antitussive effect.

Other short-term effects include:

 paranoia and confusion.

 excessive sweating.
 nausea and vomiting (large quantities of cough syrup almost always cause people to throw up)
 belly pain.
 irregular heartbeat and high blood pressure.
 restlessness.
 dry, itchy skin and facial redness.

4. Depressant ( Downers ), usually known as “downers” are drugs that act on the nervous system, promoting
relaxation and sleep.

a. Barbiturates
b. Methaqualone

Effects of Depressants
A usual dose of a barbituate causes calming, relaxing effect that promotes sleep. Other notable reactions are
given.
 Relief of anxiety and excitement
 Reduced mental and physical activity
 A marked decrease in breathing

Barbituates are used to reduced the frequency of convulsion in epileptics. An overdose of Barbituates produces
the following reactions;
 Unconsciousness and decrease in breathing
 Deepening unconsciousness leading to “coma”

5. Hallucinogens ( Psychedelics) are drugs that can produce changes in mood and behavior. They can produce
delusions and hallucinations. They induce a state of excitation of the central nervous system, shown by changes
in mood. Hallucinogens disorient the sense of direction, distance and time of a person. A user may speak of
“hearing” colors, “seeing” sounds.

Effects of Hallucinogens
 Increased heart beat and pulse rate
 Elevated or increased blood pressure
 Increase activity of the body due to the effect of the brain
 Enlarged or dilated pupils of the eyes
 Increased body temperature
 Paleness of the face and skin of the body

6. Narcotic - The term narcotic originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with sleep-inducing
properties, and euphoric properties as well. Its refer to opium, morphine, codeine, heroin and hydromorphone.

Opium morphine

Codeine heroin

Hydromorphone

Effects of Narcotics
 Reduced size of the pupils of the eyes and reduced vision
 Drowsiness and decreased physical activity
 Nausea, vomiting, and difficulty in breathing if taken in large dosage
 Tolerance which finally leads to drug dependence
 Induced “coma” with slow, shallow respiration
 Convulsions, followed by the stopping of breathing that can lead to death if overdosed.

7. Inhalants are volatile substance derived from ether or chloroform. It is inhalated through the nose to
experience intoxication. Recently, inhalation of different substances known as “glue sniffing” has become
popular among people in their early teens. These substance include the following:
 Quick-drying glue or plastic cement like “rugby”
 Paint remover and lacquer, such as “thinner” and “solvent”
 Gasoline and other gasoline based products
 Kerosene or commonly known as “gaas”
 Nail polish and cuticle remover
 Lighter fluid and dry cleaning fluid

Effects of Inhalants
 Unsteadiness and restlessness
 Drunkenness with depression leading to unconsciousness
 Irritably and highly agitated condition
 Initial excitement thereby losing emotional control
 Irritation of the throat and nasal passages. Sometimes inhalants contain toxic elements that are harmful to
the heart and can cause sudden death when inhaled.

8. Alcohol liquor, which is extracted from chemical compound as ethyl and hydrocarbon, is a dangerous
chemical substance that triggers the central nervous system and may damage vital human organs.

Effects of alcohol use:

 Gives a feeling of relaxation and loss of inhibitions
 A sense of excitement due to the release of inhibitions
 Disrupted motor activity, motor skills and coordination
 Deep intoxication that causes disturbance in bodily processes
 Dilated superficial blood vessels causing warm feeling
 Deep intoxication that can lead to “coma” and death
 Waning consciousness, causing mental dullness
 Loss of self - control resulting in violent behaviour.

9. Party drugs The term party (or club) drug refers to a variety of drugs found at dance clubs and house
parties. Party/Club drugs are sometimes referred to as “designer drugs”. The substances are typically produced
in illegal laboratories, using a variety of chemicals. It is extremely difficult to predict their strength, what their
effects will be and whether they contain poisonous ingredients. Therefore these drugs can pose serious risks to
young people’s health and safety. Drugs, such as Rohypnol, GHB and Ketamine, have also been called “date
rape drugs” because they have been used in situations of sexual assault. People can be sexually assaulted in this
way by a stranger as well as someone they know or are “dating”. The victim can be a male or female. Because
these drugs are colourless, tasteless and odourless, they can be added to drinks and used to intoxicate or sedate
others without their knowledge. When used together, or in combination with alcohol, all of these drugs pose
an even greater threat to health and safety.

Ecstacy Ketamine
 Rohypnol GHB

Effects of Party drugs

 Fatigue and perhaps depression after the drug is stopped
 Restlessness, anxiety and pronounced visual and auditory hallucination at large doses
 Nausea and vomiting
 A rise in blood pressure and heart rate
 Possibility of heat stroke due to hydration
 Death from heart attack when the user overdose
 Prolonged regular use can lead to high potential for neuro-toxicity, brain damage and liver damage.

Faces of Drug Addict:

THE REASONS BEHIND DRUG ABUSE.

The most common reason why drugs are abused are as follows;
 For relief from problems - personal, family, school, or work
 To experience its effect on the mind and body
 To ease depression, boredom, pain and misery
 Giving in to pressures from “peers” or other drug users
 For curiosity, due to misinformation from acquaintances
 For security feelings. With drugs they have self confidence.

THE PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR DRUG ABUSE.

Drug abuse must be avoided from the start before problems set in. There are several basic ways to do this.

a. Improvement in family relations. The parents and children must communicate with each other and strengthen
their ties to combat drug addiction;
b. Direct and sincere action on the part of the government to address the growing problems of drug abuse;
c. Clear noticeable reforms in the environment and economy to provide everyone with a bright future and good
life;
d. Strict enforcement of drugs laws against the violator and traffickers
e. Establishment of a dedicated judiciary so as to facilitate the delivery of aid to victims of drug abuse.
f. Complete “crackdown’ against drug pusher and syndicates

THE ROLES OF SCHOOL, COMMUNITY, AND PARENTS IN PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE.

SCHOOL

Every school must formulate a “ drug policy” designed to help students and all school personnel fight drug
abuse. Also the school can initiate “drug awareness” program and realistic prevention efforts that will benefits
the entire community. All students must take as active part in making this program success.

COMMUNITY

The community, as a whole must work toward eradicating the drug menace by;
- conducting an anti - drug campaign, cooperating with the authorities in the arrest of drug pusher;
- helping drug users get treatment from drug rehabilitation centers, dismantling the drug based network
existing in the community thru police action.
- planning a community action program involving young people, civic welfare,and religious organization in
tackling the drug problem.
- organizing worthwhile and constructive activities such as recreational, social and economic projects that will
serve as a positive alternative to drug abuse.

PARENTS

Parents must serve as a role model to their children through the following;
- if parents use medicines improperly and in large dosages, children will imitate this bad example. This should
be avoided.
- parents must teach their children not to use drugs indiscriminately so as to develop to their children the correct
drug attitude.
- parents should advice their children on their choice of friends and inculcate the basic knowledge about drug
abuse.
- if parents discover their son or daughter is into drugs, they must face the problem and seek professional help at
once.
- parent must create a happy family life and maintain an open communication between them and their children.

WHAT ARE SOME PIECES OF HELPFUL AND TIMELY ADVICE FOR THIS PROBLEM?

- Maintain good physical and mental health

- use drugs properly. Most drugs are beneficial when used under medical advice
- understand your own self. Accept and respect yourself for what you are.
- develop your potentials. Engage in wholesome, productive and fulfilling activities.
- learn to relate effectively with others. Have somebody to whom you can communicate your problems and others
stresses without the use of drugs.
- seek professional help if you feel cannot cope with your problems anymore.
- develop strong moral and spiritual foundation in life.

REPUBLIC ACT 9165

COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002
Signed June 7, 2002
Published June 19, 2002
Took effect July 4, 2002
Re - organization of the Philippines Drug Enforcement System
 The new Dangerous Drugs Board ( DDB ) as the policy and strategy formulating body.
 The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency ( PDEA ) as its implementing arm.

Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

- A regular law enforcement agency.
- Implementing arm of the DDB
- Responsible for efficient and effective law enforcement of all provisions on any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemicals.

WHY SHOULD WE AVIOD DANGEROUS DRUGS?

1. ILLEGAL - prohibited by law ( RA 9165 )

2. HEALTH - damages our brain and body
3. PSYCHO - SOCIAL - destroy one’s behavior and causes one to commit the crime
4. SPIRITUAL - against the will of God

COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002 ( RA 9165 )

ARTICLE IV
PARTICIPATION OF THE FAMILY, STUDENTS, TEACHERS AND SCHOOL
ENFORCEMENT OF RA 9165

ARTICLE IV

Section 42 - Student Council and Campus Organizations

All elementary, secondary and tertiary schools student council and campus organizations shall include in their
activities a program for the prevention of and deterrence in the use of dangerous drugs. And referral for treatment
and rehabilitation of students for drug dependence.

Section 43 - School Curricula

Provides that instruction on drug abuse prevention and control shall be integrated in the elementary,
secondary, and tertiary curricula of all public public and private schools, whether general technical, vocational
or agro - industrial as well as in non - formal, informal and indigenous learning system.

Section 44 - Heads, Supervisor and Teacher of School

All School heads, supervisors and teachers shall be deemed persons in authority if they are in school or within
its immediate vicinity or even beyond such immediate vicinity if they are in attendance at any school or class
function in their official capacity.

UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES

Section 5 - Sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution and transportation of dangerous
drugs and / or controlled precursors essentials chemicals.

PENALTIES: Life imprisonment to death and fine ranging from 500,000 to 10,000,000.

Section 11 - Position of Dangerous Drugs

PENALTIES: Life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from 500,000 to 10,000,000.

Section 12 - Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for dangerous Drugs

PENALTIES: Imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 4 yrs and a fine ranging from 10,000 to 50,000
Section 15 - Use of Dangerous Drugs

PENALTIES:
1st offense - minimum of 6 months, rehabilitation in a government center.
2nd offense - imprisonment ranging from 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 yrs and a fine ranging from 50,000
to 200,000. (not applicable if person tested is also found possessing any dangerous drug)

Section 16 - Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs or Are Sources Thereof

PENALTIES: Life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from 500,000 to 10,000,000.