T.

RAMA KRISHANA RAO (8839271225)

BBA 1 SEMESTER ST

BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
UNIT 4
DETAILED NOTES ,
PT. R.S.U LAST 10 YEAR QUESTION PAPER SOLVED ,

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 T.RAMA KRISHANA RAO (8839271225)

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CAT , MAT BANKING ,RAILWAY , MBA
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T.RAMA KRISHANA RAO
(8839271225)

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UNIT 4
Average
Ratio and Proportion
Percentages
Commission and Discount
Profit and Loss.
,

AVERAGE

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Meaning

The word measures means ‘methods’ and the word Central Tendency means ‘average value’ of any
statistical series. The , the combined term measures of central tendency means the methods of finding
out the central value or average value of a statistical series or any series of quantitative information.

Definitions

According to Croxton and Cowden, “An averages value is a single value within the range of the
data that is used to represent all the values in the series. Since an average is somewhere within the
range of the data, it is sometimes called a measure of central value.”

In the words of Clark, “Average is an attempt to find one single figure to describe whole of
figures.”

Characteristics

1. It is a single figure expressed in some quantitative form.

2. It lies between the extreme values of a series
3. It is a typical value that represents all the values of a series
4. It is capable of giving a central ideal about the series it represents
5. It is determined by some method or procedure.

Essentials of a Good Average

 It should have clear Definition – The definitions of an average should be clear and
unambiguous. It should be defined in the form of an algebraic formula, so that each
person calculating the average from a set of data, arrives at the same figure.
 It hold be simple to understand and easy to calculate – An average should be simple
so that everybody could able to understand without any dubious meaning. The method for
calculation of average should be such that everybody can calculate the same in an easier
way.
 It should be based on all the observations – Average is not representative unless the
entire data are taken for its calculation. So in order to make an average ideal it should be
based on all the items of the series.
 It should be suitable for further mathematical treatment – An ideal average should
possess some important mathematical property, so that it will be easier on the part of
person using the same for further mathematical or statistical analysis. By no way the use
of the average figure should be restricted for single purpose rather by that average can be
used for calculation of other statistical measures like dispersion, correlation, regression
and others.
 It should not be affected by extreme items – In a sample, there may be wide variation
of figures. The extreme items i.e., highest values and lowest values, are of much higher or
lower than other values. In such case, the average so calculated will be greatly influenced
by these extreme values and it cannot be treated as the true representative of the whole
distribution.

Series

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1. Individual Series
2. Discrete Series
3. Continues Series

Formula

Method Individual Series Discrete Series Continues Series

Direct method
X=
∑X X=
∑ FX X=
∑ Fm
N N N

EXERCISE A

(Individual Series and Discrete Series )

1. The number of ladies who saw the film 'Santoshi Maa' on Sunday in a cinema hall were as follows 80
ladies in Third class, 60 in Second class, 100 in First class, 40 in Dress circle, 50 in Balcony and 30 in
Box. Find the average number of ladies per class. ( Ans. 60)

2. The height of 7 buildings is 12 m, 13 m, 14 m, 15 m, 16 m, 17 m and 18 m. Find the average height of

the buildings. Ans. 15 metrel

3. 8 student roll number and there marks given find the average number of marks .

Roll no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
marks 25 4 8 78 85 96 32 52

4. In a class 80 students , there marks given find the average number of marks .

Number of student 12 10 18 5 15 10 8 2
Marks 25 4 8 78 85 96 32 52

5. A person buys 1,200 worth of shares in a company each month. During first 6 months he bought the
shares at a price of 10, 12, 15, 20, 24 and 30 per share. Find the average price of the shares bought during
the period (Ans. 16)

6.Visitors to a show were charged 7.30 each on the first day, 14.40 each on the second day and 5.00 each
on the third day. lf the total attendance on these days were in the ratio 1: 5: 12, find the average charges
per visitor for the three days taken together.

EXERCISE B

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(Continues Series)
1. Simple
2. Mismatch
3. Above or more then
4. Below and less then
5. Mixed
6. Missing value

1. From the following data relating to daily wages of certain workers in a factory compute the
average marks under direct and short-cut method.

Wages ` No. of workers:

0 – 10 7
10 – 20 8
20 – 30 9
30 – 40 12
40 – 50 16
50 – 60 6
60 – 70 2

2. From the following data relating to daily wages of certain workers in a factory compute the
average marks under direct and short-cut method.

Wages ` No. of workers:

5 – 10 17
10 – 15 4
15 – 20 11
20 – 25 14
25 – 30 4
30 – 35 2
35 – 40 4

3. From the data given below find the mean

X: 0–9 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59
F: 5 8 7 11 9 10

4. From the following data relating to marks in Statistics secured by a b.com 1 year Commerce
students, find out the mean marks:
Marks above: 0 10 20 30 40 50
No. of Students: 50 40 35 27 15 8

5. From the following data find out the value of the mean:
Marks above 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of students: 100 80 65 53 43 25 12

6. Calculate the average marks of the students from the following data;
Marks below; 1 20 30 40 5 60 70 80

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0 0
No. of Students: 1 35 60 84 9 127 19 250
5 6 8
[Ans: 50.4]

7. From the following data compute the average

Marks below: 100 80 60 40 20
No of students: 60 55 40 35 5
[Ans: 45]

8. From the following frequency distribution, find the value of the mean:
Marks No. of Students
Less than 10 5
Less than 20 20
10 – 30 35
30 and above 60
40 – 50 10
50 and above 25
60 and above 9

9. From the following frequency distribution, find the value of the mean:
Marks No. of Students
Less than 5 7
Less than 10 20
5 – 15 38
15 and above 55
20 – 25 20
25 and above 5
30 and above 1

10. Find the missing frequencies of the following series, if the arithmetic average is 29.75
Wages ` 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
No. of 25 ? 45 40 25 30
workers:
[Ans: 35,]

11. Find the missing frequencies of the following series, if the arithmetic average is 29.75 and the
total number of items is 200:
Wages ` 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
No. of 25 ? 45 ? 25 30
workers:
[Ans: 35, 40]

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Weighted Average
Weighted average is a calculation that takes into account the varying degrees of importance of
the numbers in a data set. In calculating a weighted average, each number in the data set is
multiplied by a predetermined weight before the final calculation is made.

Illustration 1
Person carpets the three rooms of his house as follows : by The 15 by 20 metre room with
carpeting costing 30 per square metre the 12 by 15 metre room with carpeting costing 18
per square metre and the l5 by 15 metre room with carpeting costing 12 per square metre.
Find the average price that he pays for a square metre of carpeting .

Solution

Area of the first room = 15 x 20 300 square metre

Area of the second room = 12 x 15 = 180 square metre
Area of the third room = 15 x 15 = 225 square metre
The rates of carpeting the three rooms are decided according to their importance. That is
weights are assigned to each room in terms of rate per square:
Area rate of carpeting expenditure
300 30 9000
180 18 3,240
225 12 2,700
705   14,940
average = 14,940 / 705 =7 21.19
Illustration 2
If one-third distance of a certain journey was travelled with a speed of 25 for kilometer per
hour, one-fourth distance with a speed of 30 kilometer per hour and the remaining distance
with 50 kilometer per hour, find the average speed for the
Average speed = total distance / total speed

Distance travelled Speed, km per hour time

1/3 25 1/75
¼ 30 1/120
5/12 50 1/120
1   3/100

Average speed = total distance / total speed

= 1 / ( 3/ 100 ) = 33.33 kilometer

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Exercise C
1. An airplane flies around a square whose side is 100 mile long. taking the first side @ 100
mile per hour, the second side @ 200 mile per hour, the third side @ 300 miles per hour
and the four side @ 400 mile per hour, what is the average speed of the airplane? (Ans.
192 m.p.h.)

2. A takes a trip which entails travelling 900 mile by train at 60 m.p.h., 300 mile by boat at
25 m.p.h., 400 mile by plane at 350 m.p.h. and 15 mile by taxi at 25 m.p.h. What is the
average for the entire journey? (Ans. 56.18 m.p.h.)

3. A man spends 100 on screws costing 40 paise per dozen and 50 on screws costing 50
paise per dozen, what is the average cost per dozen? (Ans. 43 paise per dozen)

4. Aman buys a certain commodity from two shops. He pays7 5 for 2 kg at one shop and 7
for 3 kg at the other shop. Find the average price of the commodity? (Ans. 2.40 per kg

5. Calculate (a) the unweighted average of the price in column III weighted and (b) the
weighted average by weighting each price by the quantity consumed:

Articles of Quantity Price per

Food consumed(in'5 kg) 5 kg
Flour 11.5 5.8
Ghee 5.6 58.4
Sugar 0.28 8.2
Potato 0.16 2.5
Oil 0.35 2
(Ans. 18.98, 22.55)

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COMBINED AVERAGE
“ the number of items and their averages are given 1or 2 Or more groups.”

illustration 1

A person bought 40 tables at an average price of 88 per table. He bought Smilar 20 tables at an average
price of 106 per table. Find the average price of all the tables.
Solution
The average price of 40 tables
the average price of each table = 88
Total price of 40 tables = 88 X 40 = 3,520

The average price of 20 tables

the average price of each table) = 106
Than Total price of 20 tables = 106 x 20 = 2,120

Total price of 60 tables = 3,520 + 2,120 = 5,640

Average price per table = 5640 / 60 =94

Illustration 2
A trader purchased some television sets. The average price per set was 12,500. The average price of type
A 20 sets was 7,750 and that of the remaining type B was 15,000.Find the total number of television sets
purchased.
Total television set = X
Each cost = 12500
Total cost = 12500 * x = 12500x

Type A = 20
Each cost = 7750
Total cost = 20* 7750 = 155000

Type B = x -20
Each cost = 15000
Total cost = ( x – 20 ) * 15000
= 15000x - 300000

Total cost = type A cost + type B cost

12500x = 155000 + 15000x – 300000

300000 -155000 = 15000x - 12500x

145000 = 2500x
145000 / 2500 = x
X = 58 ,A =20 , B = 58-20 = 38

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Illustration 3
The average cost of 20 cows 1,600. Out of these the average cost of 10 cows is 1,850 and 6 haryana cows
is 1,550. Find the average cost of remaining cows.

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illustration 4
The average salary per head of the entire staff of an office, including the officer clerk, 900. The average
salary of the officers is 6000 and that of the an clerks is 840. if the number of officers is 12, find the
number of clerks in the office.

Total staff = x
Total salary = 900 x

Total officers = 12
Total salary of officers = 12 * 6000 = 72000

Total clerk = x – 12
Total salary of clerk = ( x- 12 ) * 840 = 840x - 10080

Total salary = Total salary of officers + Total salary of clerk

900x = 72000 + 840x – 10080
900x – 840 x = 72000 – 10080
60x = 61920
X=61920/60 =1032

Illustration 5
Average age of women and children workers employed in a factory was l5 years.The average of 16
children was 8 years and the average age of remaining women workers was 22 years, 1f there are 10
married women amongst women workers, find the number of the unmarried women workers. Also find
out the number of totalworkers.

Illustration 6
A trader purchased some bicycles. The average price per bicycle was 190 the average price of 10 bicycles
was 175 and that of remaining it was 200 Find the number of bicycles purchased.

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Illustration 7
50 candidates appeared in an examination conducted by public Service Commission for the post of
Deputy Collector. They secured an average to 47 marks each. The average marks obtained by successful
candidates were 74 whereas the average marks obtained by unsuccessful candidates were 44. What
percent of candidates were successful for the post of Deputy Collector?

Total candidates = 50
Average marks = 47
Total marks = 50 * 47 = 2350

Successful = x = 5
average marks obtained by successful = 74 * x = 74x

unSuccessful = 50 – x= 45
average marks obtained by unsuccessful = (50 –x ) * 44 = 2200 – 44x

2350 = 74x + 2200 -44x

2350 -2200 = 30x

150 = 30x

X= 150 / 30 = 5 ans

Illustration 8
The average monthly expenditure of a person for the first five months is 120 and for the next four months
is 80. If he has saved 25 during the period of nine

Illustration 9
average salary of all workers of a company was 3,000. The average salary male workers was ,3200 and
that of female workers was 2,200. Find the percentage of male and female workers in the company.

EXERCISE D
A dealer purchased 30 television sets at an average price of 2,580. He purchased the same type 15 sets
more at an average price of F 3,540. Caleulate the average price of all sets. Ans.2,900

the average salary of all the employees in a factory is 195 per head. The average salary of 20 employees is
620 and that of the remaining ones is 190 per head. Find out the total number of employees Ans. 1,720

The combined average monthly income of teaching and non-teaching staff of an institution is 2,344. If the
average monthly income of teaching and non-teaching staff respectively be 2,865 and 1,302 and the
number of non-teaching staff be 14, find the number of teaching staff . Ans. 28

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NUMBER BASED PROBLEM

Illustration 1
The average of 15 numbers is 15 and the average of the first 8 number is 8, Find out the average
of the last 7 numbers.

Solution
Average of 15 numbers= 15
Total of 15 numbers= 15x 15= 225
Again Average of first 8 numbers =8
Total of first 8 numbers= 8x8 = 64
Total of last 7 number = 225- 64 = 161
Average of last 7 numbers= 161/7 =23

illustration 2
Average of 5 figures is 6. Out of these the average of 3 figures is 4. Find the average of the
remaining two figures.
Solution
Total of 5 numbers = 5 x6=30
Total of 3 numbers = 3 x4 = 12
Total of rest 2 numbers 30- 12 = 18
Average of rest 2 numbers = 18/2 =9

EXERCISE E
1. The average of three numbers is 14 and of the first two is 8. Find the third number. Ans.
26)

2. The average of three numbers is twice the fourth. If the average of these four numbers is 28,
find fourth number. Ans. 16

3. The average of 21 figures is 21. The average becomes 22 when one more figure is added. Find
that figure. Ans. 43

4. Average of 9 figures is 301. Average of first 5 figures is 163 and average of last 5 figures is
430. Find the value of 5th figure. Ans. 256

5. Of the four numbers the average of the first three is 30 and of the last three is 32. If the last
number is 38, find the first number. Ans. 32

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MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS

Illustration 1
35 gamblers sat together for gambling. Out of them 10 gamblers lost on the average 12.50
whereas another5 gamblers won 20 each. Is this information correct

Solution
The amount of gamblers who lost = 10 x 12.50 = 125 ...(1)
The amount of gamblers who won= 5 x 20 = 100 ..(2)
Since the amount of loss and gain are not equal, this information is not correct.

Illustration 2
In a class of 40 students the average age is 16 years. 5 students of average age of 14.8 years
left the class and 3 new students of 24, 17.5 and 19.5 years respectively were admitted. Find
the average age of the class.

Solution
Total age of 40 students = 40 x 16 = 640 years
Total age of 3 new students admitted = 24+ 17.5 + 19.5 = 61 years
Total age of 5 students who left the class = 14.8 x 5 = 74years
Present total age = 640 - 74 + 61 = 627
Present number of students = 40-5 +3 = 388
Present average age of the class = 627/ 38 = 16.5 years

Illustration 3
The average age of 6 children is 7 years. If their father's age is taken into account the
average age increases by 5 years. Find out father's age.

Solution
Average age of 6 children = 7 years
Total age of 6 children = 6 x 7 = 42 years
Number of persons including father = 6 + 1 = 7
Average age of 7 persons = 7 + 5 = 12 years
Total age of 7 persons = 7 x 12 = 84 years
Father's age = 84 - 42= 42 years

Illustration 4
The average age of the class was 15 years. When 5 boys whose average age was 12.5 years
were admitted, the class average was reduced by 0.5 year. How many boys were there
previously?

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Solution
Let the no. of students previously be n …(1)
Total age = n x 15 = 15 n
Then No. of students = n +5
Now average age = 15 - 0.5 = 14.5 ..(2)
Total age = (n + 5) x 14.5 = 14.5 (n + 5) ...(3)
The total age of 5 new boys = 5 x 12.5 = 62.5
From (1), (2) and (3),
14.5 (n +5) - 62.5 = 15n
14.5n + 72.5 - 62.5 = 15n
15n-14.5n = 10
0.5n =10
N = 10/0.5
N = 20

Illustration 5
The average price of a chair, a table and a bench is 210. If the price of a table and a bench
is 250, find the price of a chair.

Solution
Average price of a chair, a table and a bench= 7 210
Total price of these three =3 x 210 = 630
Price of a table and a bench= 250
Price of the chair = 630- 250= 380

Illustration 6
Average run made in a cricket match in 10 games is 52. There was no run in the last game.
if 100 runs were made in the last game, what Would have been the average?

Solution
Average run of 10 games= 52
Total runs in 10 games= 10 x 52= 520
lt 100 runs were made in the last game, the number of total runs = 520 – 0 + 100 =
620
New average = 620 / 10 =62

illustration 7
Average rainfall from July to Feb. is 30 cm per month. If the average rainfall from July to
Nov. is 28 cm and from Nov. to Feb. is 34 cm, find the rainfall during November.

Solution
Total rainfall from July to Feb. = 30 x 8 = 240 cm
Total rainfall from July to Nov. = 28 x 5 = 140 cm
Total rainfall from Nov. to Feb. = 34 x 4 = 136 cm
Hence, total rainfall from Dec. to Feb. = 240 - 140 = 100 cmn
Rainfall during Nov. = 136- 100 = 36 cm.

illustration 8
The average temperature of a week is 29° C. If the average temperature of first four days
Monday to Thursday is 28.5'C and the average temperature of the last four days Thursday
to Sunday is 29.8° C. Find out the temperature of Thursday,

Solution

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Total temperature of first 4 days = 4x 28.5 = 114'C

Total temperature of last 4 days = 4x 29.8 = 119.2°C
Total temperature of 8 days = 114 + 119.2 = 233.2°C
Total temperature of 7 days = 7x 29°C = 203°C
Temperature of 1 day i.e. of Thursday = 233.2"C - 203C = 30.2'C

Illustration 9
The average temperature per day for the first 3 days of a week is 27 C and that for the next
three days is 29 C. If the average temperature of the entire week is 28.5C, calculate the
temperature on the last day of the week.

Solution
Average temperature of the first 3 days ofa week = 27°C
Total temperature of the first 3 days of the week = 3x 27 = 81'C
Average temperature of the next 3 days of a week = 29°C
Total temperature of the next 3 days of the week = 3 x 29 = 87°C
Total temperature of 6 days of a week = 81 +87 = 168'C
Total temperature of the week = 7 x 28.5 = 199.5 C
Temperature of the last day = 199.5 - 168= 31.5 C

illustration 10
The average monthly salary of 8 workers and 1 supervisor in a factory was? 195. The
supervisor was getting a monthly salary of 300 retired and a new supervisor was appointed
in his place as a result of which the average monthly salary of the factory workers reduced
to 185. Calculate the monthly salary of new Supervisor.

Solution
Average monthly salary of 8 workers and 1 supervisor =195
Total salary of these 9 persons= 9x 195 = 1,755
Total salary after the retirement of the supervisor == 1,755 -300 = 1,455
Let the salary of new supervisor be x.
Total salary after the entry of new supervisor = (1,455 + x)
Average salary after the entry of new supervisor = 185
total salary = 9 x 185 = 1,665
1,455 + x = 1,665
Hence,
X = 1,665 - 1,455 =210

Illustration 11
10 years ago the average age of the family of 4 members was 24 years. 2 children have been
born, the average age of the family is same today. Find the present age of the two children,
assuming that the children's age differ by 2 years.

Solution
10 years ago , the total age of 4 members = 4 x 24 = 96 years
Total age of these 4 members at present = 96 + 10 x 4 136 years
The average age of family is same after the birth of 2 children.

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Total age of (4 + 2 ) 6 members = 24 x 6 = 144 years

Total age of the 2 children = 144 - 136= 8 years
Let the age of the younger child be x.
The age of elder child = x + 2 years
x + (x+2) = 8
2x + 2 =8
2x = 8 – 2
X= 6 / 2
3 years
Ans. Age of younger child = 3 years, Age of elder child = 5 years.

Illustration 12
The average age of eight men is increased by 2 years, when two of them, whose ages are 20
and 24 years, are replaced by the two women. What is the average age of the women?

Solution
Let the average age of the 8 men be x years.
Total age of these 8 men = 8x years
Total age of 6 men (when 2 men have gone) = 8x - (20+ 24) = (8x - 44) years
Average age of 8 persons (when 2 men are replaced by 2 women) == (x + 2) years
. Total age of 6 men and 2 women = (x +2) * 8 = (8x + 16) years
Total age of 2 women= 8x + 16- (8x - 44) = 8x+16 - 8x + 44 = 60 years
Average age of 2 women = 60/2 =30 years.

llustration 13
30 persons live in a hotel. On an increase of 10 persons, monthly expenses of food increase
by 7 60 but average monthly expenses are reduced by 1. Find out what was the earlier
monthly expenditure of hotel for 30 persons?

Solution
Let the monthly average expenditure of 30 persons= x
Total monthly expenditure of 30 persons = 30x
Average monthly expenditure of 4O(30 + 10) persons = x - 1
Total monthly expenditure of these 40 persons = 40 (x-1)
According to the question,
40( x - 1) - 30x = 60
40x- 40-30x = 60
10x =100
X= 10
Required earlier total expenditure = 30 x 10 300

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Problems based on Ratio and Average

Illustration 1
The average temperature of a place on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday was
found to be 58C and average temperature on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday was
62"C. If the ratio of temperatures on Wednesday and Thursday is 15:19 find the
temperature on these days.

Solution
Total temperature of Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday =4 x 58'C = 232°C
Total temperature of Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday =4 x 62'C = 248°C
On subtraction, difference is the temperature of Thursday and Wednesday = 16°C
temperature of Wednesday = x
temperature of T'hursday = y
y – x = 16 ………(1)
x : y = 15: 19
x = 15y / 19 ………(2)
from (1) and (2)

y – (15y / 19 ) = 16
y = 76
x=60
Temperature of Wednesday = 60°C
Temperature of Thursday = 76°C

Illustration 2
The income of a business in six years is in the ratio of2:3: 4: 5:6: 7. If the average income of
these six years is 7 3,375, calculate the income of each year.

Solution
Total Income = No. of years x Average income
= 6 x 3,375 = 20,250
Ratio's total = 2 +3 + 4+5 +6+7 = 27
The income of first year = (2 / 27) x 20,250 =1,500
The income of second year = ( 3 / 27 ) x 20,250 = 2,250
The income of third year = (4 / 27 ) x 20,250 = 3,000
The income of fourth year = (5 / 27 ) x 20,250 = 3,750
The income of fifth year = (6 / 27 ) x 20,250 =4,500
The income of sixth year = (7 / 27 ) x 20,250 =5,250
1500 +2250 +3000 +3750 +4500+ 5250 = 20,250

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EXERCISE F

1. A person spends on the average 18 in 4 days. He spent 15 on first day and? 12.60 on
second day. lf he spends 25 on the third day, find his expenditure on the fourth day.Ans.
19.40

2. A magistrate collected fine for the whole week at 50 per day. The average fine collected
for 10 days was 60. If fine collected on 9th day was 30 and on 10th day was 40, find the
fine collected on 8th day. Ans 180

3. The average rainfall for a week, excluding Sunday is 0.5 cm. Owing to heavy rain on
Sunday. The average for the whole week goes up to 1.5 cm. How much was the rainfall
on Sunday. Ans7.5

4. An officer pension on retirement from service is equal to half the average salary during
the Last 36 months of his service. His salary on 30-9-1994 is 3,800 per month, with his
annual increment of 400 from 1-10-1994, 1-10-1995 and 1-10-1996. If he retires on 1-1-
1997, what pension will he draw? Ans. 2,150

5. Nine man went to a hotel. Eight of them spent 3rupes each over their meal and 9th spent
2 more Then average expenditure of all the nine. Determine total money spent by them.
Ans. 29.25

6. there are 25 students in a class. The average age of 10 students is 14.1 years. The average
age of another 12 students is 9.5 vears. The average age of the remaining student l3.5
years. When a new boy is admitted, the average age of the class is reduced by 0.1 years.
Find the age of the new comer.

7. Average age of Jawans of a platoon was 24 years. Three new Jawans were recruited
whose ages were 27, 30 and 23 years. The average went up to 24 years and 2 months.
Find the number of Jawans before new recruitment .Ans 45.

8. The average age of 60 students in a class is 18 years. 7 students left the class whose
average age was l6.25 years and 5 new students joined the class whose age was
respectively l7, 18, 21.5, 23.75 and 14 years. Find the present average age of the students
in the class.Ans. 18.32

9. A merchant sold 4/10 of his stock at a profit of 5 rupess per unit , 3/10 of his stock at a
profit of 4rupess per unit and remaining stock at a loss of 2 rupess per unit. Find his
average profit . Ans . 2.60 per unit

10. Ravi scored runs upto 16 innings at a certain speed. In the next inning he scored 85 runs
due to which his average runs per inning increased by 3 runs, what was his average after
17th inning?Ans. 37 runs

11. Average run in 10 innings played by Amar is 54 including the 128 runs of last inning. If
the run in the last inning were zero, what would have been the average number of runs?
Ans. 41.2

EXERCISE G

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Theoretical Questions
1. What do you understand by an average? Explain the method of finding average with
example.
2. What do you understand by combined average
3. What is average? Discuss its utility and limitations.
4. What is weighted average? How is it computed?
5. Define average and explain its functions, merits/advantages and demerits.

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EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
1. A trader purchases Sarees worth 6,000 per month. He purchased Sarees price 125,
120 ,100 and 150 respectively in first four months. Find the average price and number of
Sarees purchased. Ans. number of Sarees= 198, average price = 121.211

2. There are two sections A and B of B.Com. I in a college. The average marks secured by
section A in commercial calculations was 48 and that by section B was 43. The combined
average of both the sections was 45. If the total marks obtained by the two sections are
3,375. Find the number of students in each section. Ans 30 , 45

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3. 50 candidates appeared in an examination. The average of the marks obtained by them is

37 The average of marks of passed candidates is 39 and the average of those who failed is
34 Find the number of candidates who passed. Ans 30

4. 60 students appeared in an examination. On average they got 45 marks. Those who

passed got on an average 55 marks and those who failed 30 marks. Find out the number
of candidates who passed? Ans 36

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5. Bittu takes a trip which entails travelling 900 miles by train at 60 m.p.h., (miles per
hour),300 miles by boat at 25 m.p.h., 400 miles by plane at 350 m.p.h. and 15 miles by
taxi at 25 m.p.h. What is the average speed for the entire journey?

Distance speed Time

900 60 900/ 60 = 15
300 25 300/25 =12
400 350 400/350 =1.14
15 25 15/ 25 = 0.6
1615 15+12+1.14+.6 = 28.74

Time = distance / speed

average speed = total distance / total time

= 1615 / 28.74 = 56.2 ans

6. A person spends on the average 18 rupess in 4 days. He spent 15 rupess on first day and
12.60 rupess on second day. 1f he spends 25 rupess on the third day. Find his expenditure
on the fourth day

7. The average age of 4 children is 16 years. If their parent's age is taken into account, the
average age increases by 9 years. Find out the father's age if mother's age is 40 years.
Ans. 46 years

The average age of 4 children = 16 years

Total age of 4 children = 16* 4 = 64

If their parent's age is taken into account

Total members = 4 + 2 = 6

New average = 9 + 16 = 25

New total = 25 * 6 = 150

parent's age = 150 – 64 = 86

father's age = 86 – 40 = 46 ans

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8. The batting average of 40 innings of a cricket player is 50 runs. Highest score exceeds the
lowest by 172 runs. If these two innings are excluded the average of the remaining 38
innings is 48 runs. Find his highest and the lowest score.Ans. 174 and 2

The batting average of 40 innings of a cricket player = 50 runs

Total run in 40 innings = 50 * 40 = 2000

The batting average of 38 innings of a cricket player = 48 runs

Total run in 38 innings = 38 *48 = 1824

two innings runs = 2000 - 1824 = 176

x + y = 176
x-y = 172 , x = 172 + y

172 + y + y = 176
2y = 176 – 172
2y = 4
Y = 4/2 = 2

X= 172 + y = 172 +2 = 174 ans

9. The average weight of 35 persons in a boat is x kg. If a person whose weight is 65.5 kg
enters the boat then increase in the average of weight of persons is 500 gm. Find the value
of x.Ans. 47.5 kg

10. There are four boxes in a cart. If a box weighing 80 kg is replaced by another box, the
average weight of the boxes is reduced by 5 kg. Find the weight of the new box.Ans. 60
kg

11. The average temperature of Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday is 30'C. The
average temperature of Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday is 32'C. If the ratio of
the temperature of Thursday and Friday is 7:9, what is the temperature of Thursday and
Friday?Ans. Thursday 28'C, Friday 36'C

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12. Santosh purchased some books of Economics on an average price of 38. Out of these 10
books were purchased 35 rupess each and the remaining books were purchased 40 rupess
each. Calculat the total number of books purchased by Santosh.
Total book =x , Average price of total books= 38

Total price = 38 x

Average price of 10 books= 35

Total price of 10 books = 35 * 10 = 350

remaining books = x - 10

Average price of remaining books = 40

Total price of remaining books = 40 * ( x- 10 ) = 40 x - 400

Total price = Total price of 10 books + Total price of remaining books

38x = 350 + 40x- 400 , 400 – 350 = 40x – 38x

50 = 2x

X= 50/2 = 25 ans

Tot

Total book = x

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What is
Percentage?

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