1 (a) The transformer in Fig. 8.1 is used to convert 240 V a.c. to 6 V a.c.

iron core

A
C

D
B

primary secondary
coil coil
(480 turns)

Fig. 8.1

(i) Using the information above, calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.

number of turns = ................................................ [2]

(ii) Describe how the transformer works.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [3]

(iii) State one way in which energy is lost from the transformer, and from which part it is
lost.

............................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a device labelled “IGCSE Transformer”.

Fig. 8.2

Study the label on the case of the IGCSE Transformer.

(i) What is the output of the device? ....................................................................... [1]

(ii) From the information on the case, deduce what other electrical component must be
included within the case of the IGCSE Transformer, apart from a transformer.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) A transformer supplying electrical energy to a factory changes the 11 000 V a.c. supply to
440 V a.c. for use in the factory. The current in the secondary coil is 200 A.

Calculate the current in the primary coil, assuming no losses from the transformer.

current = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 10]
2 Fig. 8.1 shows a simple transformer.

iron core

primary secondary
coil coil

Fig. 8.1

(a) Describe how a voltage across the primary coil causes a voltage across the secondary coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) State what design feature would cause the voltage across the secondary coil to be larger
than the voltage across the primary coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The output of a power station is connected to a transformer, which you are to assume is
100% efficient.

The input to the primary coil is 24 000 V, 12 000 A.

The output from the secondary coil is 400 000 V. This is the voltage at which the electrical
energy is transmitted through the transmission lines.

Calculate the current in the secondary coil.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(d) State two reasons why it is cheaper to transmit electrical energy at high voltage.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]
3 A coil is wound on a cylindrical cardboard tube and connected to a sensitive centre-zero
millivoltmeter.

Figs. 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 show three situations involving the coil and a magnet.

(a) On the lines alongside each situation, describe what, if anything, is seen happening on the
millivoltmeter.

N ...................................................................................
magnet
inside coil, ...................................................................................
mV both moving
at same ...................................................................................
speed
S ...................................................................................

............................................................................. [1]
Fig. 8.1

magnet
moving ...................................................................................
N towards
coil ...................................................................................

...................................................................................
coil
mV stationary
...................................................................................

............................................................................. [1]
Fig. 8.2

magnet
...................................................................................
stationary
N
...................................................................................
coil
moving ...................................................................................
mV
towards
magnet ...................................................................................

............................................................................. [2]
Fig. 8.3
(b) Choose one of the situations in (a) where something is seen happening to the millivoltmeter.
For this situation, state three changes which could be made to increase the magnitude of
what is seen.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................

3. ......................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]