CARPENTRY

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 Special Program for
Technical Vocational Education
(Industrial Arts)

Learner’s Material: Module 1

Carpentry NC II
(Rough Carpentry)
Grade -10
Week 1 (5 Days)

Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. i
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ii
Basic concepts in Carpentry………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
PECs………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Environment and Market………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
 Special Program for Technical-Vocational Education – Carpentry NC II
(Specialization Course Grade – 10)
QUARTER: 1 (Week 1)
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS)
Basic Concept in Carpentry
Personal Entrepreneural Competencies (PECs)
Environment and Market (EM)

A. BASIC CONCEPTS IN CARPENTRY

Process and Delivery

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates an under- The learner independently demonstrates
standing of the basic concepts and common competencies in carpentry as
underlying theories in carpentry. prescribed by TESDA Training Regulations

DURATION: 1 Day
LESSON: Basic Concepts in Carpentry
1. Core concepts in Carpentry
Explain basic concepts in carpentry
2. Relevance of the course
Discuss the relevance of the course
3.Career opportunities
Explore career opportunities in carpentry

CARPENTRY
Introduction
Carpentry is one of the oldest skilled trades and is still widely required in modern construction. It
involves the cutting, shaping and installation of wood (timber) for buildings and other structures.

Carpentry is often part of the first fix of timber components in the construction of roofs, floors,
walls and other timber-framed construction. It is also often part of second fix works, such as the
construction of skirting boards, architraves, doors, and so on. Carpenters are also required to prepare
shuttering (formwork into which concrete is poured), building stairs, installing door and window frames,
and so on.

What do you mean by Carpenter?

A carpenter is a person who makes things out of wood. You could hire a carpenter to build you a
dining room table and two long benches. Carpenters specialize in woodworking, making furniture and
buildings from wood and repairing various wooden things.

Types of carpenter

Carpenters often specialize in one or two areas, allowing them to develop and hone
their skills accordingly, in particular where they tend to work on larger projects. Some of the different
types of carpenter include:

1. Rough carpenter: Framing, formwork, roofing and other structural work.

2. Joister: Lays floor joists onto which a floor surface is fixed.
3. Trim carpenter: Specializes in mouldings and trims, such as mantles, skirting boards), and other
ornamental work.
4. Cabinet maker: Make cabinets as well as other furniture such as dressers, wardrobes, and so on.
5. Ship’s carpenter: Specialize in ship and boat building.
6. Framer: Specialize in the framework of buildings.
7. Roofer: Specialize in the rafters, beams and trusses of roof construction.

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 A joiner, or finish carpenter, is typically not considered to be a carpenter (although there is some
confusion and overlap between the use of the terms). Joiners generally specialize in lighter and more
ornamental work than that done by a carpenter. This includes fine
woodworking, fittings, doors and windows, furniture, details, and so on. Joiners typically work in
a workshop where the intricate detailing and formation of various joints is made easier by using non-
portable machinery. Carpenters on the other hand typically work on construction sites.

History of Carpentry

As timber naturally degrades there are not very many remaining early examples of carpentry. The
oldest archaeological finds are water well casings that were built using split oak timbers that were
excavated in Germany and date back to circa 5,000 BC.

Some of the world’s oldest wooden buildings are Chinese temples such as the Nanchan Temple
which was built in 782, or the stave churches in Norway, such as the Heddal stave church, which
were built during the 12th and 13th centuries.
Carpentry evolved over the centuries in line with the technology and tools that were used in construction.
Sawmills were widespread by the 16th century, which established the timber industry. The Industrial
Revolution of the 18th century introduced steam engines and cut nails, which freed carpenters from the
labour-intensive process of relying on handmade nails.

Carpenters largely focused on framed post-and-beam buildings until the end of the 19th century
when other materials such as steel and concrete became increasingly popular. There has been something
of a resurgence in timber construction recently, with products such as glulam and laminated veneer
lumber (LVL) seeking to exploit the sustainable benefits that timber provides.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This is a specialized course which leads to a Carpentry, National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers
five (5) core competencies that a Grade 10 Technical Vocational Education (TVE) student ought to possess
– namely, Preparing Stakeout Building Lines, Fabricating Formworks, Installing Formworks Components,
Stripping Formworks Components, and Installing Framing works.
The preliminaries of this Specialized course include the following: (1) discussion on the core concept
in carpentry, (2) explanation and observation of key concepts relative to the course.

BASIC CONCEPTS IN CARPENTRY

Anyone can build basic structures around the Farm or Homestead - a few master techniques can open
the door to thousands of projects.
In this lesson will cover the Basic Concepts in Carpentry NC II namely:
Lesson I Preparing Stakeout Building Lines consists of three learning outcomes; LO1. Prepare Tools
equipment and materials, LO2. Stakeout and set batter boards, and LO3. Fix Stakeout building lines,
Lesson II Fabricate Formworks consists of three learning outcomes; LO1. Prepare materials, tools and
equipment, LO2. Layout and cut dimension of form sheeting and stiffeners, and LO3. Assemble form panels.
Lesson III Installing Formworks Components consists of three learning outcomes; LO1. Prepare materials,
tools and equipment for installing formworks components/form panel, LO2. Layout/assemble scaffolds and
braces, and LO3. Set/fix formworks components/form panels.
Lesson IV Stripping Formworks Components consist of three learning outcomes; LO1. Prepare staging area,
tools and equipment, LO2. Strip formworks of building components, and LO3. Shore, Re-shore and remove
forms, and
Lesson V Installing Framing works. Consists of six learning outcomes; LO1. Prepare appropriate materials,
tools and equipment for installing framing works, LO2. Layout/erect and assemble posts, girders and girts
plate, LO3. Layout/install floor joists. LO4. Layout/ install wall studs, LO5. Layout/fabricate/install roof
frames, and LO6. Layout/install ceiling joists.
This Competencies contains the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for a carpentry NC II TVE
Course.

RELEVANCE OF THE COURSE:

A carpenter is almost indispensable as far as the construction industry goes. Their expertise and
talents cover a multitude of different areas including setting foundations, laying new stairs, installing beams
and installing trims, decorations and much more.

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 Carpentry covers many different areas and with an open canvas, be it commercial or residential, a
carpenter can manage lots of different parts of a new build, extension or refurbishment. They can cover
kitchens, bathrooms, doorways, floors, roofs, framework, panelling, moulding, ceilings – basically put, a
carpenter carries a variety of skills putting them perfectly in your sights if you are looking to change an area
in your home or property.

Carpenters can repair or remodel existing structures of all kinds and any certified carpenter can:

 Rework & Remodel

 Install Stairs
 Create Banisters
 Install & Create Kitchens
 Create Framework
 Install Doorways
 Carry Out Woodwork of All Kinds
 Lay Floors
 Apply Wall Coverings
 Work on Interiors & Exteriors
 Install Beams

In fact, the carpentry craft is a talented one and anyone that can work well with their hands may
become a carpenter, but having the experience to carry out any intended work is essential. Carpentry
requires modern and traditional skills that can be carried out manually. It also requires that any individual
carrying out carpentry can read designs, be it from an individual home or property owner or an architect.
It also requires that they can understand building plans and work from them accurately.

Another skill a carpenter must have is the ability to communicate precisely to the people involved
in any new build or any type of construction. This means that any plans can be transformed perfectly to
meet the requirements of the person in charge – be it a home or property owner, a project manager,
architect or site manager. Things can change very easily during any type of project that a carpenter is
involved with.

What this means for you is that you should ensure that you always take on a carpenter who can
work really well with you. They should be confident that they can incorporate your ideas and your chosen
tradesman should always understand the importance of getting the work completed to a perfect finish.

Conclusion
We are experts in a range of fields and our carpenters work to ensure that your finished project is
completed to perfection, is appealing, and that the work when done is intended to work well within your
home or property.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN CARPENTRY

Why Carpentry Jobs Are Awesome: 3 Powerful Rewards
By Luke Redd | Published March 17, 2016 | Last Updated March 19, 2020

Woodworking and carpentry jobs are often well loved by the people who have them. In fact, some
adults end up changing careers so that they can experience what many skilled tradespeople already know:
Being a professional carpenter or woodworker can make you feel more alive, more connected, and more
accomplished.
Maybe it's because carpentry goes back hundreds of years. It's one of the world's oldest and most
important trades. Building and making things out of wood has been essential to humanity's progress. And
the trade has continued to expand and evolve as new techniques, technologies, and materials have been
developed.
Or maybe woodworking jobs and carpentry careers feel so worthwhile because of their close
relationship with the cycle of creation. After all, they involve using a natural product of the forest to create
structures and items that enable human beings to live comfortable and enjoyable lives.
Of course, the biggest reasons why a lot of carpenters and woodworkers love their jobs may have
more to do with the practical benefits. For example, check out these three top carpentry benefits
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 1. An Amazing Variety of Job Paths
Learning skills for this trade can allow you to pursue many types of carpentry jobs. As a matter of fact,
carpentry and woodworking represent one of the most versatile occupational sectors that you can enter.
It doesn't just touch most aspects of construction; it also touches many aspects of our lives that we might
not think about as much.
As a result, people who go into this wide-ranging trade often have the chance to specialize in particular
areas that align with their own interests and abilities. For instance, after some basic carpentry training,
you might choose to pursue a career as one of the following types of carpenters or woodworkers:

 Framing and residential carpenter—Help build various kinds of homes, from condos and
townhouses to single-family residences. Carpenters in this category are often involved in framing
exterior and interior walls, building stairs, and framing decks and roofs. Some of them even build
forms for concrete foundations or put up drywall. And some carpenters in this category specialize
in working on finishing touches such as installing cabinets, doors, wood floors, and crown molding.
They often use job titles like "finish carpenter" or "trim carpenter."
 Commercial carpenter—Assist in the construction of hotels, office towers, schools, hospitals,
restaurants, retail developments, and other types of commercial buildings. In addition to wood,
carpenters in this area of the trade also frequently work with steel or other materials when framing
exterior walls, curtain walls, and interior partitions. Many of them also specialize in building
concrete forms or performing various finishing tasks like laying floors or installing paneling, ceilings,
and windows.
 Industrial carpenter—Work on important public infrastructure projects or in major industries like
resource extraction, energy production, or manufacturing. Big construction projects often require
specialized carpenters to build safe and sturdy scaffolding, strong bracing, firm partitions, or
precise concrete-pouring forms. Such carpenters often contribute their skills to civil engineering
projects such as bridges, tunnels, and dams. And they can also be found working on the
construction of industrial projects like power plants or underground structures for mining.
 Bench carpenter or cabinetmaker—Contribute to the cutting, shaping, and assembling of wood
products. Or take on tasks like setting up and operating power saws, mortisers, jointers, and other
kinds of woodworking machinery. Many cabinetmakers don't just get to fabricate wooden cabinets;
they also frequently get to design custom cabinets and install them in customers' homes or offices.
 Carpentry assistant—Help established carpenters with basic tasks as you learn fundamentals like
how to read blueprints, make accurate measurements, and use hand tools and power tools safely
and effectively. This job path is good for getting a feel for the trade before beginning an
apprenticeship.
 Furniture finisher—Take on jobs that involve restoring worn or damaged furniture by using skills
related to shaping wood and applying stains, sealing agents, or topcoats. Many woodworkers in
this part of the trade repair or refinish wooden antiques and educate people on how to best
preserve them.
 Woodworking machine operator—Specialize in the use of automated equipment such as
computerized numerical control (CNC) machines for the production of various kinds of items made
from wood, laminates, veneers, or a combination of wood-related materials.

While exploring this trade, you might also wonder what the difference is between rough carpentry
and finish carpentry. Basically, rough carpenters specialize in building things like concrete forms,
scaffolding, and frameworks for large structures. In contrast, finish carpenters are specialists at final
touches such as laying floors, building stairs and banisters, and installing trim, paneling, and moldings.
As carpenters advance in their careers, many of them have the opportunity to take on higher-
paying roles with more responsibility. Those can include job paths like becoming construction supervisors
or starting their own companies as independent contractors. In addition, some carpenters venture into
related areas of construction such as becoming industrial millwrights or heavy equipment operators.
2. Opportunities to Earn Good Wages
For a highly skilled carpenter or woodworker, the sky is the limit when it comes to earning potential.
The pay is often especially compelling if you become a lead carpenter (i.e., a supervisor), operate your own
contracting business, or gain a management position in the commercial or industrial sector. Of course,
everyone who gets into this trade begins at the entry level as an apprentice or carpenter helper. But even
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many carpentry apprenticeship jobs pay good wages once you've moved beyond the basics. And most
apprenticeships only take between three and four years to complete, which can earn you the title of
"journeyman carpenter."
Based on 2018 estimates from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, average
annual wages for tradespeople in this career sector looked this this:

 Construction supervisors (including lead carpenters)—$70,540 ($33.91 per hour)

 Journeyman carpenters—$51,120 ($24.58 per hour)
 Cabinetmakers—$36,580 ($17.59 per hour)
 Furniture finishers—$33,850 ($16.27 per hour)
 Woodworking machine operators—$31,110 ($14.96 per hour)
 Carpenters' helpers—$31,850 ($15.32 per hour)

Many carpentry and woodworking professionals earn well above the national average wages for
their trades, especially if they have a lot of experience or work in high-paying industries or regions. For
example, OES program data shows that, in 2018, the most high-paid carpentry jobs offered yearly wages
of over $82,750 ($39.78 per hour). The petroleum and coal products manufacturing industry paid
carpenters the highest average wages—$82,470 ($39.65 per hour). And the states where carpenters
earned the most money, on average, were Hawaii, Illinois, Alaska, New Jersey, and New York. Average pay
in those states ranged from $62,880 ($30.23 per hour) to $73,070 ($35.13 per hour).
Plus, some carpentry and woodworking jobs come with employer benefits such as paid vacation,
health and dental insurance, and retirement savings plans. Union jobs, in particular, are known to provide
excellent benefits. So it's worth looking into organizations such as the United Brotherhood of Carpenters
(UBC). Getting some basic woodworking or carpentry training before applying for union apprenticeships
can make you a more attractive candidate. Many trade schools offer short carpentry programs that provide
exactly that.
3. The Ability to Take On Woodworking Jobs From Home
Carpentry is a good job for people who are interested in working from home. Having the skills to
cut, shape, and finish wood can mean having a huge world of other moneymaking opportunities available
to you. In fact, you don't have to confine yourself to just building privacy fences or decks in your spare time
for extra cash. With relatively few startup costs, you might also be able to begin doing fun woodworking
jobs from home.
Even a lot of non-professional woodworkers are able to succeed with home-based businesses. So
imagine what you might be able to do as a true craftsperson with professional carpentry skills and a better
knowledge of the tools, materials, and possibilities. For example, some people have achieved success by
making and selling products such as:

 Unique birdhouses
 Handcrafted wooden toys
 Dollhouses and related accessories
 Distinctive wooden signs or plaques that are funny, clever, or inspirational
 Custom-designed furniture like chairs, coffee tables, and bookshelves
 Laser-cut or laser-engraved wooden objects like clocks, maps, rolling pins, cuff links, or ornamental
trinkets
 Customized wooden instruments like guitars or violins
 Various types of home decor and accessories

The point is to use your imagination and master a particular niche. People all over the world are seeking
high-quality wooden products that have a distinctive flair. And they are often willing to pay top dollar for
them. Plus, the Internet has made it easier than ever to find and serve niche markets. Etsy is just one of
many online marketplaces where you can easily begin selling what you make from home.
Other possibilities for doing woodwork at home include restoring or repairing wooden antiques,
refinishing old furniture, or assembling or painting wooden products for various manufacturers. Just be
careful about signing on with work-from-home companies. Although many of them are legitimate, some of
them are scams. So it's best to check out every company thoroughly, especially if you're being asked to
send upfront payments for supplies.

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 POST ASSESSMENT

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Directions: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on the space
before the number.
_______ 1. What is the oldest skilled trades and is still widely required in modern construction?
a. Carpenter b. Carpentry c. Masonry d. Plumbing
_______ 2. A person who makes things out of wood.
a. Carpenter b. Carpentry c. Masonry d. Plumbing
_______ 3. What is the oldest archaeological carpentry works?
a. Split oak timber b. Wooden toy c. Water well casing d. Building
_______ 4. __________ is generally specialize in lighter and more ornamental work.
a. Finish b. Rough c. Joiner d. All of the above
_______ 5. What is the first unit of competency in carpentry 10?
a. Prepare stakeout building lines c. Install formworks components
b. Fabricate formworks d. Install framing works

II. ENUMERATION:
Directions: Enumerate the following
A. What are the seven types of Carpenter?
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4.

B. Enumerate the five basic concepts in carpentry

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

C. Give the three carpentry benefits.

13.
14.
15.

D. Give at least five carpentry careers.

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

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B. PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURAL COMPETENCIES (PEC’s)
Process and Delivery

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates an under- The learner recognizes his/her Personal
standing of one’s Personal Entrepreneural Entrepreneural Competencies and Skills
Competencies and skills (PEC’s) (PEC’s) and prepares a list of PEC’s of a
Practitioner/entrepreneur in carpentry.

DURATION: 2 Days
LESSON: Personal Entrepreneural Competencies (PEC’s)
1. Assessment of Personal Competencies and skills (PECs) vis-à-vis a practicing
entrepreneur/employee in locality/town.
1.1 Characteristics
1.2 Attributes
1.3 Lifestyle
1.4 Skills
1.5 Traits

2. Analysis of PECS in relation to a practitioner

3. Align, strengthen and develop one's PECs based on
the results
LO 1. Recognize PECs needed in carpentry

1.1 Assess one's PECs: characteristics, attributes,

lifestyles, skills, traits
1.2 Assess practitioner's: characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills, traits
1.3 Compare one’s PECs with that of a practitioner/
entrepreneur
1.4 Align one’s PECs with that of a practitioner/
Entrepreneur

PART I: PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES (PECS)

KNOW
LESSON1. IMPORTANT ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAITS

The following are the fundamental characteristics of an entrepreneur:

1. Hard working: If you are determined to run your own business, you must
concentrate on your work either as a producer or a seller. The success of your
business depends on how much time and effort you will spend on it.
2. Self- Confidence: You must have strong faith in your ability despite the problems
that you will encounter along the way.
3. Future-Oriented: Once a person enters in a line of business, you must
understand that you are in a non-stop contract that an entrepreneur should
understand. It may take several years to build up a business to a reasonable
standard. The goal for most successful business people is to build a secure job
and stable income for themselves based on their own ability.
4. Profit-Oriented: When you enter into the world of business, obviously, you are
looking for income because you know that this will be your bread and butter not
only for you but also for your family. Therefore, you must see to it that the
business can generate income. Another plan of action is to expand your own
business through the use of your generated income.

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 5. Goal-Oriented: An entrepreneur is forward looking. You have an advanced
preparation for your business. You set a long-term goal for the activities that
are needed, an extensive preparation for the production process and
procedures that you need to go through to acquire, human and non-human
resources. Everything in your business will have to be set clearly, organized, and
planned depending on the goal you want to achieve.
6. Persistence: Differences in opinion and judgment. Your opponent can be a part
of the rejection on what you intend to do for your endeavor. As an entrepreneur,
you must be firm, strong-willed, and stick or follow your own belief.
7. Copes with Failure: Learn from your mistakes. As an entrepreneur, you must
learn how to deal with the frustrations and failures instead, turn these into
productive learning experiences.
8. Responds to Feedback or Open to Feedback: You must be concerned to know
how well you are doing and keep track of your performance. You must obtain
useful feedback and advice from others.
9. Take the Initiative: A successful entrepreneur takes the initiative. You must put
yourself in a position where you personally are responsible for the failure or
success of your business.
10. Willing to Listen: Take time to listen to the advice, suggestions, and
recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs. It will help your business grow.
11. Set your Own Standards: This involves developing and using logical, step-by-step
plans to reach the goals, or offering evaluation alternatives, monitoring progress,
and switching to successful strategies for the goal you want to achieve. To be a
successful entrepreneur you must take into consideration that sales and
production depend on your own standards.
12. Copes with Uncertainty: Pursue your vision to be a successful
entrepreneur; you should know how to handle unusual events that may happen
in the business which include problems in managing the workers, problems on
the delivery of goods and services, and the problems on demand and
production. You must be patient in dealing with these uncertainties.
13. Committed: You should know that in your business, personal needs, attachment
to your friends, families and relatives are set aside. You must separate the
money for your business from the amount that you need to spend for your
personal obligations your lifestyle.
14. Builds on Strengths: Successful business people base their work on strengths.
Use your manual skills, knowledge in creating products or services, knowledge in
trade and industry, ability to make and use of a wide network of contacts to
build your business.
15. Reliable and has Integrity: An entrepreneur, you must build a good reputation,
possess the courage to do the right thing, do what you say, walk your talk, be
loyal, and be fair in dealing with the subordinates and costumers.
16. Risk-Taker: Risk sometimes cannot be anticipated. When misfortunes happen,
consider these as challenges and work them out and set good alternatives. Risks
may result to loss of your business or even bankruptcy.

PROCESS: ACTIVITY 1: ALIGNING ONE’S PECS

Creative Resourceful Persistent Organized Independent

Confident Risk taker Observant Competent Trustworthy

Optimistic Passionate Flexible Sensitive Committed

Dynamic Efficient Hardworking Decision-maker Reliable

Knowledgeable Persevering Decisive Strong–minded Courteous

Example: My PECs
Try to design a concept map that indicates your traits, characteristics
and skills that you need to possess in order to become a successful
entrepreneur.

Activity 2. My PECs that need further improvement

Directions: At the center of the street are arrows where positive and negative characteristics
and traits are written. Pick the positive PECs that you are already strong at,
and write them down on the blank arrows on the left side. PECs written on
the arrows at the right side are the negative characteristics that need to
further improved.

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 UNDERSTANDING:

Lesson 1: Strengthening your Identified PECs

Guides on how to strengthen your own PECs:

1. React positively to criticisms and be open to feedback.
2. Always demonstrate positive attitude to achieve a desired goal.
3. Always project strong and well-balanced behavior.
4. Always exercise the assertive style in your work environment.
5. Avoid being too passive and being too aggressive.
6. Consider negative comments as a challenge in improving your
business.
7. Prioritize your business goal rather than personal goal in order
to become a successful entrepreneur.
8. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducive
work environment.
9. Be responsible for everything you do in your business.
10. Always observe entrepreneurial ethics in putting up a business.

ACTIVITY 1: MY TECHNIQUES TO STRENGTHEN MY PECS

DIRECTIONS: From the given chart below, write at least six techniques on how you would
strengthen your own PECs. Write the PECs that you feel that you still need to
strengthen.

Example: Self-confidence

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 TRANSFER:
PREPARATION OF AN ACTION PLAN
CULMINATING ACTIVITY

DIRECTIONS: Examine yourself once again. Make a short list of PECs that you need to
strengthen. From this activity, prepare an action plan that requires further development. You
may opt to follow the suggested format below. You may improve or change it as long as it
suits your own plan of action

SAMPLE ACTION PLAN

Specific Purpose Statement: Developing self-confidence in furniture and sash factory

business.
(Or any business related to Civil Technology)

Measures of Reward/
Focu Current Success Actions Time Recognition
s Situation Goal Required Frame
Area
My PECs I need to -To Achieve -Selling -During -Earns
develop my exercise 100% finished culminating expected
undefined my own completion of products activities income
characteris PECs development derived from -After -Outstanding
-tics during selling of my own culminating learning performance
necessary and PECs through activities in the in selling and
for my producing selling and any of principles, promoting
business. products/ production of chosen theories, products
Such as: services products, career. processes
Furniture -To become proper manner -Participate and of any and services.
and Sash proficient in when dealing in skills chosen
factory. my with people. competition career.
chosen sponsored by
skill. NGO, and
GO

POST ASSESSMENT
A. MATCHING TYPE
DIRECTIONS: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful Entrepreneur.
Draw a line from the items in Column A that connects the correct
definition of terms listed in Column B.
Column A Column B

1. Hardworking a. Ability to set realistic targets.

2. Self-confident b. Interest in money generation.
3. Profit-oriented c. To succeed, one must believe in one’s self.
4. Goal-oriented d. Working diligently and industriously.
5. Persistent e. Being able to listen to the advice of others.
6. Responds or open to feedback f. Obtaining useful feedback and advice from
7. Willing to listen others.
8. Committed g. Being patient and strives to achieve the goal.
9. Reliable and has integrity h. Ability to take measured or calculated risks.
10. Risk-taker i. Being honest, fair and trustworthy.
j. A major priority in the entrepreneur’s life.
f. Set aside things from the others

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B. MULTIPLE CHOICE.
DIRECTIONS: Read and study the situation that describes entrepreneurial characteristics.
Then answer the question by writing the letter of your choice in your assignment
notebook or in the provided answer sheet.
Mr. Antonio Cinco opens up his own furniture and sash factory business. He
knows that his personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure a
successful operation of the business that he has in mind. Your answers to the questions
below will help in developing his PECs.
1. What PECs must he possess if there are customers who complain about the quality of
his product?
A. Hardworking C. Trustworthy
B. Patience D. Versatile
2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an
entrepreneur?
A. Copes with failure C. Opportunity seeker
B. Dependent D. Persistent
3. If he wants to ensure a profitable business, what characteristic will he maintain?
A. Commitment C. Goal oriented
B. Futuristic D. Opportunity seeker
4. Mr. Cinco follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if he intends to open
a furniture and sash factory business. What PECs has been
demonstrated by Mr. Cinco?
A. Open to feedback C. Reliable
B. Persistent D. Self-confidence
5. He tells his best friend that he has strong will and does not give up to find a solution to
a business problem. What PEC has been demonstrated by Mr. Cinco?
A. Hard work C. Risk taking
B. Persistence D. Self-confidence

C. ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET (EM)

Process and Delivery

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates an under- The learner independently generates a
standing of the concepts environment and Business idea based on the analysis of
market and how they relate to a career environment and market in carpentry.
choice in carpentry.

DURATION: 2 Days
LESSON: Environment and Market (EM)
Market (Town)
1. Key concepts of Environment and Market
2. Players in the Market (competitors)
3. Products & services available in the market

LO 1. Recognize and understand the market in carpentry

1.1 Identify the players/competitors within the town
1.2 Identify the different products/services available
In the market
Market (Customer)
4. Key concepts in identifying and understanding the
consumer
5. Consumer Analysis through:
5.1 Observation
5.2 Interviews
5.3 Focus group discussion (FGD)
5.4 Survey

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 LO 2. Recognize the potential customer/ market in Carpentry

2.1 Identify the profile of potential customers

2.2 Identify the customer’s needs and wants through
Consumer analysis
2.3 Conduct consumer/market analysis

6. Generating Business idea

6.1 Key concepts in generating business ideas
6.2 Knowledge, skills, passions and interests
6.3 new application
6.4 Irritants
6.5 Striking ideas (new concept)
6.6 Serendipity Walk

LO 3. Create new business ideas in the carpentry business

by using various techniques
3.1 Explore ways of generating business idea from one's
Own characteristic/attributes
3.2 Generate business ideas using product innovation
from irritants, trends and emerging need
3.3 Generate business ideas using Serendipity Walk

PART II ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET (EM)

KNOW:
LESSON 1
NEEDS AND WANTS OF PEOPLE

Everyone has his or her own needs and wants. However, people have different concepts
of needs and wants. Needs in business are important things that every individual can’t do
without in a society.
These include:
1. Basic commodities for consumption,
2. Clothing and other personal belongings,
3. Shelter, sanitation and health, and
4. Education and relaxation.
Basic needs are essential to every individual so he/she may be able to live with dignity
and pride in the community of people. Focusing on these needs can obviously help you generate
business ideas.
Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and an expensive way of
living. Wants or desires are considered over and above the basic necessities of life. Some
examples are fashion accessories, designer shoes and clothes, travelling around the world,
eating in an exclusive restaurant; watching movies, concerts, plays, having luxurious cars,
wearing expensive jewelry, perfume, living in impressive homes, and others.
Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of business that you may
engage into because; it can serve as the measure of your success. Some other good points that
you might consider in business undertakings are the kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle,
culture and tradition, and social orientation that they belong.

LESSON 2
GENERATING IDEAS FOR BUSINESS

Here are some ways by which you may generate possible ideas for business.
1. Examine the existing goods and services.
Are you satisfied with the product? What do other people, who use the
product say about it? How can it be improved? There are many ways of improving a
product from the way it is made to the way it is packed and sold? You can also improve

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the materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you introduce new ways of using
the product, making it more useful and adaptable to the customers’ many needs. When
you are improving the product or enhancing it, you are doing an innovation. You can
also do an invention by introducing an entirely new product to replace the old one.
Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and services are sold
outside of the community. Very often, these products are sold in a form that can still be
enhanced or improved.

2. Examine the present and future needs.

Look and listen to what the customers, institution, and communities are missing
in terms of goods and services. Sometimes, these needs are already obvious and felt at
the moment. Other needs are not that obvious because they can only be felt in the
future, in the
Event of certain developments in the community. For example, a town will have
its electrification facility in the next six months. Only by that time will the entrepreneur
could think of electrically-powered or generated business such as photocopier, computer
service, digital printing, etc.

3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied.

Needs for the products and services are referred to as market demand. To satisfy
these needs is to supply the products and services that meet the demands of the market.
The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the products or service, and these
may be people or institutions such as other businesses, establishments, organizations, or
government agencies. There is a very good business opportunity when there is absolutely
no supply to a pressing market demand. Businesses or industries in the locality also have
needs for goods and services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other
services such as selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for business.

4. Examine the available resources around you.

Observe what materials or skills are available in abundance in your area. A business
can be started out of available raw materials by selling them in raw form and by
processing and manufacturing them into finished products. For example, in a copra-
producing town, there will be many coconut husks and shells available as “waste”
products. These can be collected and made into coco rags/doormat and charcoal bricks
and sold profitably outside the community. A group of people in your neighborhood may
have some special skills that can be harnessed for business. For example, women in the
Mountain Province possess loom weaving skills that have been passed on from one
generation to the next generation. Some communities there set up weaving businesses
to produce blankets, as well as decorative items and various souvenir items for sale to
tourists and lowland communities.
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and experience you may
have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home economics, and ICT classes will provide you
with business opportunities to acquire the needed skills which will earn for you extra
income, should you decide to engage in income-generating activities. With your skills,
you may also tinker around with various things in your spare time. Many products were
invented this way.

5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new products and techniques or
advances in technology.
You can pick up new business ideas from Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business
Magazines, Go Negosyo, KAB materials, Small- industry Journal. The Internet serves as a
library where you may browse and surf on possible businesses. It will also guide you on
how to put the right product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time. A
listing of possible businesses to set up in an area may also be available from banks or
local non-government organization.

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 LESSON 3

SELECTING THE RIGHT IDEA

Once you have embarked on identifying the business opportunities, you will eventually
see that there are many possibilities that are available for you. It is very unlikely that you will have
enough resources to pursue all of them at once. Which one will you choose?
You have to select the most promising one from among hundreds and one ideas. It will be
good to do this in stages. In the first stage, you screen your ideas to narrow them down to about
five choices. In the next stage, trim down the five choices to two options. In the final stage, choose
between the two and decide which business idea worth pursuing.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the following factors:
a. How much capital is needed to put up the business?
b. How big is the demand for the product? How many people need this product
and will continue to need it for a long time?
c. How is the demand being met? Who are producing the products to meet the
need? How much of the need is now being met (current level of supply)?
d. Do you have the background and experience needed to run this particular
business?
e. Will the business be legal, not going against any existing or foreseeable
government regulation?
f. Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?
g. Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening which ones from
among your many ideas are worth examining further and worth pursuing.

Lesson 4
ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

There is a need to conduct environmental scanning to identify the needs of the people,
niche for your business mission, and to give attention to trends and issues. This may also serve
as an evaluation of the type of the entrepreneurial activity appropriate in the community.
Environmental scanning is defined as a process of gathering, analyzing, and dispensing
information for tactical or strategic purposes. The environmental scanning process entails
obtaining both factual and subjective information on the business environments in which a
company is operating.
Environment in the community can be viewed according to its technological, political,
economic, and social aspects. Some people in a community do not use computers but with the
transmission of development in terms of technology they look forward for changes to Satisfy their
needs and wants.

As a future entrepreneur, you must be well-versed in this kind of advancement and

progression of your environment particularly in technology so as to secure the success of your
future business. Always think of something new, something novel, authentic, reinvent the
existing ones, and create your new version of goods/products, and services. For instance, your
own hair straightening is herbal, while in the other salons it is made of synthetic chemicals. This
kind of changes being made will affect the existing principles in business and industries that can
be easily adapted to the changes in producing the products/services to meet the needs and wants
of people in the community.

PROCESS:
In generating business ideas, you should first identify what type of business is suited to
your business idea. You should analyze and scan the potential environment, study the marketing
practices and strategies of your competitors, analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,
and the Threats in your environment to ensure that the products/goods and services you are
planning to offer will be patronized within the easy reach by your target markets/consumers.

Bear in mind these simple rules for successful SWOT analysis.

 Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when conducting
SWOT analysis.
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  SWOT analysis should distinguish between where your business is today, and
where it could be in the future.
 SWOT should always be specific. Avoid any grey areas.
 Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition i.e. better than or worse than
your competition.
 Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis
 SWOT is subjective.

UNDERSTANDING:

People keep on searching for new things, new trends, and new issues. For this
reason, an entrepreneur must quickly respond.
As generations come and go, another set of new trends will come or will exist.
In order to adapt to the rapid changes in the business environment, the existing
industries need to improve their products and services. But how can you generate
business ideas with those strong competitors? There are three main sets of decisions
that you need to make - what to produce, how to produce, and how to share or sell out the
product to the market.

ACTIVITY 1: MINI SURVEY

Directions: Conduct a mini survey in your immediate community. Gather pertinent

data on the population across age bracket as suggested in the matrix below. Opposite
each age group, indicate their probable needs and wants.

Age Bracket Population Needs Wants

Example: 35 Toys, coloring books, Wooden toys, glossy coloring
pajama books, etc. fashionable pajama
5 and below
6- 10 years old
11-15 years old
16-20 years old
21-25 years old
26-35 years old
35-45 years old
46-55 years old
56-65 years old
66 and above

ACTIVITY 2: SCREENING BUSINESS IDEAS

Directions: After filling out the chart above, try to list down all the probable business
opportunities which you may wish to venture in. Remember to consider the ideas and
suggestions discussed in Lesson 3. Use the suggested matrix below to indicate your
choice. Write your answers in your notebook.
Example: Wooden toys

Positive Factors
Negative Factors
Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats

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 TRANSFER

Now that, you have all the information, are you ready to test your ability to
generate your own business idea? If your answer is yes, start studying the sample vicinity
map of a community with a population of two thousand people. A new housing project will
be constructed adjacent to Daang Hari St, close to Old Molino St., its main road. This housing
project targets the homeowners who are young couples with two kids.

In this activity, you need to answer the questions that may lead to the generation of a
probable business. Your answers to these questions will serve as the bases in formulating
your own business ideas.

1. Who do you think are your target consumers/markets?

2. Where is the most ideal location to situate your business?
3. Which products or services would appeal to your target consumers/markets?
4. Can you say that you have seized the most feasible business opportunity?

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POST-ASSESSMENT

ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
DIRECTIONS: Select the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in your
activity notebook.
1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:
a. Clothing
b. Food
c. Recreation
d. Shelter
2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective entrepreneur in
choosing the right location for his/her business?
a. Access of the target customers
b. The attractiveness of the shop layout
c. The prevailing prices of goods in the area
d. Types of merchandise
3. Tony plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the following will help him
determine a successful plan for setting up his business?
a. Checking for similar business to avoid competition
b. Conduct a SWOT analysis
c. Getting feedback on the quality of service
d. Survey of consumer association
4. John Paul studies the population in his immediate community. He is doing this to –
a. determine whom to sell his product or service.
b. identify his would be “suki”.
c. predict his biggest buyer.
d. select his favorite costumers.
5. When an entrepreneur improves and alter products to make it more appealing to target
consumers, he/she is doing an---of the product.
a. alteration
b. improvisation
c. Innovation
d. Invention

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING:

 Tech-Voc. CBLM
 Wikipedia
 Carpentry construction/Britannicawww.britannica.com
 Merriam-Websterwww.merriam-webster.com
 Dep-Ed, TVL Industrial Arts Carpentry LM. Module 1

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 ACTIVITY SHEET/ASSESSMENT
In CARPENTRY 10
Week 1 (Sept. 13-17, 2021)

CHECKLISTS:

______ 1. READ BASIC CONCEPTS IN CARPENTRY

______ Answer the Post-Assessment in a carpentry notebook
______ 2. READ PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURAL Competencies (PEC’s)
Process:
______ Answer activity 1 Aligning One’s PEC’s. - write your answer in a carpentry notebook
______ Answer activity 2 My PEC’s that need Further Improvement – Draw and write your answer in a
carpentry notebook
Understanding:
______ Answer activity 1 My techniques to strengthen my PEC’s – Draw and write your answer in a
Carpentry notebook
______ Answer Post-Assessment – write your answer in a carpentry notebook (letters only)
______ 3. READ ENVIRONMENT and MARKET (EM)
Understanding:
___x___ Activity 1 Mini Survey - no need to accomplish due to the pandemic.
___x___ Activity 2. Screening Business Ideas – no need to accomplish due to the pandemic
Transfer:
______ Answer Activity 1. Lead to the Generation of a probable business. – copy the four questions
and write your answers in a carpentry notebook
______ 1. Who do you think are your target consumers/markets?
______ 2. Where is the most ideal location to situate your business?
______ 3. Which products or services would appeal to your target consumers/markets?
______ 4. Can you say that you have seized the most feasible business opportunity?
______ Answer Post-Assessment – write your answer in a short bond paper

Prepared by:

PETRONILO C. SAMOY
SPTVE Teacher