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Text Book Ecercise c1

The document is a student's answers to various formative and summative practice questions about stimuli and responses in humans and plants from their science textbook. It includes the student answering questions about the main parts of the human nervous system, examples of voluntary and involuntary actions, the effects of brain injury, and the importance of the nervous system. The student also answers questions about the mechanisms of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch in humans. Questions about tropism, nastic movement and photosynthesis in plants are answered as well.

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PUTRI ZAFIRAH ALYA BINTI ZAMANI Moe
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© © All Rights Reserved
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133 views

Text Book Ecercise c1

The document is a student's answers to various formative and summative practice questions about stimuli and responses in humans and plants from their science textbook. It includes the student answering questions about the main parts of the human nervous system, examples of voluntary and involuntary actions, the effects of brain injury, and the importance of the nervous system. The student also answers questions about the mechanisms of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch in humans. Questions about tropism, nastic movement and photosynthesis in plants are answered as well.

Uploaded by

PUTRI ZAFIRAH ALYA BINTI ZAMANI Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: WAN SYAHIRUL AIMAN BIN SYAHRUL ADZMAN

Class: 3 ALF
Chapter 1: Stimuli and response
Formative Practice 1.1 (pg10)
1. State two main parts of the human nervous system.
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
2. (a) What is voluntary action? Give one example of a voluntary action.
Voluntary actions are conscious actions, carried out according to the wishes of a person and are
controlled by the brain. Examples of controlled actions are reading, writing, speaking, eating,
drinking, walking, running, exercising, and singing.
(b) What is involuntary action? Give one example of an involuntary action.
Involuntary actions are spontaneous actions that happen without being realised or thought of
beforehand. Examples of uncontrolled actions are heartbeat, breathing, peristalsis, secretion of
saliva and sneezing.
3. What happens if a person has brain injury?
Injured nerve cells in the human brain are unable to interpret impulses from affectors and cannot
send impulses to effectors. Due to this, a person who sustained brain injury is unable to carry out
voluntary or involuntary actions involving the brain.

4. What is the importance of the network of human nervous system in life?


The network of nervous system of humans functions to control and coordinate organs and body
parts so as to carry out processes in the body and daily activities.

Formative Practice 1.2 (pg29)


1. Complete the following mechanism of sight.

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(a) Cornea
(b) Pupil
(c) Retina
(d) Brain
2. Which structure of the ear, if damaged, will not influence the mechanism of hearing?
Semicircular canals.
3. Where is the sensory cell for smell located?
At the upper part of the nasal cavity.
4. State the five tastes that can be detected by the tongue.
Salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami.
5. State two factors that influence the sensitivity of the skin to stimuli.
The number of receptors and the thickness of the skin epidermis.
6. (a) State the type of stimulus that can be detected by the tongue.
Five types of taste, touch, pain, hot objects, cold objects, and pressure.
(b) Explain how the stimulus in question 6 (a) can be detected.
Five types of taste can be detected by taste receptors in the taste buds of the tongue. The tongue is
protected by skin that has touch, pain, heat, cold and pressure receptors, therefore it can detect
touch, pain.
Formative Practice 1.3 (pg.35)
1. (a) What is tropism?
Tropism is a directed response of plants towards stimuli coming from a certain direction.
(b) State the type of tropism towards the following stimuli:
(i) Touch : Thigmotropism
(ii) Gravity: Geotropism
(iii) Light: Phototropism
2. (a) Which parts of a plant show:
(i) positive phototropism? Shoots
(ii) positive geotropism? Roots
(iii) positive thigmotropism? Tendrils or winding shoots
(b) What is the importance of hydrotropism to plants?
Positive hydrotropism allows roots to obtain water and dissolved mineral salts to survive.
3. State one similarity and one difference between the responses of tropism and nastic movement.
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The similarity of tropism and nastic response are responses of plants towards stimuli. Tropism is the
directed response of plants towards stimuli while nastic response is the response towards stimuli
without considering their direction.

Formative Practice 1.4 (pg 39)


1. State two types of vision of animals.
Stereoscopic and monocular vision.
2. State the factor that determines the type of vision of animals.
Location of eyes on the head.
3. What is the type of vision of a primary consumer? Give your reasons.
Primary consumer has monocular vision. Monocular vision has a wide field of vision and allows it to
detect predators coming from various directions.
4. What is the importance of stereophonic hearing?
Stereophonic hearing allows us to determine the direction of sound accurately.
5. In the dark, Azman can determine the location of a mewing cat. Explain how Azman is able to
determine the location of the cat.
Azman uses his stereophonic hearing to determine the cat’s location. The time and loudness of the
sound made by the cat received by both of Azman’s ears are the same. The brain then informs
Azman the direction of the cat making the sound.

Summative practice (pg 41-43)


1. Mark ‘√’ the correct statement and ‘×’ the incorrect statement about the human nervous system.
Statement √/X
(a) The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves connecting the brain with the X
spinal cord.
(b) Without a functioning brain, voluntary actions cannot be carried out. √
(c) Playing badminton is an involuntary action. X
(d) Impulses can only be interpreted by the brain. √

2. Figure 1 shows structures P, Q and R of the human nervous system. Label P, Q and R.

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P: Brain

Q: Spinal cord

R: Peripheral nerve

3. Figure 2 shows responses A and B of the eye.

(a) State the responses shown in Figure 2.


Changes in the size of the pupil of the eye.
(b) State the stimuli that cause these responses.
Intensity of light which enters the eye.
(c) How do the stimuli cause these responses?
The lower the intensity of light directed towards the eye, the larger the size of the pupil of the eye.
(d) These responses protect the eye especially the retina by preventing light of excessive intensity from
entering the eye. During the solar eclipse, explain why we should observe this event on the water
surface in a basin of water.
During a solar eclipse, the bright rays of the sun will enter the eye and damage the cells of the retina.
4. In a science class, Azura studies the mechanisms of hearing and sight.
(a) Draw one flow chart that shows the pathway of sound from a source of sound entering the ear.
Sound → Ear lobe → Ear canal → Eardrum → Ossicles → Oval window → Cochlea → Auditory nerve → Brain

4
(b) Draw one flow chart that shows the pathway of light from an object entering the eye.

Light → Cornea → Aqueous humour → Pupil → Eye lens → Vitreous humour → Retina → Optic nerve → Brain

5. Figure 3 shows the structure of the human skin.

(a) Label X and Y in Figure 3.


X: Touch receptor
Y: Pain receptor
(b) Explain why the fingertip and not the palm of the hand is used to detect Braille symbols.
Finger tip is more sensitive towards touch stimuli compared to the palm of the hand. Finger tip has a
thinner layer of epidermis and more touch receptors compared to the palm of the hand.
(c) Mazlan classifies the tongue as skin that possesses taste receptors. Do you agree with the
classification of the tongue as skin? Explain your answer.
Agree. The tongue is a sensory organ that has receptors.
6. (a) What is the importance of the sense of smell when we are in the science laboratory?
Give one example.
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The sense of smell helps us to detect danger such as leakage of gas that might occur in the science
laboratory. For example, we can detect the presence of dangerous gases such as chlorine and
ammonia from their smell.
(b) Why are dogs in police units trained to detect the presence of drugs kept in bags?
Dogs have a very sensitive sense of smell because they have more sensory cells for smell than human
and are more efficient to analyse smell than human.
7. (a) State two responses in plants that help photosynthesis.
Positive phototropism and positive hydropism.
(b) How do the two responses of plants in question 7 (a) help photosynthesis?
Positive phototropism ensures shoots and leaves of plants obtain sufficient sunlight to make food
through photosynthesis. Positive hydrotropism allows roots of plants to grow towords water so that
they can absorb water to enable plants to carry out photosynthesis.
8. (a) Name the type of vision of an eagle.
Stereoscopic vision.

(b) What is the importance of the type of vision in question 8 (a) to the survival of the eagle?
The eagle is a predatory animal. Stereoscopic vision helps the eagle to hunt its prey by accurately
determining the location of its prey.
9. Pak Dollah who is long-sighted forgot to bring his glasses during breakfast in a restaurant. You are
required to invent a lens to enable Pak Dollah to read the newspaper. Your invention must make use of
the materials shown in Figure 4

6
First, fill the transparent plastic bottle with water because it functions as a convex lens. Then, place it
on top of the newspaper.Lastly, read the newspaper through it.

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