ACTIVITY NO.

2 IN CSS
11
(2 SEMESTER)
ND

“N E T W O R K D E V I C E S
&
S Y S T E M U N I T”
  NETWORK DEVICES - are electronic devices which are
required for communication and interaction between devices on
a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data
transmission in a computer network.

Here is the common network device list:

 Hub  BRIDGE
 Switch  Repeater
 Router
 Gateway
 MODEM
 H U B - connect multiple computer  networking
Access devices together. A

because it connects LAN componentsPoint

hub is the simplest in the family of network connecting devices
with identical protocols.
 Hubs do not perform packet filtering or addressing functions; they
just send data packets to all connected devices. Hubs operate at the
Physical layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. There
are two types of hubs: simple and multiple port.
 S W I T C H - Similar to a hub, Switches generally have a more
intelligent role than hubs. Maintains limited routing information about
nodes in the internal network, and it allows connections to systems like
hubs or routers.

Switches can read the hardware/Mac addresses of incoming packets

to transmit them to the appropriate destination.
 R O U T E R - is a switching device for networks, which is able to
route network packets, based on their addresses, to other networks or
devices. An intelligent devices, and they store information about the
networks they’re connected to, u ses a Local Area Network or LAN.
For connecting to the Internet, access routers are used, which allow
devices in a local area network to access Internet via DSL, cable,
wireless or ISDN. You can not connect to the internet with just a
router you need a Modem.
 M O D E M - The word "modem" is derived from the term
"modulator-demodulator." is the most important network device and
it is used daily in our life, bring the Internet to your home, Has public
IP address, Uses a wide area network ( WAN ). Can only connect to
one device at a time. You'll need a router if you want to be able to
access the internet from multiple devices.
To modulate an analog carrier signal to carry digital information; and to
demodulate a similar signal so as to decode the digital information from
the analog carrier signal.

 B R I D G E - is used to unite two or more network segments.

Bridges work only at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI
model. Bridges are used to divide larger networks into smaller sections
by sitting between two physical network segments and managing the
flow of data between the two In recent years, bridges are replaced by
switches to provide more functionality.
A bridge functions by blocking or forwarding data, based on the
destination MAC address written into each frame of data. Storing and
forwarding frames between the different segments that the bridge
connects.
 R E P E A T E R - A network devices that amplify or regenerate an
incoming signal before retransmitting it. They are incorporated in
networks to expand its coverage area. They are also known as signal
boosters.
The main function of this device is to reproduce the signal on a similar
network before the signal gets weak otherwise damaged. The significant
point to be noted regarding these devices is that they do not strengthen
the signal. Whenever the signal gets weak, then they reproduce it at the
actual strength. A repeater is a two-port device.
 G A T E W A Y - connect two or more autonomous networks, each
with its own routing algorithms, protocols, topology, domain name
service, and network administration procedures and policies. It also
stores information about the routing paths of the communicating
networks.
Gateways perform all of the functions of routers and more. In fact, a
router with added translation functionality is a gateway. It forms a
passage between two different networks operating with different
transmission protocols.
A C C E S S P O I N T - is a device that creates a wireless local
area network, or WLAN, usually in an office or large building. An
access point connects to a wired router, switch, or hub via an Ethernet
cable, and projects a Wi-Fi signal to a designated area. For example, if
you want to enable Wi-Fi access in your company's reception area but
don’t have a router within range, you can install an access point near
the front desk and run an Ethernet cable through the ceiling back to the
server room.
  SYSTEM UNIT - also known as a "tower" or "chassis,"
contains the main components of a desktop computer. The system
unit also includes the case that houses the internal components of
the computer.

System Unit Components:

 Motherboard  Solid state drive
 Processor / (cpu) (ssd)
 Random access  Video card
memory (ram)
 Hard disk drive (hdd)
 M O T H E R B O A R D - is an important computer component
because it’s what everything else connects to.
It is also called the system board or main board. All other components
are linked to it one way or another. This part includes all the
controllers managing all the standard peripheral devices, such as
mouse, keyboard, the display screen and the disk drive.
The backbone that ties the computer's components together at one spot
and allows them to talk to each other.
 P R O C E S S O R / (C P U) - a small chip located inside the
computer. It is also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Sometimes referred to as a computer’s brain, is the workhorse of the
machine. It performs the calculations needed by a system, and can vary
in speed. The work that a CPU does generates heat, which is why your
computer has a fan inside. Processors can be with pins or pinless.
Is responsible for interpreting most of computer commands. It handles
almost all operations.
 R A M - ( Random Access Memory ) System memory. Whenever
you open up a Microsoft Word window, your computer places it in
RAM, and when you close the window, that RAM is freed. Since RAM
is volatile (temporary), its contents are lost if the machine loses
power. This is why you lose a Word document when the power goes
out if you didn’t save it. The more RAM you have, the more programs
you can run at once. A common cause of slow computers is a lack of
sufficient RAM.
Aims at saving data for short-term use and providing a quick access to
them.
 H D D - ( Hard Disk Drive ) Since RAM is temporary, your computer
needs a place to store data permanently. That’s where the hard drive
comes in. The traditional hard drive consists of several spinning
platters with an arm that physically writes data to the disk. It is a place
where all files and folders are located.

Serves as an instrument for installing and storing the operating

system.
 S S D - (solid-state drive) is a new generation of storage device used
in computers. SSD uses flash-based memory, which is much faster
than a traditional mechanical hard disk. Upgrading to an SSD is one of
the best ways to speed up your computer.

Nonvolatile (permanent). Flash memory to store data.

 V I D E O C A R D - (Graphics Adapter) expansion card connected
to the computer motherboard and displaying the computer outputs on
the screen. Modern Video Cards support HDMI (High Definition
Multimedia Interface) VGA (Video Graphics Array) and DVI (Digital
Visual Interface).
Dedicated unit for handling the output of images to a display.
Additional memory and data for image and video viewing without
limiting the available processing power required for other programs.
 P O W E R S U P P L Y - True to its name, the power supply powers
all other components of the machine. It usually plugs into the
motherboard to power the other parts.

Provides PC with electrical power by converting alternating current

(AC) power into direct current (DC) power.
SOURCES:
 https://www.next7it.com/insights/standard-computer-
components/
 https://blog.qatestlab.com/2018/04/13/system-unit-
components/
 https://techterms.com/definition/system_unit
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-are-gateways-in-
computer-network
 https://www.elprocus.com/what-are-network-devices-and-
their-types/
 https://blog.netwrix.com/2019/01/08/network-devices-
explained/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1z0ULvg_pW8