GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Quarter 2
Name: _____________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 16 Date Answered: ________________

Lesson 16: REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS USING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Learning Objective: The learner will be able to represents real-life situations using
exponential functions (M11GM-Ie-3).

Let’s kick it off!

Definition.
Let 𝑏 be a positive number not equal to 1. A transformation of an exponential function
with base 𝑏 is a function of the form 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏 𝑥−𝑐 + 𝑑 where 𝑎, 𝑐, and 𝑑 are real numbers.

Directions: Evaluate the functions if 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 :

1. 𝑓(2) =

2. 𝑓(−2) =

1
3. 𝑓 (2) =

4. 𝑓(0.4) =

5. 𝑓(𝜋) =

Are you taking it?

Questions:

1. Recall what have you learned from the previous lesson, what is the definition of
exponential function?
___________________________________________________________________

2. What are the most common applications in real-life of exponential functions and their
transformations, at least 3?

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 Here’s how it is!

Many applications of exponential functions involve transformations of their various

functions.
An exponential function with the base 𝑏 is a function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 ,
where (𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1).
In real-life scenarios, the following illustrates an exponential function.
a) Population growth and exponential models can be used to predict population
increase.
- In some cases, scientists will start with a small number of bacteria or animals
and observe how the population grows. If the population doubles every three
days, this can be represented as an exponential function.
- Suppose a quantity 𝑦 doubles every 𝑇 units of time. If 𝑦0 is the initial amount,
then the quantity 𝑦 after 𝑡 units of time is given by 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 (𝟐)𝒕⁄𝑻 .
b) Exponential functions can be used to model radioactive decay.
- The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the
substance to decay.
c) Compound Interest
- A starting amount of money (called the principal) can be invested at a certain
interest rate that is earned at the end of a given period of time (such as one
year). If the interest rate is compounded, the interest earned at the end of the
period is added to the principal, and this new amount will earn interest in the next
period. The same process is repeated for each succeeding period; interest
previously earned will also earn interest in the next period.
- If a principal 𝑃 is invested at an annual rate of 𝑟, compounded annually, then the
amount after 𝑡 years is given by 𝑨 = 𝑷(𝟏 + 𝒓)𝒕 .
d) The Natural Exponential Function
- While an exponential function may have various bases, a frequently used based
is the irrational number 𝑒 ≈ 2.71828.
- The natural exponential function is the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 .

For examples:

Example 1. Suppose a culture of 20 bacteria at Nita’s Farm is put into a Petri dish and the
culture doubles every 100 hours. Give am exponential model for the situation and how many
bacteria will there be after 500 hours?

Solution:
a. Let 𝑦 = number of bacteria
At 𝑡 = 0, 𝑦 = 20
𝑡 = 0, Number of bacteria = 20
𝑡 = 100, Number of bacteria = 20 (2)1
𝑡 = 200, Number of bacteria = 20 (2)2
𝑡 = 300, Number of bacteria = 20 (2)3
𝑡 = 400, Number of bacteria = 20 (2)4

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 An exponential model for this situation is 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎(𝟐)𝒕⁄𝟏𝟎𝟎 .
b. If 𝑡 = 500, then 𝑦 = 20(2)500⁄100, 𝑦 = 20(2)5 , 𝑦 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎. There will be 𝟔𝟒𝟎 bacteria
after 500 hours.

Example 2. Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 10 days and there
are 10 𝑔 initially, determine the amount of substance remaining after 40 days and give an
exponential model for remaining substance.

Solution:
a. Let 𝑡 = time in days
At 𝑡 = 0 Amount of Substance = 10 𝑔
𝑡 = 10 days Amount of Substance = 5 𝑔
𝑡 = 20 days Amount of Substance = 2.5 𝑔
𝑡 = 30 days Amount of Substance = 1.25 𝑔
𝑡 = 40 days Amount of Substance = 0.625 𝑔
𝒕⁄
𝟏 𝟏𝟎
An exponential model for this situation is 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 (𝟐) .
40⁄
1 10 1 4
b. If 𝑡 = 10, then 𝑦 = 10 (2) , 𝑦 = 10 (2) , 𝑦 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓. Therefore, the amount of
substance remaining after 40 days is 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒈.

Example 3. Mr. Reyes invested ₱150,000.00 in YG Company that offers 6% interest

compounded annually. How much will this investment be worth at the end of each year for the
next three years and define an exponential model for this situation?

Solution:
a. Let 𝑡 be the time in years. Then we have:
At 𝑡 = 0 Investment = ₱150,00
𝑡=1 Investment = ₱150,00 (1.06) = ₱159,000
𝑡=2 Investment = ₱159,00 (1.06) = ₱168,540
𝑡=3 Investment = ₱168,540 (1.06) = ₱178,652.40
An exponential model for this situation is 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝟏. 𝟎𝟔)𝒕 .
b. If 𝑡 = 3, then 𝑦 = 150,000(1.06)3, 𝑦 = 𝟏𝟕𝟖, 𝟔𝟓𝟐. 𝟒𝟎. Therefore, after 3 years there
will be ₱𝟏𝟕𝟖, 𝟔𝟓𝟐. 𝟒𝟎.

Example 4. In the Example 3, is it possible for Mr. Reyes to double his money in 10 years? in
15 years?

Solution:
Using the model 𝑦 = 150,000(1.06)𝑡 , substitute 𝑡 = 10 and 𝑡 = 15.
If 𝑡 = 10, then If 𝑦 = 15, then
𝑦 = 150,000(1.06)10 𝑦 = 150,000(1.06)15
𝒚 = 𝟐𝟔𝟖, 𝟔𝟐𝟕. 𝟏𝟓 𝒚 = 𝟑𝟓𝟗, 𝟒𝟖𝟑. 𝟕𝟑
Since his money reached ₱300,000 after 15 years, then he doubled his money during
that time.

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 Now do it!

Directions: Read and understand the situation below, then answer the
questions that follow and write the complete solution. (2 points each)

1. Suppose that Mr. and Mrs. Cruz invested ₱50,000 in an account when their child was
born, to prepare for the child’s college education. If the average interest rate is 4.4%
compounded annually, (a) give an exponential model for the situation, and (b) will the
money be doubled by the time the child turns 18 years old?

2. You take out a ₱20,000 loan from SM Company in a 5% interest rate. If the interest is
compounded annually, (a) give an exponential model for this situation, and (b) how
much will you owe after 10 years?

3. Suppose that the half-life of a substance is 250 years. If there were initially 100 𝑔 of
the substance, (a) give an exponential model for the situation, and (b) how much will
remain after 500 years?

4. A population starts with 1,000 individuals and triples every 80 years. (a) Give an
exponential model for the situation. (b) What is the size of the population after 100
years?

5. Ms. Tiu invested ₱10,000 at 2% compounded annually. (a) Give an exponential model
for the situation. (b) What is the amount after 12 years?

Ace it!

A. Directions: Read and solve the following situation below and write the complete
solution.

1. Teacher Ana deposited an amount of ₱10,000.00 in a bank that pays 5% annual

interest compounded annually.
(a) Write the exponential model for this situation.
(b) How much money will she have in the bank after 3 years.

2. The population of a certain country can be approximated by the function 𝑃(𝑥) =

1,000,000,000 𝑒 0.0251𝑥 where 𝑥 is the number of years. Use this model to get the
approximate number of the population after 10 years.

3. Suppose a culture of 50 bacteria at Tatay’s Farm is put into a Petri dish and the
culture doubles every 10 hours.
(a) Complete the table.
𝒕 0 10 20 30 40
No. of
Bacteria

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 (b) Write the exponential model for the number of bacteria.

(c) How many bacteria will be there after 6 hours?

4. Amirah deposited ₱20,000.00 in ABC Bank that pays 2% compound interest

annually.

(a) Write the exponential model for the given situation.

(b) How much money will she have after 3 years?

5. Suppose that the half-life of a radioactive substance is 10 hours and there are 50
grams initially.

(a) Complete the table.

𝒕 0 10 20 30 40
amount

(b) Write the exponential model for the radioactive substance.

B. Directions: Search on the internet the exponential function of the Corona Virus and
look for the different exponential model at least 3.

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