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(M4s2-Powerpoint) Head Losses

1) This document discusses head losses in pipe flow, which are attributed to pipe friction from fluid particles sliding against each other (major losses), and local disturbances from changes in velocity and flow direction like bends or obstructions (minor losses). 2) Common equations for calculating head losses express the losses in terms of velocity head and include the Darcy-Weisbach, Manning's, and Hazen-Williams formulas. 3) Sample problems are provided to demonstrate calculating head losses for given pipe parameters using the appropriate equations.

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JOSHUA MEYER ANGELES
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128 views14 pages

(M4s2-Powerpoint) Head Losses

1) This document discusses head losses in pipe flow, which are attributed to pipe friction from fluid particles sliding against each other (major losses), and local disturbances from changes in velocity and flow direction like bends or obstructions (minor losses). 2) Common equations for calculating head losses express the losses in terms of velocity head and include the Darcy-Weisbach, Manning's, and Hazen-Williams formulas. 3) Sample problems are provided to demonstrate calculating head losses for given pipe parameters using the appropriate equations.

Uploaded by

JOSHUA MEYER ANGELES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE0021

MODULE #4
FLOW IN CLOSED CONDUITS

• CONTINUITY PRINCIPLE
Head Losses in Pipes
Head Losses in Pipes

In pipe flow problems, losses are attributed to


the following:
1) Pipe friction
- Sliding of fluid particles against each other
2) Local Disturbance
- Changes in the velocity and flow direction
Head Losses in Pipes
Losses mentioned, respectively are further
categorized as major losses and minor losses
1) Major Losses
- Attributed to pipe friction losses
2) Minor Losses
- attributed to local disturbance such as:
a) sudden contraction loss
b) sudden expansion loss
c) obstruction
d) pipe bend loss
Head Losses in Pipes

Equations for head losses are commonly


expressed in terms of the velocity head.
Equations for Head Losses in Pipes
1) Darcy-Weisbach Formula
For Circular Pipes:
fL v2
hf = (General Equation) 0.0826fLQ2
D 2g hf =
D5
where: For non-circular Pipes:
f – friction factor
L – length of pipe D = 4R
D – diameter where:
v – mean velocity Q - discharge
R – hydraulics radius
Equations for Head Losses in Pipes
2) Manning’s Formula
1 2/3 1/2 For Circular Pipes:
v= R S (General Equation)
n 10.29n2LQ2
hf =
where: D16/3
n – roughness coefficient
R – hydraulic radius For non-circular Pipes:
S – slope of the energy grade line D = 4R
hf where:
s= Q - discharge
L R – hydraulics radius
Equations for Head Losses in Pipes
3) Hazen Williams Formula
For Circular Pipes:
v = 0.849C1 R0.63S0.54
(General Equation) 10.67LQ1.85
hf =
C11.85D4.87
where:
C1 – Hazen Williams Coefficient For non-circular Pipes:
D – diameter of pipe
R – hydraulic radius D = 4R
S – slope of E.G.L. = hf/L where:
Q - discharge
R – hydraulics radius
Equations for Head Losses in Pipes
4) Hagen-Poiseuille Equation
(Frictional Loss in Laminar Flow)
32μLv L v2
hf = or hf = f
ρgD2 D 2g
where:

64 vD
f= Re =
Re ν
Problem 5
A pipe is 450mm in diameter, roughness coefficient = 0.012
and Q = 160 lit/sec, find the head loss for a 1800m long
pipe.
Problem 6
Glycerin (SG=1.26 & μ = 1.49 Pa-sec) flows through a
rectangular conduit 300mm by 450mm at a rate of 160
lit/sec.
a) Is the flow laminar or turbulent?
b) Determine the head loss per kilometer length of the
pipe.
Problem 7

The pump draws 20 lit/sec of water from Reservoir A to B


as shown. f = 0.02 for all pipes. Compute the horsepower
delivered by the pump and the pressures at points 1 & 2.
B El. 60m

El. 10m A

200mm –
500m 1
P 2
Problem 8
The total length of pipe connecting the two reservoirs is
100m. The pipe diameter is 250mm and the Hazen-
Williams coefficient is 120. IF Q = 150 lit/sec, determine the
power generated by the turbine if n=85%.

El. 197m 1

2 El. 50m
T

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