The Triangular Trade Introduction: The origins of the African Slave Trade can be traced back to | The Slave Trade: the Age of Exploration in the 15th Century. Europeans had become quite |. Between 10 and 28 milion people akan trom ‘addicted to the luxuries of exotic spices, silks and porcelain that could only | Atica ’be found in Asia. Unfortunately for them, Musiim traders had a complete |» 17 milion Atcans sol ino slavery onthe coast ‘monopoly over the trade routes to the Far East. Unsuccessful in the attempt | ofthe inisn Oceen, the Mace East, nc North to break that monopoly, they started to explore water routes that would ie ‘enable them to bypass the Muslims. The Portuguese took the lead in that {2 milion Aicans taken othe Americas ‘exploration and sent voyages down the west coast of Africa in hopes of enya aap one ap oso aapere aia finding a new route to the source of traded goods. On those voyages they | S#stAtlca no stavery nother pas found a new type of good- human beings. ‘Why did the Slave Trade Begin? Mercantilism in Europe drove European countries to explore the world, establish an empire of colonies, and bring back raw and produced goods to export from the mother country to be used or exported. As European empires expanded to the New World, however, they lacked one major resource - a work force. In most cases the indigenous (native) peoples hhad proved unreliable (most of them were dying from diseases brought over from Europe), and Europeans were unsuited to the climate and suffered under tropical diseases. Alricans, on the other hand, were excellent workers: they often had experience of agriculture and keeping cattle, they were used to a tropical climate, resistant to tropical diseases, and they could be "worked very hard” on plantations or in mines. Was Slavery New to Africa? ‘Africans had been traded as slaves for centuries - reaching Europe via the Islamic-run, trans-Saharan, trade routes. Slaves obtained from the Muslim dominated North African coast however proved to bbe too well educated to be trusted and had a tendency to rebellion Slavery was also a traditional part of African society + various states and kingdoms in Africa operated ‘one or more of the following: chattel slavery, debt. bondage, forced labor, and serfdom, 1. Plot the 8 stages of he Triangular Trade onthe map. ‘What was the Triangular Trade? 2, The Middle Passage involved shipping saves trom © All three stages of the Triangular Trade proved lucrative for merchants, The first stage of the Triangular Trade involved taking manutactured goods from Europe to Attica: cloth, spirit, tobacco, beads, cowrie shells, metal goods, and guns. The guns were used to help expand empires and obtain more slaves (until ‘they were finally used against European colonizers). These goods were exchanged for African slaves. ‘The second stage of the Triangular Trade, The Middle Passage, involved shipping the slaves to the Americas. ‘The third, and final, stage of the Triangular Trade involved the return to Europe with the produce from the slave-labor Plantations: cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses and rum, Who Started the Triangular Trade? For two hundred years, 1440-1640, Portugal had a monopoly on the export of slaves from Africa. Itis notable that they Were also the last European country to abolish the institution - although, like France, i stil continued to work former slaves as contract laborers, which they called libertos or engagés a temps. It is estimated that during the 4 1/2 centuries Of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Portugal was responsible for transporting over 4.5 million Africans (roughly 40% of the total.2 volmany ~ty Hainos \ voluay voluany HiIYON EE) ales Eyo)-3 0 MeL alo] 1s AaWhy enslave Africans? | © Difficult, if not impossible, to enslave Native Americans © Whites tended to feel culturally superior to Africans © Distance of Africa to “New World” tended to make Africans feel disconnected and made it more difficult for them to try to get home. Also they were unfamiliar with the terrain if they did escape © Whites, as Christians, felt an “obligation” to convert blacks to Christianity from their Muslim faith Slave Auctions ~Slaves were better fed /J7O BE SOLD.on board the | |#5 they approached the Tr Ship Bance: (land, on tuefday the 6th | | New World in order to lof May next, at Ajoley-Ferry ; a choice| | Make them more cargo of about 250 fine healcliy “saleable” NEGROES, ~Their bodies were juft arrived fromthe oiled down to make Windward & Rice Coaft. their skin look more —The utmoft care has healthy, and hot tar already been taken, and ira be continacd, to Keep them tre from| | WOuld be used to fill the leaft danger of being infeéted with the imperfections”, such as SMALL-POX, no boat having been on| | SCars from beatings and board, ~~ # res Sopra aniestion with| | whippings on board people from Chale Town prevented. slave ships paces 7 : Id then b ¥.B. Full ove Half of the above Negroes have had the| | ~*Slaves would then be eee nies sold to the highest bidderHow Did the Europeans Obtain the Slaves? Between 1450 and the end of the nineteenth century, slaves were obtained from along the west coast of Africa withthe full and active co-operation of African kings and merchants. (There were occasional military campaigns organized by Europeans to capture slaves, especially by the Portuguese in what is now Angola, but this accounts for only a small percentage of the total.) Who Has the Worst Record for Trading Slaves? During the eighteenth century, when the slave trade accounted for the transport of a staggering 6 milion Africans, Britain was the worst transgressor - responsible for almost 2.5 milion. This is a fact often forgotten by those who regulariy cite Britain's prime role in the abolition of the slave trade, Conditions for the Slaves Slaves were introduced to new diseases and suffered from malnutrition long before they reached the new world. itis suggested ‘that the majority of deaths on the voyage across the Atlantic - the middle passage - occurred during the first couple of weeks and were a result of malnutrition and disease encountered during the forced marches and subsequent interment at slave camps on the coast. Conditions on the slave ships were terible, but the estimated death rate of around 13% is lower than the mortality rate for seamen, officers ‘and passengers on the same voyages. Arrival in the Americas ‘As a result of the slave trade, five times as many Africans arrived in the Americas than Europeans. Slaves were needed (on plantations and for mines and the majority was shipped to Brazil, the Caribbean, and the Spanish Empire. Less than ‘5% traveled to the Northern American States formally held by the British. 1. What was the triangular trade (describe all 3 sides)? 2.What factors led up to and fueled the Triangular Trade? 3, Based on what you learned about the Triangular Trade, how did trade and travel change the world?NAME, Triangular Trade Identifying and Organizing Evidence Exports Imports British colonies (including the West Indies) England Africa Focus Question: How did the thirteen colonies participate in the triangular trade?