Lesson 4

TYPOLOGIES
OF
COMMUNITY
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and
Citizenship
 Differentiate the Typologies of
Objectives Communities. (HUMSS_CSC12IIIa-c-6)
Distinguish between formal and informal
types of communities;
Make a community map of a rural and
urban community; and
Explain local and global communities and
their relationship.
Formal and Informal Communities
 Formal and Informal Communities

An example of a formal community is a business firm, where

people are assigned positions based on their job

descriptions and functions.

One example of an informal organization is a group of

jogging enthusiasts who meet once a week at the city park.
 Social Space is defined as a physical
Social Space or virtual space which members of the
community visit or where they stay.
Some examples of social space
include the social center, online
social media, or other gathering
spaces where people gather or
interact.
Social Space
Some social spaces are owned by
the government, such as town
squares, parks, and beaches.
These are spaces generally open and
accessible to people.
Social Space Private social spaces, on the other
hand, are owned and regulated
regularly, such as shopping malls.
These social spaces may be used by
community residents for their
gatherings or simple recreation
activities.
 Rural-Urban
Communities

Communities may be located in either rural or urban

areas.

These areas have distinct characteristics.

 Rural
Communities
The following are the three general characteristics of rural areas:
a. Population density is found to be low, meaning few people
populate the entire community, and they tend to live far apart from
each other.
 Rural
Communities
b. The area is situated geographically distant from larger urban
areas.
c. Each area typically specializes in a particular form of livelihood,
such as farming.
 Urban
Communities
Characteristics of urban areas are as follows:
a. There is higher population density, with more diverse subgroups
(ethnic, racial cultural, age, sexual orientation)
b. Various industries and businesses are found in the areas.
 Urban
Communities
c. A large portion of people lived in rented apartments or homes.
d. Transportation is readily available although this may be costly
e. Urban areas are highly developed with many buildings and
structures
 Urban
Communities
f. Traffic and noise levels are high in these areas
g. The large population gives rise to close interactions among many
people as well as more intense political involvement among
citizens.
 Community Sectors
There are also various sectors in different communities.

Community sectors are various groups or subdivisions of

the larger community divided based on characteristics

such as political, economic, cultural, and religious beliefs.

 Community Sectors
The various sectors that exist in all communities may be categorized
according to the following sectors with their inclusions:
1. Health -medical and mental health professionals; pharmacists
and pharmacies; hospitals and other in-patient facilities, clinics,
non-traditional health practitioners; public health agencies and
systems
 Community Sectors
2. Education - public and private preschools, K-12 schools,
colleges and universities, school committees, school
administrators, teachers, other educational institution employees;
parents, students, state board of education; adult basic education
(ABE) and English as Second or Other Language (ESOL) programs
 Community Sectors
3. Law Enforcement -the local and state police, the court system-
judges, probation officers, prosecutors, court-appointed defense
lawyers, court-mandated program for offenders.
4. Government - regional, provincial, state, local, and tribal
government bureaucracies, agencies, and officials, both elected
and appointed.
 Community Sectors
5. Business - from the self-employed carpenter to the multinational
corporation with a local facility.
6. Youth - youth themselves (generally viewed as ages 18 and
younger) and those who work directly with them (youth violence
prevention and outreach programs, Big Brother/Big Sister, Boys’
and Girls’ Clubs, scouting, etc.) parents, human service, culture,
and sports/recreation sectors.
 Community Sectors
7. The Media - newspapers and magazines, radio, and TV, vast array of
blogs, videos, online news, and other materials available on the internet.
8. Human Services - non-profit professional and volunteer organizations
that provide free and affordable services such as job training, food,
shelter, elder services, services for individuals with physical or mental
disabilities, support and advocacy for immigrants, among others.
 Community Sectors
9. Religion - places of worship and their members,

religious organizations (e.g. Knights of Columbus, CBCP)

of all faiths, may include the hierarchy of a national church

as well (a Roman Catholic archbishop, for instance)

 Community Sectors
10. Service/Fraternal Organization - the Lions, Masons,

Rotary, Kiwanis, and other local and national or

international service organizations, college

fraternities/sororities or other local and national social

clubs, as well veterans’ organizations and the like.
 Community Sectors
11. Community Activist Volunteer Groups - individuals for or
against political issue, supportive of existing institutions (“Friends
of” the local park, a school playground volunteer corps), oriented
toward economics (groups that volunteer to help non-profit and
small business owners with financial and business plans), or more
generally concerned with the quality of community life (e.g.
organizers of community festivals)
 Community Sectors
12. Culture - artists such as musicians, dancers and
choreographers, writer, actors and directors, designers and visual
artists, as well as arts organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums,
galleries, and those who work as support staff in the arts-
stagehands, cameramen, electricians, set builders, etc. ; regular
consumers and supporters of the arts.
 Community Sectors
13. Housing Development - both public and private non-

profit housing agencies and organizations that provide rent

subsidies and/or affordable housing, as well as developers

who build market-rate and upscale residential and

commercial properties.
 Community Sectors
14. Sports and Recreation - sports clubs, town or county

recreation departments, amateur and professional athletic

associations, public and private sports and recreation

facilities, gyms, coaches, personal trainers, recreation

leaders, and camp directors, as well those who participate
in these groups as athletes, spectators, or supporters.
 Community Sectors
15. The Environment - individual environmentalists, international,
national, and local environmental organizations, conservation land
trusts, recreational hunters and fishermen, rock climbers and
mountaineers, wildlife biologists and botanists, ecologists, hikers,
canoers/kayakers, and other outdoor people, hydrologists (water
specialists), those who make a living from a pristine or carefully-
managed environment.
 Community Sectors
16. Agriculture - confined to rural areas, may also include

dairy farmers, cheesemakers, winemakers and vineyards,

and food processors and packers, including all consumers

of the food produced.
Local and Global Communities
A local community is characterized by close social
integration and physical proximity.

Moreover, a local community is defined as a group of

people sharing the same environment and conditions
intent, belief, resources, preferences, and needs and risks.
Local and Global Communities
These factors may affect the identities of the individuals as well as
the community’s degree of cohesiveness.
In addition, a local community may consist of business operators,
public agency staff, residents with interactions that may include
sharing of resources, information, and assistance.
Local and Global Communities
The global community, on the other hand, is a system
characterized by integration and interaction between individuals
and groups away from each other in time or space or both.
The word “global” refers to the nation of the world considered
closely connected by modern telecommunication, though they are
economically, socially and politically independent (Sebastian,
2009, and dictionary.com)
Local and Global Communities
The domains and certain aspects of the local and global

communities intertwine.

Establishments, programs, and other events that started in

the local setup may eventually grow to have a global

presence, such as the Jollibee fast food chain.
Local and Global Communities

Proposed plans and programs in the local community, when

implemented successfully, may reach the global

community, and gain traction there as well such as outreach

activities, programs during calamities etc.