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DBMS Assignment Supriya Singh

The document provides information on different data models and databases. It compares and contrasts the hierarchical, network, and relational data models. It also compares SQL and NoSQL databases. The hierarchical data model uses a tree structure to organize data with one-to-many relationships. The network model uses directed graphs and allows multiple parents. The relational model organizes data in tables without physical connections and supports one-to-one and one-to-many relationships. SQL databases are relational and use SQL, while NoSQL databases are non-relational with dynamic schemas and scale horizontally.

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39 views

DBMS Assignment Supriya Singh

The document provides information on different data models and databases. It compares and contrasts the hierarchical, network, and relational data models. It also compares SQL and NoSQL databases. The hierarchical data model uses a tree structure to organize data with one-to-many relationships. The network model uses directed graphs and allows multiple parents. The relational model organizes data in tables without physical connections and supports one-to-one and one-to-many relationships. SQL databases are relational and use SQL, while NoSQL databases are non-relational with dynamic schemas and scale horizontally.

Uploaded by

Supriya Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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20th November 2021

DBMS ASSIGNMENT
Supriya Singh
(2K20/UMBA/43)

QUES 1: Compare and Contrast Relational, Network and Hierarchical data


models.
ANS 1:
THE DATA MODEL
Database model shows the logical structure of the database. This includes relationships and
constraints that govern how data is stored and accessed. This helps us to design our database
at the conceptual, physical, and logical levels. Helps in identifying redundant data and the
missing data. This will correctly display all the required data objects in the database.

CONTRASTING OF DATA MODELS

1. Hierarchical Data Model :


The hierarchical data model is the oldest type of data model. Developed by IBM in 1968.
Organize your data into a tree-like structure. The configuration is as follows:

 Contains nodes connected by a branch.


 The top-level node is called the root node.
 If multiple nodes are displayed at the top level, they are sometimes referred to as root
segments.
 Every node has one parent.
 One parent can have many children.
Example of Hierarchical Data Model

 In the above example, Electronics is a root node with two children, a TV and a portable
electronic device.
 These two have other children who act as parents.
 Example: TVs have children as tubes, LCDs, plasmas. For these three children, television
acts as a parent.
 There are too many relationships.

2. Network Data Model:


An enhanced version of the Hierarchical Data Model. Used to organize data using directed
graphs instead of tree structures. This child can have multiple parents. It uses the concept of
two data structures. NS. Record and set.

Example of Network Data Model

 In the above example, Project is a root node with two children, Project1 and Project2.
 Project1 has three children and Project2 has two children.
 There are a total of 5 children in Department A, Department B and Department C.
 As mentioned that this model can have multiple parents, these are network-related
children.
 Department B and Department C have two parents, Project 1 and Project 2.
3. Relational Data Model:
Relational Data Model was developed by EF Codd in 1970. There is no physical connection like a
hierarchical data model. The properties of the relational data model are shown below.

 Data is displayed only in table format.


 Only data, not physical structure.
 Provides information about metadata.
 At the intersection of rows and columns, there is only one tuple value.
 Provides an easy way to handle queries.

Example of Relational Data Model


COMPARISION OF DATA MODELS

Hierarchical Data Network Data Relational Data


Model Model Model
Hierarchy method is used to Use links or pointers to Records are organized in
store data in this model and organize records from the form of tables, and
is the oldest method which each other. relationships between
is not in use in today’s tables are established
scenario. using common fields.

Uses tree structure for Uses directed graphs for Uses tables for organizing
organizing data. organizing data. data.

Implements one-to-one and In addition to 1: 1 and In addition to 1: 1 and 1:


one-to-many relationships. 1: n, there are too many n, there are too many
relationships to relationships to
implement. implement.

Insertion anomaly exits. No insertion anomaly No insertion anomaly


exists. exists.

Deletion anomaly exists. No deletion anomaly No deletion anomaly


exists. exists.

Has lacks data Has partial data Has data independence.


independence. independence.

Access the data that is Access the data that is Access the data that is
complex and asymmetric. complex and complex and symmetric.
symmetric.

&XML and XAML VAX-DBMS, DMS-1100 Mostly used in real world


of UNIVAC and applications. Oracle, SQL.
SUPRADBMS’s
QUES 2: Compare and Contrast SQL and Non-SQL database.
ANS 2:
Many databases are used in today's industry. Some are SQL databases. Some are NoSQL
databases. Traditional databases are SQL database systems that use a tabular relational model
to represent data and its relationships. NoSQL databases are new databases that provide a
different data storage and retrieval mechanism than the tabular relational model used in
relational databases.

COMPARISION OF SQL AND NON-SQL DATABASE

SQL NoSQL
Databases are categorized as Relational NoSQL databases are categorized as Non-
Database Management System (RDBMS). relational or distributed database system.
Have fixed or static or predefined schema. Have dynamic schema.

Display data in form of tables so it is known Display data as collection of key-value pair,
as table-based database. documents, graph databases or wide-column
stores.
Vertically scalable. Horizontally scalable.
Powerful language "Structured Query Collection of documents is used to query the data.
Language" to define and manipulate the It is known as unstructured query language that
data. varies from database to database.

Best suited for complex queries. Not so good for complex queries because these
are not as powerful as SQL queries.

Not best suited for hierarchical data Best suited for hierarchical data storage.
storage.
MySQL, Oracle, Sqlite, PostgreSQL and MS- MongoDB, BigTable, Redis, RavenDB, Cassandra,
SQL etc. are the example of SQL database. Hbase, Neo4j, CouchDB etc. are the example of
nosql database

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