CO-2

Session - 9
Modelling an engineering problem as a first order ordinary differential equation,
growth and decay
Classroom delivery problems
1. The number N of bacteria in a culture grew at a rate proportional to N. The value of N was
initially 100 and increased to 200 in one hour. Determine the value of N after 1.5 hours.
2. The rate at which bacteria multiply is proportional to the instantaneous number present. If
the original number doubles in 2 hours, in how many hours will it be triple.
3. A breeder reactor converts relatively stable uranium-238 into the isotope plutonium-239.
After 15 years it is determined that 0.043% of the initial amount A0 of plutonium has
disintegrated. Find the half-life of this isotope if the rate of disintegration is proportional to
the amount remaining.
Practice Problems
1. A radioactive isotope has an initial mass 200mg, which two years later is 150 mg. Find the
expression for the amount of the isotope remaining at any time. What is its half-life?
2. If 30% of a radioactive substance disappears in 10 days, how long will it take for 90% to
disappear.
3. A zircon sample contains 4000 atoms of the radioactive element 235U. Given that 235U
has a half‐ life of 700 million years, how long would it take to decay to 125 atoms?
Session - 10
Modelling an engineering problem as a first order ordinary differential equation,
Newtons law of cooling
Classroom delivery problems
1. Water cools from 750C to 650C in 10 minutes. If the temperature of the atmosphere is
250C, find it’s temperature after 20 minutes. Also find when the temperature will be 550C.
2. If the air temperature is 200C and the body cools for 20 minutes from 1400C to 800C, find
it’s temperature after 40 minutes. Also find when the temperature will be 350C.
3. In a murder investigation, a corpse was found by a detective at exactly 8 P.M. Being alert,
the detective also measured the body temperature and found it to be 700F. Two hours later,
the detective measured the body temperature again and found it to be 60 0F. If the room
temperature is 500F, and assuming that the body temperature of the person before death
was 98.60F, at what time did the murder occur?
Practice Problems
1. Let us take soda from the refrigerator, let it warm for half an hour, then record its
temperature. Let it warm for another half an hour and record its temperature again.
 Suppose that the readings are T (1/2) = 450F and T (1) = 550F. Assuming that the room
temperature is 700F, Determine the temperature inside the refrigerator?
2. A body originally at 800C cools down to 600C in 20 minutes; the temperature of the air is
400C. Determine the temperature of the body after 40 minutes from the original?
3. A cheesecake is taken out of the oven with an ideal internal temperature of 165 0F, and is
placed into a 350F refrigerator. After 10 minutes, the cheesecake has cooled to 1500F. If
we must wait until the cheesecake has cooled to 700F before we eat it, how long will we
have to wait?
Session-11
LCR CIRCUITS WITH OUT/WITH E.M.F.
Classroom delivery problems
1. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t = 0.01 s when
inductance 1 H, resistance 5, capacitance (1/6) F, Electromotive force (EMF) is 0 V,
q (0) =3 C, and i (0) =0 A.
2. Compute the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t when inductance 3H,
resistance 15, capacitance (1/12) F, E(t)= 0 V, q (0) =1C, and i (0) =2 A.
3. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at when inductance 1 H,
resistance 13 ohms, capacitance 0.025 F, E(t)= e4t V, q (0) =5 C, and i (0) =0 A.
4. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t when inductance 1 H,
resistance 10, capacitance 0.04 F, E (t) = cos3t V, q (0) =5 C, and i(0) =0 A.
5. Determine the charge in an LC series circuit when inductance 1 H, capacitance 0.25 F, and
E (t) = Sin(t+5) V.
Practice Problems
1. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t when inductance 1 H,
resistance 2 and capacitance (1/37) F, E(t)= 0 V, q(0) =2 C, and i(0) =0 A.
2. Determine charge q and current i in the LRC circuit with inductance 1H, resistance 12
ohms, capacitance (1/35)F, E(t)=2, and the initial conditions are q(0)=1, i(0)=0
3. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at when inductance 1 H,
resistance 7, capacitance 0.1 F, E(t)= et V, q (0) =2 C, and i(0) =0 A.
4. Determine charge q in the LRC circuit with inductance 2H, resistance 34 ohms,
capacitance (1/144) F, E(t) = cosht, and the initial conditions are q (0) = 0, i (0)=1.

Session-12
Solution of oscillations of a mass spring system.
 Classroom delivery problems
d2 x dx
1. The motion of a mass on a certain vertical spring is described by + 8 dt + 15x =
dt2

2 sint where x is the distance of the mass from the equilibrium position, downward being
taken as positive direction. Determine the displacement of the motion, if , x (0) = 1,
x ′ (0) = 0,
d2 x dx
2. The motion of a mass on a certain vertical spring is described by + 3 dt + 2x = e2t +
dt2

1, x (0) = 0, x ′ (0) = 2, where x is the distance of the mass from the equilibrium position,
downward being taken as positive direction. Determine the displacement of the motion.
Practice Problems
1. The motion of a mass spring system without damping is described by the I.V.P

d 2x dx
+4 + 4 x = 4 cos 2t , x(0) = 0, x(0) = 1 , where x is the distance of the mass from the
2 dt
dt
equilibrium position, downward being taken as positive direction. Determine the
displacement of the motion.
d2 x dx
2. The motion of a mass on a certain vertical spring is described by + 16 dt + 64x =
dt2

0 where x is the distance of the mass from the equilibrium position, downward being taken
as positive direction. Determine the displacement of the motion, if x (0) = 1, x ′ (0) = 0,
Session-13
Laplace transforms and their properties
Classroom delivery problems
1. Determine L[(2t − 5)2 ]
2. Evaluate the Laplace Transform of cos2 t .
3. Evaluate the Laplace Transform of L [cos4t. sin2t].
4. Evaluate the Laplace transform of t. sin at
5. Evaluate the Laplace Transform of e−3t (2cos5t − 3sin5t)
Practise Problems
1. Determine L [e2t + 3e−5t ].
2. Determine L[sinh 6t + 3 e−5t + cos5t].
3. Determine L[e−2t sinh t]
4. Apply the first shifting property and determine L[t 2 e−2t ]

Session - 14
Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties
 Classroom delivery problems
1
1. Evaluate the Inverse Laplace Transform of (s2 −9)
1
2. Evaluate the Inverse Laplace Transform of (s−4)2 +1
1
3. Evaluate L−1 [(s+1)(s+3)]
s
4. Evaluate L−1 [s2+4s+13]
s
5. Apply Convolution theorem, to evaluate L−1 [(s2+a2)(s2+b2)].
1
6. Evaluate the inverse Laplace transform of (s+1)(s2+1) by Convolution theorem.

Practice Problems
1 1 s
1. Evaluate L−1 [s−3 + s + s2−4]
2s+3
2. Evaluate L−1 [s2−4s+13]
1
3. Apply Convolution theorem, Evaluate the Inverse Laplace transform of .
s(s2 +a2 )

SESSION - 15
Apply Laplace Transform method to solve ODE
Classroom delivery problems
1. Apply Laplace transform method to solve the initial value problem y ″ + y = 0 given
that y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 0.
2. Solve the differential equation y ′′ + 4y ′ + 5y = et , y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 2 by Laplace
Transform method.
3. Solve the differential equation using Laplace transform y ′′ + 2y ′ + 2y = 5 sin t,
y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 0.
4. Determine charge q and current i in the LRC circuit with inductance 1H, resistance 8
ohms, capacitance (1/16) F, E(t)=0, and the initial conditions are q (0) = 0, i (0)=1 by
applying Laplace transform method.
5. If x is the distance of the mass from the equilibrium position, downward being taken as
positive direction the motion of a mass spring system is described by the O.D.E

d 2x dx
−7 + 12 x = e2t , x(0) = 0, x(0) = 1 ,then determine the displacement of the motion by
2 dt
dt
applying Laplace transforms method.
Practice Problems
1. Apply Laplace transform method to solve the initial value problem
(D2 − D − 2)y = 20 sin2t where y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 2.
2. Solve the differential equation y ′′ − 3y ′ + 2y = 4, where y(0) = 2; y ′ (0) = 3 by
Laplace Transform method.
3. Solve the differential equation y ′′ + 4y ′ + 3y = et , where y(0) = 2; y ′ (0) = 3 by
Laplace Transform method.
4. Determine charge q and current i in LRC series circuit when inductance 1 H, resistance 6
ohms and capacitance 1/5 F, E(t)= e2t V, q(0) =1 C, and i(0) =3 A by applying Laplace
transforms.