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Virtual Work Method (Trusses)

The document provides information and calculations to solve four problems using the method of virtual work to determine displacements in truss structures. Problem 1 calculates the vertical displacement of Joint B as 11.256 mm. Problem 2 finds the vertical displacement at Point D as 9.293 mm. Problem 3 determines the horizontal displacement of Joint B as -0.734 mm. Problem 4 solves for the vertical displacement of Joint A as 81.889 mm.

Uploaded by

Angela Christine Densing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
145 views

Virtual Work Method (Trusses)

The document provides information and calculations to solve four problems using the method of virtual work to determine displacements in truss structures. Problem 1 calculates the vertical displacement of Joint B as 11.256 mm. Problem 2 finds the vertical displacement at Point D as 9.293 mm. Problem 3 determines the horizontal displacement of Joint B as -0.734 mm. Problem 4 solves for the vertical displacement of Joint A as 81.889 mm.

Uploaded by

Angela Christine Densing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared by:

Engr. Kenny B. Cantila


Apply a unit load

If the displacement is positive, therefore the unit load is applied in the


same direction with the displacement.
Problem 1: Use the method of virtual work and determine the vertical
displacement of Joint B of the Truss. Each steel member has a cross-
sectional area of 300 mm2. E = 200 GPa
Calculate of Reactions (Based on Actual Load):
Cy

Support Reactions:
Cx
∑Fy = 0
Cy − 80 = 0
𝐂𝐲 = 𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍

∑MA = 0
80 4 = Cx 6
𝐂𝐱 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍

∑Fx = 0
Ax = Cx Ax
𝐀 𝐱 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍
Calculate of Internal Forces (Based on Actual Load):

∑Fx = 0 ∑Fx = 0
4 4
Ax − FAB =0 FBC − Cx = 0
5 5
5 5
FAB = (Ax ) FBC = (Cx )
4 4
5 5
FAB = (53.33) FBC = (53.33)
4 4
𝐅𝐀𝐁 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍 (𝐂) 𝐅𝐁𝐂 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍 (𝐓)

y y
∑Fy = 0
3 x x
FAC − FAB =0 FAC
5 Cx
3 FBA
FAC = (FAB )
5
3 FBC
FAC = (66.67)
5
𝐅𝐀𝐂 = 𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍 (𝐓) Ax FAC
Calculate of Reactions (Based on Virtual Load):
Cy

Support Reactions:
Cx
∑Fy = 0
Cy − 1 = 0
𝐂𝐲 = 𝟏 𝐤𝐍

∑MA = 0
1 4 = Cx 6
𝐂𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍 1 kN

∑Fx = 0
Ax = Cx Ax
𝐀 𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐤𝐍
Calculate of Internal Forces (Based on Actual Load):

∑Fx = 0 ∑Fx = 0
4 4
Ax − FAB =0 FBC − Cx = 0
5 5
5 5
FAB = (Ax ) FBC = (Cx )
4 4
5 5
FAB = (0.667) FBC = (0.667)
4 4
𝐅𝐀𝐁 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍 (𝐂) 𝐅𝐁𝐂 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍 (𝐓)

y y
∑Fy = 0
3 x x
FAC − FAB =0 FAC
5 Cx
3 FBA
FAC = (FAB )
5
3 FBC
FAC = (0.833)
5
𝐅𝐀𝐂 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐍 (𝐓) Ax FAC
P p L A E PpL
Member ∆B =
(N) (unitless) (mm) (mm2) (MPa) AE
AB – 66,667 – 0.833 5,000 300 200,000 + 4.628
BC + 66,667 + 0.833 5,000 300 200,000 + 4.628
AC + 40,000 + 0.500 6,000 300 200,000 + 2.000

PpL
Total vertical displacement at joint B (mm) : = + 11.256
AE
Problem 2: Determine the vertical displacement at point D of the truss
shown below. The properties of materials are given.

30 kN D
C
40 kN
3m

A B

4m 4m

L A E
Member
(mm) (mm2) (MPa)
AB 4,000 1,500 150,000
AC 5,000 1,200 200,000
BC 3,000 1,500 150,000
BD 5,000 1,200 200,000
CD 4,000 1,500 150,000
160
30 kN kN D
C 3
40 kN
Actual Load 125
kN
2
A 160 B
30 kN kN
3

62.5 kN 102.5 kN

4
D
C 3
1
Virtual Load 1

A 4 B
3

1 2
P p L A E PpL/AE
Member
(N) (unitless) (mm) (mm2) (MPa) (mm)
AB – 53,333 – 4/3 4,000 1,500 150,000 + 1.264
AC +104,167 + 5/3 5,000 1,200 200,000 + 3.617
BC – 62,500 –1 3,000 1,500 150,000 + 0.833
BD – 66,667 – 5/3 5,000 1,200 200,000 + 2.315
CD + 53,333 + 4/3 4,000 1,500 150,000 + 1.264
PpL
= + 9.293
AE
Problem 3: Determine the horizontal displacement of joint B of the truss
shown below. Each member has a cross-sectional area of 400 mm2 and
modulus of elasticity E = 200 GPa. Use method of virtual work.

5 kN

4 kN C
B

3m

D
A

4m
5 kN

4 kN 4 kN
B C

Actual Load 0 2 kN

4 kN D
A 4 kN

3 kN 2 kN

1 1
B C

Virtual Load 0 0.75

1 D
A 1

0.75 0.75
P p L A E PpL/AE
Member
(N) (unitless) (mm) (mm2) (MPa) (mm)
AB 0 0 3,000 400 200,000 0
AC – 5,000 + 1.25 5,000 400 200,000 – 0.390
AD + 4,000 – 1.00 4,000 400 200,000 – 0.200
BC + 4,000 – 1.00 4,000 400 200,000 – 0.200
CD – 2,000 – 0.75 3,000 400 200,000 + 0.056
PpL
= – 0.734
AE
Problem 4: Determine the vertical displacement of joint A of the truss
shown below. Each member has a cross-sectional area of 100 mm2 and
modulus of elasticity E = 200 GPa. Use method of virtual work.

D E

3m

A B C

4m 4m
20 kN 40 kN 20 kN
80 kN

D 80 E 320
kN kN
3 3
Actual Load
20 kN 20 kN

80 B 320 C 320
A kN kN kN
3 3 3

20 kN 40 kN 20 kN
1

D 4 E 8
Virtual Load 3 3

1 0

4 B 8 C 8
A
3 3 3
1
P p L A E PpL/AE
Member
(N) (unitless) (mm) (mm2) (MPa) (mm)
AB – 26,667 – 1.333 4,000 100 200,000 + 7.111
AD + 33,333 + 1.667 5,000 100 200,000 + 13.889
BC – 106,667 – 2.667 4,000 100 200,000 + 56.889
BD – 20,000 – 1.000 3,000 100 200,000 + 3.000
BE + 100,000 + 1.667 5,000 100 200,000 + 41.667
CE + 20,000 0 3,000 100 200,000 0.000
DE + 26,667 + 1.333 4,000 100 200,000 + 7.111
PpL
= +129.667
AE
Problem 5: Determine the vertical displacement of joint D of the truss
shown below. Each member has a cross-sectional area of 300 mm2 and
modulus of elasticity E = 200 GPa. Use virtual work method.

20 kN 30 kN
A 3m B 3m C

4m
D

E
10 20 kN 30 kN
A B C
60 45.00 45.00

−20

D Units are in kN
40

60
E
0.5

A B C
0.75 0 0

D
0.5
1

0.75
E
P p L A E PpL/AE
Member
(N) (unitless) (mm) (mm2) (MPa) (mm)
AB + 45,000 0 3,000 300 200,000 0
AD + 18,028 + 0.901 3,606 300 200,000 + 0.976
BC + 45,000 0 3,000 300 200,000 0
BD – 20,000 0 2,000 300 200,000 0
CD – 54,083 0 3,606 300 200,000 0
DE – 72,111 – 0.901 3,606 300 200,000 + 3.905
PpL
= + 4.881
AE

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