NAVAL ORGANIZATION 1947 - Philippine Naval Patrol

1951 - Philippine Navy

THE PHILIPPINE NAVY
PHILIPPINE NAVY
FOUR-FOLD MISSION:
Major Type Commands
1. National Defense
2. Security Operations Philippine Fleet
3. Deterrence
✓Home of the sailors
4. National Development
✓Home of the fighting ships
Navy’s Role: ✓Has major units namely: Offshore
1. The Navy shall defend the
Combat Force,
territory from external aggression.
Sealift Amphibious, Littoral Combat
2. The Navy shall continue its role of
Force and Fleet
securing the Philippine maritime
Support Group and special units,
areas from all forms of intrusions,
NAG, NAVSOG and FTDC
encroachment, piracy and drug
trafficking. Mission: “To prepare and operate
3. The Navy shall assist other assigned forces for naval operations
government agencies in protecting in order to support the PN
our marine resources and accomplish its mission.”
environment. Philippine Marine Corps
4. The Navy shall continue to assist ✓Rapid deployment
in the conduct of rescue and relief ✓Amphibious strike force
operations not only during accidents ✓Small but highly mobile
at sea but even during natural
✓Hard-hitting
calamities in land such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and ✓Superbly trained
floods. Mission: “To provide combined
5. The Navy shall continue assisting armed units in the conduct of
in national socio-economic amphibious warfare and such
development. other operations in order to
6. The Navy, as it acquires new and accomplish the mission of the
more potent assets, will be an Philippine Navy.”
effective instrument of the Support Commands
government in fulfilling various Naval Sea Systems Command
security-related international (NSSC)
commitments. Naval Education Training and
History: Doctrine Command (NETDC)
1898 - The Philippine Revolutionary Naval Reserve Command (NRC)
Navy Naval Construction Engineering
1939 - The Off Shore Patrol Brigade (NCEBde)
Naval Installation Command THE PHILIPPINE FLEET
(NIC)
MISSION
Support Units
“To prepare and operate assigned
Naval Intelligence and
Security Force (NISF)
Philippine Navy Finance
Center (PNFC)
Naval Logistics Center (NLC)
BonifacioNaval Station (BNS)
Manila Naval Hospital
(MNH)
Cavite Naval Hospital (CNH)
Headquarters Philippine
Navy and Headquarters
Support Group (HPN& HSG)
VADM GIOVANNI CARLO J forces for naval operations in order
BACORDO PN to support the PN accomplish its
(Flag officer-in-command) mission.”
Highest Naval Officer. He executes FUNCTIONS
the command functions in relation to 1. To provide assets that will
Naval strategy, tactics and conduct continuous naval patrol, sea
operations. He also act as the control and amphibious operations in
immediate advisor to the Chief of order to defend the sovereignty of
Staff, AFP. He is responsible for the country, its territorial waters and
the planning development and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)
execution of Naval Defense in the from foreign aggression, intrusion
country. and exploitation.
MGEN DANTE M HIDALGO PN(M) 2. To assist in the conduct of
(vice commander) national security operations and
He is the Deputy Commander of the ensure safety and security of coastal
Navy. He assists the FOIC and areas.
performs functions in his absence. 3. Employ assets to assist in the
conduct of disaster response,
RADM ADELUIS S BORDADO PN particularly maritime search and
(chief of naval staff) rescue and patrol sealift and other
He exercises general supervision type of operations as directed.
over the central staff, special and
technical staff and perform other
duties that the FOIC may assign.
 2. No matter what his rank is, he is
called “Captain”
3. He is charge with absolute
responsibility for the safety, well
being and efficient operation of his
command.
4. His specific duties, responsibilities
and authority are set forth in the
AFP and PN regulations, customs
and traditions of naval service.
The Executive Officer:
1. Designated second in command of
the ship.
2. In the absence of the CO, he
becomes the acting CO and he must
be prepared to assume command.
3. Primarily responsible for the
administration of the ship and
personnel, overall training, daily
routine, and the maintenance of good
order and discipline in the entire
Ship’S organization command.

4. The entire department heads

report to him for all matters
The Commanding Officer: pertaining to the internal
administration of the command.
1. A line officer who, by virtue of his
training and experience is assigned Operations Officer:
by the FOIC, PN with a responsibility
to command a ship.
1. Responsible under the or designated, whose duties are
Commanding Officer for the indicated, reports to the
collection, evaluation and
Engineering Officer:
dissemination of combat and
a. Damage Control Officer - He is
operational information required for
responsible for prevention and
the assigned mission and tasks of the
control of damage including control
ship.
of stability, list and trim; placing the
2. The following officers, if assigned
ship in proper condition of closure as
or designated, whose duties are
ordered by the CO; coordination and
indicated, reports to the Operations
supervision of compartment tests
Officer:
for tightness; maintenance of bills
a. Combat Information Center (CIC)
for control of stability; posting of
Officer - He is responsible for the
correct compartment check-off
collection and dissemination of
list; training of ship's personnel in
combat and operational information;
damage control including fire
operation, care and maintenance of
fighting, and emergency repairs; and,
equipment CIC equipment except
operation, care and maintenance of
those assigned to other officers;
auxiliary machinery piping and
training of CIC personnel; and,
drainage systems, shop repair
control of aircraft, when assigned.
facilities and the repair of hull and
b. Communications Officer - He is
boats.
responsible for supervising the
b. Repair Officer - He is responsible
receipt, transmission and routing of
for planning, scheduling,
ship's messages; operation and
accomplishing and inspecting works
maintenance of visual and electronic
to ensure its timely and satisfactory
communications equipment; proper
completion; establishment of an
handling and control of all
adequate job order system; and,
registered publications; and, the
preparation of estimated funds
maintenance of communications
required for work to be performed.
security which includes crypto,
transmission and physical security. Deck Officer (First Lieutenant):
Engineering Officer: 1. He is responsible for the
preservation and cleanliness of the
1. Responsible to the Commanding
exterior of the ship except that part
Officer for the operation, care and
assigned to another department;
maintenance of all propulsion and
operation, care and maintenance of
auxiliary equipment; the control of
the ground tackle, mooring lines and
damage; and the accomplishment of
related equipment, ship's boats,
repairs.
except boat machinery, and of the
2. The following officers, if assigned
life rafts and other lifesaving
equipment; towing gears and
equipment, rigging, gangways, Officer for procuring, receiving,
fueling and provisioning at sea gears storing, issuing, shipping,
and other deck appurtenances transferring, accounting and while in
2. He is also responsible for the his custody, maintaining all stores,
preservation of equipment related to provisions and equipment of the
deck seamanship including those command.
involved in loading and unloading
Chief Master-at-Arms (CMAA):
operations; planning and execution
of deck seamanship evolutions and 1. Assists the OOD in the execution
operations including anchoring, of ship's routine including
mooring, fueling and replenishment responsibility for crew turning out
at sea; promptly at all hands evolutions and
3. He supervises loading, unloading reveille, supervising the control of
and stowage of cargo; and, standing lights, maintaining silence
supervising operation of paint, sail after taps, handling of liberty parties
and boatswain's lockers as well as leaving the ship or returning aboard
garbage disposal. and in the processing of all newly
reported personnel;
Gunnery Officer:
2. Supervises extra duty men and
1. He is responsible for the conduct men performing punishments, the
of gunfire; operation, care and rigging and unrigging for church,
maintenance of all guns including movies and other special functions
designation and fire control and the preparation of delinquency
equipment and associated ordnance; reports; maintains a lucky bag;
and, training of gunnery personnel furnishes escorts for the CO, EXO
and gun crews. and visitors as directed; renders 8
2. If no other officer is assigned or o'clock reports if not designated to
designated, the Deck/Gunnery BMW or DPOW;
Officer performs the following
collateral duties:
a. Cargo Officer
b. Special Service Officer
c. AthleticOfficer
Mess and Supply Officer:
In large ships, the Mess and Supply
Department maybe organized
separately and would have officers
assigned to perform each function.
The Mess and Supply Officer is 3. Ensures the safety and welfare of
responsible to the Commanding prisoners at the brig, frequent
inspections of the ship, that ship's
regulations and instructions all activities relating to marlinespike,
pertaining visitors are adhered to deck and boat seamanship, and the
and the presence of masters-at- maintenance of the ship’s external
arms at all mess lines, pay lines, structure and deck equipment. They
store lines, captain's masts and act as petty officers in charge of
courts-martial, at scenes of small craft and may perform duties
emergencies and other official as master-at arms, serve in or take
gathering of personnel. charge of gun crews and damage
control parties.
Philippine Navy Ranks, Rates,
ratings and insignias
Terminologies
Rating – is a term used in the Navy
to identify an occupational specialty
that is based on aptitude, training,
experience, knowledge and skills of
an individual.
Rate – is the term used to identify
the level of achievement and
expertise within the individual’s
rating. Rate may also be called GM - Gunner’s Mate
paygrade within a rating. (CROSSED CANNONS)
Rank – is the combined rate and Navy GMs operate, maintain and
rating of an individual. repair all gunnery equipment,
Unrated/Non-rated/Unclassified – a guided-missile launching systems,
term used to identify an individual rocket launchers, guns, gun mounts,
who has not yet been classified for turrets, projectors and associated
a particular rating. His rank would equipment. They make detailed
carry an initial (UN). casualty analyses and repairs of
Ex: ASN(UN) electrical, electronic, hydraulic and
Striker – a term that applies to an mechanical systems. They also test
individual in the paygrade E1 to E3. and inspect ammunition, missiles and
Petty Officer – a term that applies to their ordnance components. GMs
an individual in the paygrade E4 to train and supervise personnel in the
E7 handling and stowage of ammunition,
missiles and assigned ordnance
PN enlisted rating structures equipment.
BM - Boatswain’s Mate QM – Quartermaster
(CROSSED ANCHORS) SHIP’S HELM
BMs train and supervise personnel in QMs assist the navigator and officer
of the deck (OOD), steer the ship, CROSSED KEYS
take radar bearings and ranges, SKs are the Navy’s supply clerks.
make depth soundings and celestial They see that needed supplies are
observations, plot courses and available including everything from
command small craft. Additionally, clothing and machine parts to forms
they maintain charts, navigational and food. SKs have duties as civilian
aids and oceanographic publications warehousemen, purchasing agents,
and records for the ship’s log. stock clerks and supervisors, retail
reports. They maintain files sales clerks, store managers,
and service records. inventory clerks, buyers, parts
ET - Electronics Technician clerks, bookkeepers and even fork
lift operators.
HELIUM ATOM
ETs are responsible for electronic YN – Yeoman
equipment used to send and receive
CROSSED QUILLS
messages, detect enemy planes and
YNs perform secretarial and clerical
ships, and determine target
work. They deal with visitors,
distances. They must maintain,
telephone calls and incoming mail.
repair, calibrate, tune and adjust all
YNs organize files and operate copy
electronic equipment used for
machines and order and distribute
communications, detection and
supplies. They write and type
tracking, recognition and
business and social letters, notices,
identification, navigation and
directives, forms and reports. They
electronic countermeasures.
maintain files and service records.
DK - Disbursing Clerk DT - Dental Technician
KEY ON CHECK D ON CADUCEUS
DKs maintain the financial records of Navy dentists, like many civilian
Navy personnel. They prepare ones, are assisted by dental
payrolls, determine transportation technicians. DTs have a variety of
entitlements, compute travel “chairside,” laboratory and
allowances and process claims administrative duties. Some are
for reimbursement of travel qualified in making and fitting
expenses. DKs also process artificial teeth; dental X-ray
vouchers for receiving and techniques; clinical laboratory
spending public money and ensure required.
accounting data is accurate. They
HM - Hospital Corpsman
maintain fiscal records and prepare
financial reports and returns. CADUCEUS
SK – Storekeeper HMs assist medical professionals in
providing health care to service
people and their families. They serve
as pharmacists, medical technicians, including winches and hoists,
food service personnel, nurse’s aids, condensers and heat exchange
physician’s or dentist’s assistants, devices. Shipboard MRs frequently
battlefield medics, X-ray technicians operate main propulsion machinery,
and more. An HM’s work falls into besides performing machine shop
several categories: first aid and and repair duties
minor surgery, patient
BU – Builder
transportation, patient care,
prescriptions and laboratory work, CARPENTER’S SQUARE ON
food service inspections and clerical PLUM BON
duties. Navy builders are like civilian
EM - Electrician’s Mate construction workers. They are
skilled carpenters, plasterers,
GLOVE WITH LONGITUDE,
roofers, cement finishers, asphalt
LATITUDES AND LINES
workers, masons, painters,
The operation and repair of a ship’s bricklayers, sawmill operators or
or station’s electrical power plant cabinetmakers. BUs build and repair
and electrical equipment is the all types of structures including:
responsibility of EMs. They also piers, bridges, towers, underwater
maintain and repair power and installations, schools, offices, houses
lighting circuits, distribution and other buildings.
switchboards, generators, motors PH - Photographer’s Mate
and other electrical equipment. PHs photograph actual and simulated
battle operations and make photo
EN – Engineman
records of historic and newsworthy
GEAR events for the Navy. They expose
Internal combustion engines, diesel and process light-sensitive
or gasoline, must be kept in good negatives and positives, maintain
order. This is the responsibility of cameras, related equipment, photo
ENs. They also maintain files and records and perform other
refrigeration, air-conditioning, photographic services for the Navy.
distilling plant engines and
AD - Aviation Machinist’s Mate
compressors.
Usually, ADs are assigned to billets
MR - Machinery Repairman
concerned with maintaining turbo-jet
MICROMETER AND GEAR aircraft engines and associated
MRs are skilled machine tool equipment or to any one of several
operators. They make replacement types of aircraft maintenance
parts and repair or overhaul a ship’s activities. ADs maintain, service,
engine auxiliary equipment, such as adjust and replace aircraft engines
evaporators, air compressors and and accessories, as well as perform
pumps. They repair deck equipment, the duties of flight engineers.
 2. Honors to the Flag
a. Colors – paying honors to the flag;
hoisted in the morning and lowered
in the afternoon.
a. For ships not underway and Shore
Commands:
Sunrise – Morning Colors
Sunset – Evening Colors
b. For ships underway:
National ensign is raised/lowered at
the mast; the jack flag is not raised.
Shifting colors:
When ship leaves the pier or weighs
her anchor, shifts the National
Ensign from the flag gaff to mast.
The national Ensign is then
called steaming ensign. Jack Flag is
lowered at the same time.
When ship arrives at the pier or
anchors: Shifts the National from
NAVAL CUSTOMS AND mast to flag gaff. Jack flag is raised
TRADITIONS at the same time.
Honors b. Honors Rendered by Merchant
1. Salute Ships
(Dipping):
➢ The purpose for this Merchant ships salute navy ships by
movement, is to demonstrate dipping their ensign. Navy Ships
mutual respect and courtesy respond by lowering the steaming
between members of military ensign to half-mast for a few
organizations and to show seconds then close it up.
respect to National Colors After which, the merchant ship may
➢ There are one counts raise again her flag
involved with this movement.
c. Passing Honors: honors exchange
➢ This movement is between two ships or boats when
executed when halted at comes close aboard (Distance :
Attention, marching at Quick Ships: 600 yds
Time, or seated in a vehicle. Boats: 400 yds)
➢ commands for this Ships/boats who’s Commanding
movement are “ HAND, Officer/Boat Captain is junior in rank
SALUTE”, “READY,TWO” renders passing honors to
Commanding Officer/Boat Captain • When boarding in-group – only the
Senior in rank. one in charge shall render salute.
Other honors Customs
• The arrival/departure of the ship’s Crossing the Nest:
Captain is usually announced at the Usually done when your ship is in
PA system. He is always piped when nest with other ships:
he boards or leaves the ship Boarding: Salute the colors and OOD
•Nobody is allowed to sit in the of inboard ship Say “Request
Captain’s Chair at the bridge unless Permission to cross” until you reach
offered. your own ship
•In boarding the ship, Junior goes
Half Masting:
first. In disembarking, senior goes
Tribute to the dead.
first.
Basic Rule for Boats and Vehicles:
•Navy Officers eat in the place called
“SENIORS ARE LAST IN, FIRST
“Wardroom”
OUT”
•Side boys are detailed in the quarter
Divine Services:
deck to welcome a distinguished
•Church pennant is flown at the mast
visitor:
•All persons within the area are
CAPT AND BELOW – 4 side boys
required to uncover including
COMMO TO REAR ADMIRAL – 6 side
watches
boys
Sick Bay:
VICE ADMIRAL UP – 8 side boys
Observe Wardroom Etiquette
Customs Officers and CPO Country:
Bridge Customs: Bridge is the center Includes staterooms, mess hall for
of operations of the ship while CPO’s, wardroom and living spaces:
underway. If CO is present, •EP are not allowed to enter unless
appropriate greetings must be on official business.
rendered. •NOT used as passageways or
Procedure in Entering/Leaving the shortcuts At the Mess Hall:
Ship:
Naval terms and phraseologies
• At the gangway – if the National
ensign is flying, turn aft before •Aye-Aye- a reply to an order to
getting aboard and salute the ensign. indicate that it is understood and will
Upon boarding, before striking the be carried out
ship’s deck, render another •Billet allotted sleeping place: also a
salute to the OOD or his/her man s location in the ships
representative by saying organization
“Request permission to come aboard •Black Gang- slang for the
Sir.” For disembarking, it is done in a engineering force
reverse manner. •Bear Hand- cooperation among the
ship s company
•All Hands- entire ship’s company
•Boot-slang for new recruit
•Coxswain- enlisted men in charge
of a boat
•Field day- general cleaning day
aboard ship, usually a day before
inspection
•Flag Officer- an officer with the
rank of COMMODORE and above
•Gangway- opening in the bulwarks:
order to stand a while and get out of
way
•General Quarters- battle station for
all hands
•Java-slang for coffee time
•Jump ship-slang for leaving the ship
without authority/permission
•Lucky bag-stowage of article found
adrift
•Passageway- corridor
•Pipe down- an order to keep silent
•Pass the word- to repeat an order
or information to the crew
•Sea dog- an old sailor
•Sea lawyer- an enlisted men who
likes to argue; usually one who
thinks he can twist the regulations
and standing order to favor his
personal inclinations
•Skag-slang for cigarettes
•Ship-shape-term for a neat and
orderly condition
•Sickbay-ships hospital or SEAMANSHIP
dispensary
•Skippy-slang for undershirt Marlinespike Seamanship is the art
•Secure- to make fast; to tie; an of handling and working all kinds of
order given in completion of a drill or fiber and wire rope. It includes
exercise meaning to withdraw from every variety of knotting, splicing,
drill station and duties serving, and fancy work.
• Use line for tying up during
mooring and docking and for rigging • Coil right-laid line right-handed or
aloft or over the side during painting clockwise. Flake down braided and
details. plaited line.
• Use wire rope during replenishment • Keep line from touching stays,
of supplies and for highline transfers. guys, or other standing rigging.
These are only a few of the jobs that • When surging line around bitts,
require to use line or wire rope; take off enough turns so the line
there are many more. does not jerk but surges smoothly.
• If line becomes chafed or damaged,
Rope
cut and splice. A good splice is safer
Rope is manufactured from wire, than a damaged section. However,
fiber, and combinations of the two. do not cut a line without your
Fiber rope or line, as it is commonly supervisor’s permission.
called, is fashioned from natural or • Do not lubricate the line.
synthetic fibers. • Whip all line ends.
In the Navy, sailors refer to fiber
Use and Care of Line
rope as line, whereas they refer to
wire rope as rope, wire rope, or just • Inspect natural fiber line frequently
wire. More clearly defined, a line is a for deterioration. Open the lay and
piece of rope, either fiber or inspect the fibers. White, powdery
synthetic, that is in use or has been residue indicates internal wear.
cut for a specific purpose, such as a • Dragging a line over sharp or rough
lifeline, heaving line, or lead line. objects cuts or breaks the outer
fibers. When line is dragged on the
Construction of Line
ground, other particles are picked up
Line currently used in the Navy may and eventually work into the line,
be threestrand line, braided, or cutting the inner strands.
plaited. In three-strand line, • Natural fiber line exposed to the
fibers are twisted into yarns or atmosphere deteriorates about 30
threads, the yarns are twisted in the percent in 2 years from weathering
opposite direction into strands, and alone. Natural fiber line received
the strands are twisted in the first from supply that is 3 years old
direction, making line. should be returned to supply noting
Taking the process further, lines are uneconomical to use.
twisted into cable. Line can have
Small Stuff
various numbers of strands, and
the direction the strands are twisted Line 1 1/2 inches or less in
determines the lay of the line. That circumference is called small stuff.
is, if the strands are twisted to the Its size specification is governed by
right, the line is said to be right-laid. the number of yarns it contains
Use and Care of Line
(called threads in this instance). describe various hitches in
this section. A hitch differs from a
USE OF SMALL STUFF knot in that it ordinarily is tied to a
Round line is three-strand, right-laid ring, around a spar or stanchion, or
tarred hemp is used for seizing and around another line. It is not tied
servings on ships where neatness is back on itself to form an eye or to
required. Sail twine is small stuff laid bend two lines together.
up right-handed by machine, like Eye Splice
regular line, but it is not much larger
than fishing line is used for servings To make an eye splice with manila or
when a fancier job than can be done synthetic lines, you must untwist the
with marline is desired. strands in the end of your line
Cod line is the light, white line anywhere from 4 inches to 2 feet,
formerly used in hammock clews depending on the size of the line, and
(lines for suspending a hammock) is splice them into the standing part of
used for decorative purposes. the line by tucking the unlaid strands
from the end into the standing part.
Securing Ends
Short Splice
Never leave the end of a line
dangling loose without a Lines are short spliced together
whipping to prevent it from unlaying. when a slight enlargement of the
The end of line will begin to unlay of diameter of the line is of no
its own accord. To prevent fraying, importance. Slings are made of
you should put a temporary plain pieces of line, with their own ends
whipping on with anything, even a short spliced together.
rope yarn. FOUR CLASSES OF KNOTS
Knots Class 1 Knots - knots in the end of
The bowline is a good knot with line, used in fastening a line upon
many uses. It is used whenever a itself or around an object
loop is needed, such as in making a • Overhand Knot – used in making
temporary eye in a mooring line. other knots.
According to a Seaman's use of the Never used alone
term knot, the line usually is bent to • Bowline - a temporary eye in the
itself. The knot forms an eye or knob end of a line.
or secures a cord or line around It will not slip or jam.
an object, such as a package. • Running bowline – a convenient
form of running an eye. Formed by
Bending To a Hook, Ring or Spar making a bowline over its own
You can use a hitch to secure a line standing part.
to a hook, ring or spar. We will • Bowline on a bight – used to sling a
man over the side. It will not slip and convenient way of bending two
constrict him hawsers together
• French Bowline – has the same • Carrick Bend – used to bend two
purpose as the bowline on a bight. It hawsers together – it noll not slip or
gives two loops that can be adjusted jam, and no matter how long the
to fit. hawsers are in the water it can e
easily untied
•Spanish bowline - Can be used
• Reeving line bend – used to bend
wherever it is desirable to have two
together two lines that must reeve
eyes in the line. Its primary purpose
around a capstan or which drum.
however is, as a substitute for
the boatswains chair. Class 3 Knots - knots that secure a
• Sheepshank – used to shorten a line to a ring or spar (hitches or
rope in three parts, and half hitch bends)
each part around the bight of the • Fisherman’s Bend - used to secure
other two parts. a rope to a toupee or a hawsers to
• Cats Paw - a double loop formed the ring of a anchor
by twisting two bights of a rope. The • Tolling hitch - used to bend a line
hook of a tackle is passed through to a spar or to the standing part of
them. another line
• Figure Eight – used to prevent the • Round Turn and Two Half Hitches –
end of line form unreeling through a used to secure the end of a line
block or eyebolt. made around any other object.
• Black Wall Hitch – used to secure a • Clove or Ratline Hitch – convenient
line to a hook quickly for making a line fast to a spar, the
standing part of another line, or a
Class 2 Knots - Knots for binding
bollard.
two lines together
• Half hitch or two half hitch – used
• Square or reef knot - used for
to secure a line temporarily around
tying reef points and bending lines
any object
together
• Stopper hitch – used to check a
• Granny knot – usually mistaken for
running line
a square knot. It will slip under
• Cats paw – used to secure a line to
strain.
a hook.
• Sheet or becket bend (single) –
used for bending line to becket and Class 4 Knots - knots used to give
for bending lines of different sizes finished to the end of a line and to
together. prevent unreeling or for ornamental
• Sheet or becket bend (double) - purposes.
same use as the sheet or becket • Wall knot - the reverse of a crown
bend (single) knot. It is never used alone, but
• Two bowlines – a safe and always as a part of a line. There are
various combination of wall and In general, rigging is a large part of
crown knot. deck seamanship. The ship's
• Crown knot the simplest and best- standing rigging consists of lines,
known knots in the end of a line. It is wires, turnbuckles, and other gear
never used alone, but always as a supporting and attached to the
part of some other knot. stacks, the masts, and the topside
• Manrope - combination of a double structure. Running rigging includes
crown and wall not. An ornamental the rigging used in hoisting and
knot worked in the end of gangway lowering heavy weights or in
(handrails made of line) positioning and operating movable
• Mathew Walker - the navy deck gear.
standard knot for the end of
Ground Tackles
hammock jackstay. The three
Equipment used in anchoring and
strands are bought back together, so
mooring with anchors and buoy
they can be laid up again.
mooring with chain and appendages.
Wire Rope The following are defined as ground
tackle:
The basic unit of wire-rope
• Anchor chain, wire rope, synthetic
construction is the individual wire
line, or combinations of these
made of steel or other metal in
materials, when used with
various sizes. These wires are laid
anchors
together to form strands.
• Appendages consisting of
The number of wires in a strand connecting shackles or links,
varies according to the purpose for detachable links, pear-shaped links,
which the rope is intended. A end links, bending shackles, mooring
number of strands are laid together shackles, mooring swivels,
to form the wire rope itself. detachable-link tool sets, clear
Wire rope is designated by the hawse pendants, dip ropes, chain
number of strands per rope and the stoppers, wrenches for chain
number of wires per strand. Thus, stoppers, outboard swivel shots,
a 6 X 19 rope has 6 strands with 19 chain cable jacks, mooring hooks,
wires per strand, but has the same chain hooks, anchor bars, and
outside diameter as a 6 X 37 wire anchor buoys.
rope, which has 6 strands with 37
Types of Anchor
wires of much smaller size per
Anchors used in the Navy today
strand.
are grouped according to type. The
Wire rope is made of annealed steel,
most common types used are
traction steel, or improved plow
stockless anchors, lightweight (LWT)
steel. The basic metal may
be plain or galvanized.
or stock-incrown anchors, and two
fluke balanced-fluke anchors. Stock Navy anchor chain of the flash butt
anchors (old-fashioned) and welded type is the Navy standard for
mushroom anchors are no longer new ship constructions and replaces
specified as a part of Navy ship die-lock chain as required for back
ground tackle. fit. An anchor chain is made up of
many parts besides common links
1. Stockless Anchor
and requires a variety of equipment
Three designs of stockless anchors
and fittings to use and maintain the
are in use on naval ships:
chain. The following descriptions will
commercial, standard Navy, and the
acquaint you with the details of
Mark 2
anchor chain and some of the
2. Lightweight Anchor equipment associated with using and
Two types of lightweight anchors are maintaining the chain.
used on Navy ships: the Mk 2
1. Detachable Links
LWT and the wedge block LWT
anchor. 2. Chain Swivels
3. Two-Fluke Balanced-Fluke 3. Chain Stopper
Anchor
4. Mooring Shackle
The two-fluke balanced-fluke
anchor is used for anchoring some 5. Mooring Swivels
surface ships and the newer 6. Clear Hawse Pendants
submarines and is normally housed in
the bottom of the ship. This anchor Windlasses are installed on board
is used on certain combatant-type ships primarily for handling and
surface ships in place of a bower securing the anchor and chain used
anchor, which could interfere with for anchoring the ship and for
the ship's sonar dome. handling anchor chain used for
towing the ship.
4. Stock Anchor
Old-fashioned, or stock, anchors Deck fittings are the various devices
have been abandoned by large attached to the hull that assist in
merchant and Navy ships because handling the ship.
they are extremely cumbersome and PAINTING
difficult to stow.
The protection of metal surfaces is
5. Mushroom Anchor the chief objectives of painting done
Mushroom anchors are shaped like a aboardship. Paints and varnishes are
mushroom with a long narrow also used to decorate surfaces.
stem serving as the shank. The only effective protection against
CHAIN AND APPENDAGES rust is good paint properly applied
to metal surface that have been by compressed air.
carefully prepared for painting. •Rotary Chipping Tool.
•Blow Torch – satisfactory but
Preparing Surfaces for Painting
should be hot enough to blister the
Even the most expensive paint is of
paint and to burn wood underneath
little value if it is applied on an
or to discolor paint.
insecure foundation.
Loose old paint, rush, dirt, dust, Application of Paint for Brush
moisture of grease on any surface •Hold brush firmly by the handle not
will prevent new paint from adhering by the stock. If held by the stock,
to. hands become covered with paint
Before painting steel, it is necessary and may cause poisoning especially
to remove all scale, grease, rust and if small cuts are exposed and lead
moisture. paints are used.
Rust spreads even if it is covered by •Hold brush at right angle to the
paint. surface with the end of the bristles
Painting rusty surface causes paint alone touching and lift it clear to the
to flake off. surface when starting the return
Rust and old paint may be removed stroke.
in several ways depending on the •Do not completely fill the brush with
thickness of the coating, thickness of paint. Dip only the end of the bristles
steel underneath, and materials into the paint. Do not charge the
stored on either side of steel brush with paint until the preceding
plating. charge has become sufficiently
exhausted.
Tools for Removing Rust and Old
•Apply paint with long stroke parallel
Paint
to the grain of the wood.
•Scraper – used for removing rust on
•Cross the work by laying on the
paint over a small section with
plating surfaces.
parallel strokes. Then cross the
•Wire Brush – used as welded areas.
first application with parallel strokes
•Sand Paper – used as abrasive to
at right angle to the first one, all
polish.
laying off (final) should be
•Chipping Hammer – used for thick
lengthwise.
rust.
•For vertical surfaces, work should
•Scaling Hammer or Jitterbug – never
be laid off vertically.
•For overhead surfaces, ceiling
used in plating less than ¼ inch in
panels should be laid off fore
thickness.
and aft and the beams athwart ships.
•Rotary Power Brush – it is operated
•Keep paint well-mixed while work
by compressed air.
is proceeding.
•Power Sander – it is also operated
Best result can be obtained by
applying two coats of thin bristles to separate into hunches,
or medium body paint than one coat flares and become bushy.
of heavy paint
Proper Cleaners for Brushes with
Types of Paint Brushes and Uses Different Finishes
• Flat Paint Brush - large surface Oil base paints and varnishes --
• Oval Sash and Trim Brush - small turpentine or mineral spirits
surface Water based paint--------- water
• Fitch Brush - small and very small Shellac---------------- alcohol
surfaces Lacquer --------------- lacquer
• Oval Varnish Brush - rough thinner
• Flat Varnish Brush - medium work Enamel Paint------------- paint
• French Bristle Brush - high grade thinner
work
PAINTING SAFETY PRECAUTION
• Lettering Brush -small surface &
large work • Complete ventilation of the
• Painter Duster- cleaning work compartment is essential to ensure
immediate removal of vapors and
Care of Brushes
paint dusts.
Before using, rinse brushes with
• Personnel using spray gun should
paint thinner and soak in boiled oil
wear clothing which fits smartly or
for about 48 hours to make them
tightly at the ankles, neck and wrist.
more flexible and easier to clean.
• Approved respirator must be worn
Care after use:
and parts of the body not protected
• Provide a container with
by clothing should be covered with
compartments for stowing different
petrolatum (Vaseline).
types of brushes for a short period.
• Smoking, open flames, welding,
• The bristles must not touch the
grounding of spray equipment,
bottom as they eventually become
chipping, and other spark-producing
distorted.
operations are prohibited in the
• Brushes which are to be used the
compartment when spraying is in
following day should be cleaned with
progress.
• Explosion proof portable lights
proper thinner and placed in the
should be used.
proper compartment of the container.
• Bulbs must not be replaced in a
• Brushes not to be used soon should
compartment or tank being painted
be cleaned in thinner, washed with
until flammable or explosive vapors
soap and water and hang to dry.
have been removed.
After drying, wrapped in waxed
paper and stowed flat. •Painted compartments long closed
• Do not leave brush soaking in the without ventilation must be entered
water because it will cause the with caution.
• Paint and varnish removers should
not be used by persons having open
cuts on their hands, unless rubber
gloves are used.
• Paint and varnish removers should
not be used in confined spaces
because some have dangerous
anesthetic property.
• If paint and varnish removers touch
the skin and begin to burn, wash
off with cold water immediately and
consult the medical officer.
• Never use turpentine, spirits or
other thinners for cleaning your
hands after work because they can
be absorbed through the skin pores.
Use hand soap and water only.