CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: ADJECTIVES/ ADVERBS/ COMPARISONS

I/ ADJECTIVES
Tính từ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ, thường đứng trước danh từ và sau một số
động từ tình thái như: be; become; sound; feel; smell; taste; seem; look…
Ex: This is an interesting book.
adj noun
It sounds good.
V adj
The food smells delicious.
II/ ADVERBS
a/ Trạng từ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường, tính từ hoặc các trạng từ khác
Ex: This is an extremely interesting book.
adv adj
He drives carefully.
V adv
She dances very beautifully.
adv adv
b/ Các loại trạng từ: trạng từ chỉ tính chất; địa điểm; thời gian; cách thức; tần suất;
mức độ…
Ex: She speaks English fluently. (adverb of manner)
Leave your bag on the table. (adverb of place)
He is flying to Rome tomorrow. (adverb of time)
She usually goes to school by bike. (adverb of frequency)
She is very beautiful. (adverb of degree)
c/ cách hình thành trạng từ
adjective + LY = adverb
Ex: careful + ly = carefully
dramatical + ly => dramatically
terrible + ly => terribly
 happy + ly => happily
NOTE:
1/ những tính từ hay nhầm thành trạng từ: friendly; lonely; lovely; silly; lively;
fatherly; motherly…
2/ rare => rarely >< whole => wholly; true => truly
3/ trạng từ bất quy tắc

ADJ => ADV

good => well
hard => hard
fast => fast
late => late
soon => soon
early => early
monthly => monthly
Ex: He works hard. (adv)
It is a hard job. (adj)
4/ lately (adv) gần đây>< late (adv/adj) muộn
hardly (adv) hầu như không >< hard (adv/adj) chăm chỉ…

III/ TRẬT TỰ CỦA TÍNH TỪ

1/ opinion adjectives + fact adjectives
bad; beautiful… + old; red…
Ex: She bought a beautiful red dress.
It is a bad old hat.

2/ khi có nhiều tính từ => chúng ta sắp xếp theo trật tự sau
(opinion)+ size + age + shape + colour + origin + material + noun
mẹo: SASCOM
Ex: It is an beautiful old round table.
It is a green wool hat.

IV / COMPARISONS
1/ EQUALITY

as + adv/adj + as
so + adv/adj + as
such + adj + noun + as

Ex: Ted is as tall as Jim.

Kate isn't as/ so clever as her sister (is).
Dave isn't such a good footballer as he used to be.

2/ COMPARATIVES

short adj/adv + ER + than

more + long adj/adv + than
less + long adj/adv + than
more + noun + than
less + noun + than
Ex: I have more books than him.
He has less money than his father.
She is taller than her friend.
She is less careful than his sister.

3/ SUPERLATIVES

THE + short adj/adv + EST

THE MOST + long adj/adv
THE LEAST + long adj/adv
Ex: She is the most intelligent student in our class.
 He is the tallest one.

NOTE
1/ một số động từ có thể coi là tính từ/ trang từ ngắn và tính từ/ trạng từ dài
clever => cleverer => cleverest
clever => more clever => the most clever

clever/ common/ cruel/ friendly/ healthy/ gentle/ narrow/ pleasant/ polite/

simple…
2/ một số tính từ/ trạng từ bất quy tắc
good/well => better=> the best
bad/ badly => worse =>the worst
much/ many/ a lot of => more => the most
little=> less => the least
far => further/ father => the furthest/ the farthest

4/ SO SÁNH KÉP

1/ Loại 1 mệnh đề
Cấu trúc này có nghĩa là "càng ngày càng"
tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn + ER and tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn ngắn+ ER
It is darker and darker.
MORE and MORE + tính từ / trạng từ dài
She is more and more beautiful.
2/ Loại 2 mệnh đề
Cấu trúc này có nghĩa là "càng ....càng...."
The + so sánh hơn + mệnh đề , the + so sánh hơn + mệnh đề
He eats a lot. He is fat.
=> The more he eats, the fatter he is. (Anh ta càng ăn nhiều, anh ta càng mập.)
He eats a lot of pork. He is fat.
=> The more pork he eats, the fatter he is.
5. Các dạng so sánh với danh từ
1. So sánh ngang bằng
S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + N + as + N/ pronoun

I eat as much chocolate as my sister.

He earns as much money as his brother.
2. So sánh hơn kém
S + V + more/ fewer/ less+ N(s) + than + N/ pronoun

(fewer + N đếm được số nhiều; less + N không đếm được)

He has more time to do the test than his friend.
Lan drinks less milk than her sister.
3. So sánh hơn nhất
S + V + the most / the fewest/ the least + N(s)

There are the fewest days in February.

THE EXERCISES ON COMPARISONS

EXERCISE 1. Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets:
1. This chair is ..........................………………….. than that one. (comfortable)
2. Your flat is .....................………....... than mine. (large)
3. The weather today is ........................……… than it was yesterday. (hot)
4. The Nile is the ........................……………………….. river in the world. (long)
5. Chinese bicycles are ................…........……………….. than Japanese ones. (bad)
6. Mathematics is ........................…………………...….. than English. (difficult)
7. Ho Chi Minh is the ............................………………. city in Viet Nam. (big)
8. He drives ................................. .. ……………than his friend. (careful)
9. She sings ........................……………………….. in this school. (beautiful)
10. I read ............................……………………….. than my sister. (slow)
11. Grace is ...........................………………….. girl in our class. (old)
12. This exercise is .........................…….…………..than that one. (easy)
13. He is twice .........................…….…………..as you. (fat)
14. Nam is .........................…….………….. student of all. (noisy)
15. My cold is .........................…….………….. today than it was yesterday. (good)

I. Choose the letter A, B, C, D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1. She speaks English as ................. as her friend does.
A.good B. well C.better D. the best
Question 2. It’s ................. to go by bus than by car.
A. cheaper B. cheapest C. more cheap D. more cheaper
Question 3. The test is not ................. difficult ................. it was last year.
A.as / as B. so / as
C.more / as D. A and B are correct
Question 4. He works more ................. than she does.
A.slow B. slowly C. slowest D. most slowly
Question 5. This hotel must be ................. in this city.
A. expensive B. more expensive
C.the most expensive D. the more expensive
Question 6. This river is ................. than that river.
A.narrow B.narrowest C.narrower D. mostnarrow
Question 7. Did you know your English teacher and your mother are the same .................?
A.age B.oldness C.old D.older
Question 8. This hotel was ................. that one we had stayed at before.
A. more expensive than B. more expensive as
C.most expensive than D. better expensive than
Question 9. Today is the ................. day of the month.
A.hot B.hotter C.hottest D. hottest than
Question 10. Her illness is ................. than we thought at first.
A. bad B.worst C.badly D. worse
II.Fill in the correct form of the adjectives in brackets (comparative or superlative).
Question 11. This chair is _______________ than the old one. (comfortable)
Question 12. Trains are _______________ than planes. (slow)
Question 13. I bought the _______________ car I could afford. (expensive)
Question 14. In this classroom there are _______________ girls than boys.(many)
Question 15. Ann is the _______________ child in the family.(young)
Question 16. That TV set is the _______________ of all. (cheap)
Question 17. This place is _______________ than that one. (safe)
Question 18. Lisa is _______________ than Kate.(pretty)
Question 19. This is the _______________ film I have ever seen. (exciting)
Question 20. Tom is _______________ than Peter. (talented)
III.Complete the sentences with the correct comparativeform of the words from the box.
bad - important - crowded - high - heavy - difficult - expensive - easy - thin - cold

Question 21. In Canada, January is ___________________ than February.

Question 22.I think that good health is ___________________ than money.
Question 23. I can’t carry my suitcase. It’s ___________________ than yours.
Question 24. A car is ___________________ than a bike.
Question 25. You look _________________ than the last time I saw you. Have you lost weight?
Question 26. I couldn’t get a seat in the restaurant. It was ___________________ than usual.
Question 27.Mountains are ___________________ than hills.
Question 28. He got good marks in the exam. The exam was ___________________ than he had
expected.
Question 29. I think you should go to the doctor. Your cold is ___________________ than it was a
few days ago.
Question 30. I don’t understand this lesson. It is ___________________ than I think.