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Study The Change in EMF of A Daniel Cell

This document describes an experiment to study the change in electromotive force (EMF) of a Daniel cell due to various factors such as concentration, temperature, and area of electrodes. The document provides the objective, materials, description of a Daniel cell and its components, procedure, observations, and conclusions of the experiment.

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Kim Taesi
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
818 views

Study The Change in EMF of A Daniel Cell

This document describes an experiment to study the change in electromotive force (EMF) of a Daniel cell due to various factors such as concentration, temperature, and area of electrodes. The document provides the objective, materials, description of a Daniel cell and its components, procedure, observations, and conclusions of the experiment.

Uploaded by

Kim Taesi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Study the Change in EMF of a Daniel Cell

Objective

The goal of this project Is to study the change in E.m.f of a Daniel cell Due
to various factors such as  Change in concentration, temperature And Area
of electrodes.

Materials and Equipment

To do this experiment we will need the following materials and equipment:

v  Two beakers.

v  Zinc and Copper plate.

v  Filter paper.

v  Voltmeter.

v  Connecting wires.

v  Card board.

v  KNO3 solution.

v  1 M, 0.1M, 0.01 M  solution of :-

1. a. CuSO4
2. b. ZnSO4

Daniel Cell

When an external circuit is connected, the chemical equation for the zinc
side (anode) half cell is:
Zn (s) ® Zn2+ (aq) + 2 e-

For the copper sulphate side (cathode) half cell:

Cu2+ (aq) + 2 e- ® Cu (s)

Therefore, the overall reaction of the Daniel cell is:

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) ® Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

Introduction

It is an arrangement to convert the chemical energy of the redox reaction


into electric energy.

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) ® Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

Features of Daniel Cell:-

v Zinc rod at which oxidation occurs is called the anode while the copper
rod at which the reduction takes place is called cathode.

v The overall reaction occurring in electrochemical cell is due to two half-


cell reaction, one occurring in each beaker.

v The half-cell reaction occurring at anode is called oxidation -half cell


reaction while the occurring at cathode is called reduction.

v The two half-cell reactions always take place simultaneously i.e. . .  Half
cell reaction cannot take place immediately.

v Since electrons are produced at zinc electrode, it is rich in electrons and


pulls these electrons into the external circuit and hence acts as negative
pole. The copper electrode on the other hand is deficient in electrons and
thus pulls the electrons from the external circuit and act as positive pole.
v  The electrons flow from negative pole to positive  pole in the external
circuit. However, conventionally the current is said to flow in opposite
direction i.e. from positive pole to negative pole in the external circuit.

v  The concentration of copper sulphate solution decreases with passage of


time as the cell operates, consequently the current fall with passage of
time.

v      Salt Bridge  :-

It consists of a tube filled with semi-solid paste obtained by adding


gelative or agar to the solution of strong electrolyte  such as Nacl ,
NH4NO3.KNO3 etc, which does not change chemically during the process.

v Function of salt bridge:-

To complete the electrical circuit by allowing the solution to flow from one
solution to another without mixing the two solutions.

To maintain electrical neutrality of solution in two half-cells.

v EMF of Cells:-

When a current flows through two points a potential difference generated


by a cell when the cell draws no current is called EMF.

Procedure

1. I. Take two beakers and pour the required chemicals in respective


beaker and mark them for identification.
2. II. Take two square to slide in and connecting wire to their screw.

3. III. Connect negative of the voltmeter to the anode and its positive
to  the cathode
4. IV. Take filter paper long enough to dip into both the solution.  Dip
the filter paper in  KNo3 solution and put it as a salt bridge.

5. V. Put on the electrode voltmeter set up.  Note the reading quickly
and then put of the electrode voltmeter set up.

6. VI. For measuring variation with temperature with change in area of


electrode use the different size of electrode and then do step 5 again.

7. VII. For measuring variation with temperature heat the solution and
then do step 5 again.

8. VIII. For measuring variations with change in concentration of


electrolyte ,use  the electrolytes of different molarity and then do
step 5 again.

Observations:-

v Electrode Potential of  Zinc =…………….V

v Electrode Potential of Copper=…………V

v     Variation with Concentration:-

Molarity  of CuSO4(M) Molarity of ZnSO4(M) Voltmeter Reading (V)

v     Variation with change in area of electrodes:-

With increase in area or decrease in area of electrode EMF of cell remains


same.
v     Variation with temperature:-

Cuso4(.c) ZnSo4(.c) Voltmeter Reading(V)

Conclusions:-

v The EMF varies non-linearly with change in concentration of reactants.

v Increase in concentration of ions in anode half-cell decreases EMF and


vice-verse.

v The EMF is independent of area of electrode.

v The EMF increases with increase in temperature.

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