Home Assignment – Kaizen Instititute of Technology

Cell Planning
(a) The sensitivity or the required signal level is the required sensitivity given by
ρ=−174+ NF+ SNR +10 log ⁡(BW )
An alternative formula for the digital case is
EB
ρ=−174+ NF + +10 log ⁡(k )+10 log ⁡( R)
No
But both give an equivalent result.
where
NF =¿Noise Figure (dB)
SNR=¿ Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB)
BW =¿signal bandwidth (Hz)
EB
=¿bit energy to noise density ratio
No
k =¿bits per symbol
R=¿data rate
Using the first relation, the matlab gives ρ=104.2 dBm.
(b) Cell radius achieved with required sensitivity as calculated in (a) is d=0.38 km (Figure 1). The
area of a single cell is hence π d 2=¿0.454 sq. km. Based on the coverage criteria of 95%, the
allowed cell area turns out to be 0.454 × 0.95=0.431 sq. km. Thus, the total number of cells
900 sq. km
required is =2088.17≈ 2089 .
0.431sq. km

-40

-50

-60
Received Power Level, dBm

-70

-80

-90

X 0.38
-100 Y -104.3

-110

-120
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Distance, km

Figure 1: Part (b)

(c) Since the ρ is independent of f c, the change in f c affects the received power only, and the new
range that the Base station can cover gives d=0.3 km (Figure 2), and thus the number of cells
900
required for 95% cell coverage is 2
=3350.6 ≈ 3351.
π ( 0.3 ) ×0.95

-50

-60
Received Power Level, dBm

-70

-80

-90

X 0.3
-100 Y -104.2

-110

-120

-130
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Distance, km

Figure 2: Part (c)

(d) If f c =1960 MHz, with fringe coverage of 75%, the new value of the cell radius is 0.3 km. For
900
90% cell coverage, the number of cells required is 2
=2204.4 ≈ 2205.
π ( 0.38 ) ×0.90

-40

-50
Received Power Level, dBm

-60

-70

-80

-90

X 0.38
-100 Y -104.3

-110

-120
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Distance, km
 Figure 3: Part (d)
(e) Using the base assumptions, and considering the same number of users,
Since the required data rate is approximately 6 times reduced, the received power level will be
increased for the given cell radius. To fully exploit the sensitivity, the cell radius can also be
increased by the same ratio approximately. Therefore, the new number of cells required will be
reduced.

APPENDIX: MATLAB Code:

hm=1.5; %Mobile Station Height in m
Gbd=14; %BS antenna gain in dBd
Gb=16.15; %BS antenna gain in dBi
Gm=0; %MS antenan gain in dBi
sigma_L=10; %location variability/shadowing standard deviation in dB
Lb=10; %building penetration loss in dB
sigma_B=8; %building penetration standard deviation in dB
Pf=0.75; %fringe coverage
Pc=0.90; %cell coverage
d=0.0:0.01:1; %distance in km
Ls=sigma_L*qfuncinv(1-Pf);
%shadowing margin

%Received Signal Level/Sensitivity

rho=-174+NF+SNR+10*log10(BW);

%cos231 Hata Model

a=(1.1.*log10(fc)-0.7).*hm-(1.56.*log10(fc)-0.8);
A=46.3+33.9*log10(fc)-13.28*log10(hb)-a;
B=44.9-6.55*log10(hb);
C=0;
PL=A+B*log10(d)+C; %path loss using COS231 Model

%Received power vs distance

Pr=Pt+Gm+Gb-PL-sigma_L-Lb;

figure(70); plot(d,PL);
grid on; grid minor;
xlabel('Distance, km'); ylabel('Path Loss, dB');
figure(80); plot(d,Pr);
grid on; grid minor;
xlabel('Distance, km'); ylabel('Received Power Level, dBm');