JAVA Means DURGA SIR JAVA Means DURGA SIR

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Serialization
Agenda :

1. Serialization
2. Deserialization
3. transient keyword
4. static Vs transient
5. transient Vs final
6. Object graph in serialization.
7. customized serialization.
8. Serialization with respect inheritance.
9. Externalization
10. Difference between Serialization & Externalization
11. SerialVersionUID

Serialization: (1.1 v)
1. The process of saving (or) writing state of an object to a file is called serialization
2. but strictly speaking it is the process of converting an object from java supported De-Serialization:
form to either network supported form (or) file supported form.
3. By using FileOutputStream and ObjectOutputStream classes we can achieve 1. The process of reading state of an object from a file is called DeSerialization
serialization process. 2. but strictly speaking it is the process of converting an object from file supported
4. Ex: big ballon form (or) network supported form to java supported form.
3. By using FileInputStream and ObjectInputStream classes we can achieve
DeSerialization.

Diagram:

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Diagram: Diagram:

Example 1:
import java.io.*;
class Dog implements Serializable
{
int i=10;
int j=20; Note:
}
classSerializableDemo 1. We can perform Serialization only for Serilizable objects.
{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{ 2. An object is said to be Serilizable if and only if the corresponding class
Dog d1=new Dog(); implements Serializable interface.
System.out.println("Serialization started"); 3. Serializable interface present in java.io package and does not contain any
FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser"); methods. It is marker interface. The required ability will be provided
ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
automatically by JVM.
oos.writeObject(d1);
System.out.println("Serialization ended"); 4. We can add any no. Of objects to the file and we can read all those objects from
System.out.println("Deserialization started"); the file but in which order we wrote objects in the same order only the objects
FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser"); will come back. That is order is important.
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis); 5. If we are trying to serialize a non-serializable object then we will get
Dog d2=(Dog)ois.readObject();
System.out.println("Deserialization ended");
RuntimeException saying "NotSerializableException".
System.out.println(d2.i+"................"+d2.j);
}
}
Output:
Serialization started
Serialization ended
Deserialization started
Deserialization ended
10................20

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JAVA Means DURGA SIR JAVA Means DURGA SIR

2. While performing serialization if we don't want to save the value of a particular

variable to meet security constant such type of variable , then we should declare
that variable with "transient" keyword.
3. At the time of serialization JVM ignores the original value of transient variable
and save default value to the file .
4. That is transient means "not to serialize".

Example2:
import java.io.*;
class Dog implements Serializable
{
int i=10;
int j=20;
}
class Cat implements Serializable
{
int i=30;
int j=40;
}
Static VsTransient :
classSerializableDemo
{ 1. static variable is not part of object state hence they won't participate in
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{ serialization because of this declaring a static variable as transient there is no
Dog d1=new Dog(); use.
Cat c1=new Cat();
System.out.println("Serialization started");
FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(d1); Transient Vs Final:
oos.writeObject(c1);
System.out.println("Serialization ended");
System.out.println("Deserialization started");
1. final variables will be participated into serialization directly by their values.
FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser"); Hence declaring a final variable as transient there is no use.
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis); //the compiler assign the value to final variable
Dog d2=(Dog)ois.readObject();
Cat c2=(Cat)ois.readObject(); Example 3:
System.out.println("Deserialization ended"); import java.io.*;
System.out.println(d2.i+"................"+d2.j); class Dog implements Serializable
System.out.println(c2.i+"................"+c2.j); {
} static transient int i=10;
} final transient int j=20;
Output: }
Serialization started classSerializableDemo
Serialization ended {
Deserialization started public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
Deserialization ended Dog d1=new Dog();
10................20 FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
30................40 ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(d1);
Transient keyword: FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Dog d2=(Dog)ois.readObject();
1. transient is the modifier applicable only for variables. System.out.println(d2.i+"................"+d2.j);

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}
transient final int i=10;
} 10................20
Output: transient static int j=20;
10................20

Diagram:

We can serialize any no of objects to the file but in which order we serialized in the
same order only we have to deserialize.

Example :

Dog d1=new Dog( );

Cat c1=new Cat( );
Rat r1=new Rat( );

FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(d1);
oos.writeObject(c1);
oos.writeObject(r1);

FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Table: Dog d2=(Dog)ois.readObject();
Cat c2=(Cat)ois.readObject();
declaration output Rat r2=(Rat)ois.readObject();
int i=10;
10................20 If we don't know order of objects :
int j=20;
transient int i=10; Example :
0................20
int j=20;
transient int i=10; FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
0................20 ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
transient static int j=20; Object o=ois.readObject( );
transient final int i=10;
10................0 if(o instanceof Dog) {
transient int j=20;
Dog d2=(Dog)o;

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//perform Dog specific functionality {

} public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
else if(o instanceof Cat) { Dog d1=new Dog();
Cat c2=(Cat)o; FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
//perform Cat specific functionality ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
} oos.writeObject(d1);
. FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
. ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
.} Dog d2=(Dog)ois.readObject();
System.out.println(d2.c.r.j);
}
}
Output:
20

Object graph in serialization:

1. Whenever we are serializing an object the set of all objects which are reachable
from that object will be serialized automatically. This group of objects is nothing
but object graph in serialization.
2. In object graph every object should be Serializable otherwise we will get runtime
exception saying"NotSerializableException".

Example 4:
import java.io.*;
class Dog implements Serializable
{
Cat c=new Cat();
}
class Cat implements Serializable
{
Rat r=new Rat();
}
class Rat implements Serializable
{
int j=20;
}
classSerializableDemo

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Diagram:  In the above example whenever we are serializing Dog object automatically Cat
and Rat objects will be serialized because these are part of object graph of Dog
object.
 Among Dog, Cat, Rat if at least one object is not serializable then we will get
runtime exception saying "NotSerializableException".

Customized serialization:
During default Serialization there may be a chance of lose of information due to
transient keyword.(Ex : mango ,money , box)

Example 5:
import java.io.*;
class Account implements Serializable
{
String userName="Bhaskar";
transient String pwd="kajal";
}
classCustomizedSerializeDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
Account a1=new Account();
System.out.println(a1.userName+"........."+a1.pwd);

FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(a1);

FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Account a2=(Account)ois.readObject();
System.out.println(a2.userName+"........."+a2.pwd);
}
}

Output:
Bhaskar.........kajal
Bhaskar.........null

Diagram:

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It is a callback method. Hence at the time of serialization if we want to perform

any extra work we have to define that in this method only.
(prepare encrypted password and write encrypted password seperate to the file )
2. private void readObject(ObjectInputStream is) throws Exception.

This method will be executed automatically by JVM at the time of

Deserialization. Hence at the time of Deserialization if we want to perform any
extra activity we have to define that in this method only.
(read encrypted password , perform decryption and assign decrypted password
to the current object password variable )

Example 6:
Demo program for customized serialization to recover loss of information which is
happen due to transient keyword.

import java.io.*;
class Account implements Serializable
{
String userName="Bhaskar";
transient String pwd="kajal";
private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStreamos)throws Exception
{
os.defaultWriteObject();
String epwd="123"+pwd;
os.writeObject(epwd);
}
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream is)throws Exception{
is.defaultReadObject();
String epwd=(String)is.readObject();
pwd=epwd.substring(3);
}
}
classCustomizedSerializeDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
Account a1=new Account();
System.out.println(a1.userName+"........."+a1.pwd);
 In the above example before serialization Account object can provide proper FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
username and password. But after Deserialization Account object can provide ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(a1);
only username bur not password. This is due to declaring password as transient. FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
Hence doing default serialization there may be a chance of loss of information ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
due to transient keyword. Account a2=(Account)ois.readObject();
 We can recover this loss of information by using customized serialization. System.out.println(a2.userName+"........."+a2.pwd);
}
}
We can implements customized serialization by using the following two methods.
Output:
Bhaskar.........kajal
Bhaskar.........kajal
1. private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStreamos) throws Exception.

This method will be executed automatically by jvm at the time of serialization.

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serialization(default serialization). If Account class contains writeObject() method then

JVM feels very happy and executes that Account class writeObject() method. The same
rule is applicable for readObject() method also.

Serialization with respect to inheritance :

Case 1:

If parent class implements Serializable then automatically every child class by default
implements Serializable. That is Serializable nature is inheriting from parent to child.

Hence even though child class doesn't implements Serializable , we can serialize child
class object if parent class implements serializable interface.

Example 7:
import java.io.*;
class Animal implements Serializable
{
int i=10;
}
Diagram: class Dog extends Animal
{
int j=20;
}
classSerializableWRTInheritance
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
Dog d1=new Dog();
System.out.println(d1.i+"........"+d1.j);
FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(d1);
FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Dog d2=(Dog)ois.readObject();
System.out.println(d2.i+"........"+d2.j);
}
}
Output:
10........20
10........20

Even though Dog class does not implementsSerializable interface explicitly but we can
Serialize Dog object because its parent class animal already implements Serializable
interface.

Note :Object class doesn't implement Serializable interface.

At the time of Account object serialization JVM will check is there any writeObject()
method in Account class or not. If it is not available then JVM is responsible to perform

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public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{

Dog d1=new Dog();
d1.i=888;
d1.j=999;
FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(d1);
System.out.println("Deserialization started");
FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Dog d2=(Dog)ois.readObject();
System.out.println(d2.i+"........."+d2.j);
}
}
Output:
Animal constructor called
Dog constructor called
Case 2: Deserialization started
Animal constructor called
1. Even though parent class does not implementsSerializable we can serialize child 10.........999
object if child class implements Serializable interface.
2. At the time of serialization JVM ignores the values of instance variables which
are coming from non Serializable parent then instead of original value JVM
saves default values for those variables to the file.
3. At the time of Deserialization JVM checks whether any parent class is non
Serializable or not. If any parent class is nonSerializable JVM creates a separate
object for every non Serializable parent and shares its instance variables to the
current object.
4. To create an object for non-serializable parent JVM always calls no arg
constructor(default constructor) of that non Serializable parent hence every non
Serializable parent should compulsory contain no arg constructor otherwise we
will get runtime exception "InvalidClassException" .
5. If non-serializable parent is abstract class then just instance control flow will be
Diagram:
performed and share it's instance variable to the current object.

Example 8:
import java.io.*;
class Animal
{
int i=10;
Animal(){
System.out.println("Animal constructor called");
}
}
class Dog extends Animal implements Serializable
{
int j=20;
Dog(){
System.out.println("Dog constructor called");
}
}
classSerializableWRTInheritance
{

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At the time of deserialization Jvm will create a seperate new object by executing public
no-arg constructor on that object JVM will call readExternal() method.

Every Externalizable class should compusory contains public no-arg constructor

otherwise we will get RuntimeExcepion saying "InvaidClassException" .

Externalization : ( 1.1 v )
1. In default serialization every thing takes care by JVM and programmer doesn't
have any control.
2. In serialization total object will be saved always and it is not possible to save part
of the object , which creates performence problems at certain point.
3. To overcome these problems we should go for externalization where every thing
takes care by programmer and JVM doesn't have any control.
4. The main advantage of externalization over serialization is we can save either
total object or part of the object based on our requirement.
5. To provide Externalizable ability for any object compulsory the corresponding
class should implements externalizable interface. Example :
6. Externalizable interface is child interface of serializable interface.
import java.io.*;

classExternalDemo implements Externalizable {

Externalizable interface defines 2 methods : String s ;
int i ;
int j ;
1. writeExternal( )
2. readExternal( ) publicExternalDemo() {
System.out.println("public no-arg constructor");
}
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException publicExternalDemo(String s , int i, int j) {
this.s=s ;
This method will be executed automaticcay at the time of Serialization with in this this.i=i ;
this.j=j ;
method , we have to write code to save required variables to the file . }

public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException , public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeObject(s);
ClassNotFoundException out.writeInt(i);
}
This method will be executed automatically at the time of deserialization with in this public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException ,
method , we have to write code to save read required variable from file and assign to the ClassNotFoundException {
current object s=(String)in.readObject();
i= in.readInt();
}

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}
public class Externalizable1 {
JVM and programmer doesn't doesn't have any control.
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { have any control
ExternalDemo t1=new ExternalDemo("ashok", 10, 20); Here total object will be saved
FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser"); Here based on our requirement we can save either total
ObjectOutputStreamoos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos); always and it is not possible to
object or part of the object.
oos.writeObject(t1); save part of the object.
Serialization is the best choice
FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser"); Externalization is the best choice if we want to save part
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis); if we want to save total object
of the object.
ExternalDemo t2=(ExternalDemo)ois.readObject(); to the file.
System.out.println(t2.s+"-------"+t2.i+"--------"+t2.j);
relatively performence is low relatively performence is high
}
} Externalizable interface contains 2 methods :
Serializable interface doesn't
1.writeExternal()
contain any method , and it is
2. readExternal()
output : marker interface.
public no-arg constructor It is not a marker interface.
ashok -------- 10 ------ 0 Serializable class not required Externalizable class should compulsory contains public
to contains public no-arg no-arg constructor otherwise we will get
constructor. RuntimeException saying "InvalidClassException"
Diagram :
transient keyword play role in transient keyword don't play any role in
serialization Externalization

1. If the class implements Externalizable interface then only part of the object will
be saved in the case output is
2. public no-arg constructor
3. ashok ---- 10 ----- 0
4. If the class implements Serializable interface then the output is ashok --- 10 --- 20
5. In externalization transient keyword won't play any role , hence transient
keyword not required.
serialVersionUID :
To perform Serialization & Deserialization internally JVM will use a unique identifier ,
Difference between Serialization &Externalization : which is nothing but serialVersionUID .
Serialization Externalization
It is meant for default At the time of serialization JVM will save serialVersionUID with object.
It is meant for Customized Serialization
Serialization
Here every thing takes care by Here every thing takes care by programmer and JVM

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At the time of Deserialization JVM will compare serialVersionUID and if it is matched We if configure our own serialVersionUID both sender and receiver not required to
then only object will be Deserialized otherwise we will get RuntimeException saying maintain the same JVM versions.
"InvalidClassException". Note : some IDE's generate explicit serialVersionUID.

The process in depending on default serialVersionUIDare :

1. After Serializing object if we change the .class file then we can't perform
deserialization because of mismatch in serialVersionUID of local class and
serialized object in this case at the time of Deserialization we will get
RuntimeException saying in "InvalidClassException".
2. Both sender and receiver should use the same version of JVM if there any
incompatability in JVM versions then receive anable to deserializable because of
different serialVersionUID , in this case receiver will get RuntimeException
saying "InvalidClassException" .
3. To generate serialVersionUID internally JVM will use complexAlgorithm which
may create performence problems.

We can solve above problems by configuring our own serialVersionUID .

we can configure serialVersionUID as follows :

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

Example :

class Dog implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID=1L;
int i=10;
int j=20;
}
class Sender {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Dog d1=new Dog();
FileOutputStreamfos=new FileOutputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectOutputStreamoos= new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(d1);
}
}
class Receiver {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
FileInputStreamfis=new FileInputStream("abc.ser");
ObjectInputStreamois=new ObjectInputStream(fis);
Dog d2=(Dog) ois.readObject();
System.out.println(d2.i+"-----"+d2.j);
}
}

In the above program after serialization even though if we perform any change to
Dog.classfile , we can deserialize object.

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