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Variation of Velocity and Acceleration in Suction and Delivery Pipes Due To Acceleration of Piston

1) The velocity and acceleration of water in the suction and delivery pipes of a piston pump varies due to the acceleration and deceleration of the piston during each stroke. 2) As the piston accelerates and decelerates, it imparts acceleration and retardation to the adjacent water, causing the water's velocity in the pipes to vary rather than remain constant. 3) This varying velocity results in an accelerative or retarding head in the pipes that affects the pressure in the pump cylinder.

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SAATVIK JAIN
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516 views

Variation of Velocity and Acceleration in Suction and Delivery Pipes Due To Acceleration of Piston

1) The velocity and acceleration of water in the suction and delivery pipes of a piston pump varies due to the acceleration and deceleration of the piston during each stroke. 2) As the piston accelerates and decelerates, it imparts acceleration and retardation to the adjacent water, causing the water's velocity in the pipes to vary rather than remain constant. 3) This varying velocity results in an accelerative or retarding head in the pipes that affects the pressure in the pump cylinder.

Uploaded by

SAATVIK JAIN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variation of velocity and acceleration in the suction

and delivery pipes due to acceleration of the piston


The velocity of piston at the extreme left and extreme right in the cylinder is
zero. Velocity of the piston is maximum at the centre of the cylinder. So the
velocity of piston is zero at the start of each stroke (whether it is suction stroke
or delivery stroke), becomes maximum at the centre of each stoke and then
becomes zero at the end of each stroke. So, at the beginning of each stroke, the
piston is having an acceleration and at the end of each stroke the piston is
having a retardation. So the water which is in contact with the piston, will also
experience acceleration at the beginning of each stroke and retardation at the
end of each stoke. So the velocity of water( in suction pipe or delivery pipe) is
not constant. Hence an accelerative or retarding head will be working on this
water in suction and delivery pipe. This head will lead to a change in the value
of pressure inside the cylinder.
Variation of velocity and acceleration in the suction
and delivery pipes due to acceleration of the piston
Let,
L = length of the stroke, r = radius of the crank
If L/r is very large then it can be assumed that the motion of the piston is simple
harmonic in nature.
Let 𝜔 = Costant angular speed of the crank in rad./s
A= area of the cylinder
𝑎= area of the pipe (Suction pipe or delivery pipe)
𝑙= length of the pipe (Suction pipe or delivery pipe)
v = velocity of water in the pipe (Suction pipe or delivery pipe)
Consider the condition when the crank is at A. The piston is at its extreme left
position in the cylinder. Crank is rotating with angular velocity 𝜔.
Let’s consider that the angle turned by the crank in ‘t’ seconds is 𝜃.
Then 𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡
Piston travels the distance x in this time.
So, x = AF =OA – OF
= r – r cos 𝜃
= r – r cos 𝜔𝑡
ⅆ𝑥
And Velocity of the piston V =
ⅆ𝑡
ⅆ
= r – r cos 𝜔𝑡
ⅆ𝑡
= 0 – r[-sin 𝜔𝑡] 𝑋 𝜔
= 𝜔r sin 𝜔𝑡
According to the continuity equation,
Volume of the water flowing /sec into the cylinder = Volume of the water
flowing /sec from the pipe
So VXA=vXa
A
v= ×V
a
A
= ωr sin ωt
a
ⅆv ⅆ A
The acceleration of the water in pipe = = [ ωr sin ωt]
ⅆt ⅆt a
A 2
= ω r cos ωt
a
Now the total mass of the water in pipe = Density of water X Area of the pipe
X Length of the pipe
=ρXaX𝑙
So the value of the force required to accelerate the water in the pipe( Suction pipe or delivery
pipe) = Total mass of the water in pipe X acceleration of the water in pipe
A 2
= ρ a 𝑙 X ω r cos ωt
a
the force required to accelerate the water
Hence the intensity of pressure due to acceleration =
Area of the pipe
𝜌 𝑎 𝑙 X 𝐴𝑎𝜔2 r cos 𝜔𝑡
=
𝑎
𝐴 2
=𝜌𝑙X 𝜔 r cos 𝜔𝑡
𝑎

𝐴 2
=𝜌𝑙X 𝜔 r cos 𝜃
𝑎
So the value of pressure head (ℎ𝑎 ) due to acceleration,
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
ℎ𝑎 =
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑋 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝜌𝑙 X 𝐴𝑎𝜔2 r cos 𝜃
=
𝜌𝑋𝑔
𝑙 𝐴 2
= X 𝜔 r cos 𝜃 …………………………………………(1)
𝑔 𝑎
If 𝑎𝑠 = area of the suction pipe
𝑎𝑑 = area of the delivery pipe
𝑙𝑠 = length of the suction pipe
𝑙𝑑 = length of the delivery pipe
And if the pressure head due to acceleration in suction pipe and delivery pipe are ℎ𝑎𝑠 and
ℎ𝑎𝑑 respectively then according to the equation no. 1,
𝑙𝑠 𝐴 2
ℎ𝑎𝑠 = X 𝜔 r cos 𝜃 …………………………………………….(2)
𝑔 𝑎𝑠
𝑙𝑑 𝐴
ℎ𝑎𝑑 = X 𝜔2 r cos 𝜃 …………………………………………….(3)
𝑔 𝑎𝑑
Also we can observe from equation no.1 that,
𝑙 𝐴
When 𝜃 = 00 ℎ𝑎 = X 𝜔2 r
𝑔 𝑎
When 𝜃 = 900 ℎ𝑎 =0
𝑙 𝐴
When 𝜃 = 1800 ℎ𝑎 = - X 𝜔2 r
𝑔 𝑎
𝑙 𝐴 2
So the Maximum pressure head due to acceleration (ℎ𝑎 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = X 𝜔 r
𝑔 𝑎
Effect of variation of velocity on friction in the
suction and delivery pipes
The loss of head due to fiction in a pipe is given by,
4f𝑙v2
ℎ𝑓 =
ⅆ X 2g
Where f = coefficient of friction, 𝑙 = length of the pipe
d = diameter of the pipe, v = velocity of flow in pipe
A
But v = 𝜔r sin 𝜃
𝑎
4f𝑙 A
So ℎ𝑓 = 𝑋 ( 𝜔r sin 𝜃)2 ……………………………(4)
ⅆ X 2g 𝑎
We can observe that the variation of ℎ𝑓 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝜃 is parabolic.
So if hfs and hfⅆ denote the head loss due to friction in suction and delivery
pipes respectively then,
4f𝑙𝑠 A
hfs = 𝑋 ( 𝜔r sin 𝜃)2
𝑑𝑠 X 2g 𝑎𝑠
4f𝑙𝑑 A
hf𝑑 = 𝑋 ( 𝜔r sin 𝜃)2
𝑑𝑑 X 2g 𝑎𝑑
Where 𝑑𝑠 and 𝑑𝑑 are the diameters of suction and delivery pipes respectively.
We can observe from equation no. 4,
When 𝜃 = 00 ℎ𝑓 = 0 as sin 00 = 0
4f𝑙 A
When 𝜃 = 900 ℎ𝑓 = 𝑋 ( 𝜔r)2 as sin 900 =1
ⅆ X 2g 𝑎
When 𝜃 = 1800 ℎ𝑓 = 0 as sin 1800 = 0
And maximum value of head loss due to friction,
4f𝑙 A
(ℎ𝑓 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑋 ( 𝜔r)2
ⅆ X 2g 𝑎

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