LEADERSHIP AND TEAM EFFECTIVENESS

LECTURE – 39
LEADING TEAMS: ENHANCING TEAMWORK WITHIN A GROUP
PROF. SANTOSH RANGNEKAR
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
 CONTENTS
• Teamwork and Necessity of Teamwork
• Characteristics and Components of Teamwork
• Benefits of Teamwork
• Factors that promote Teamwork in groups
• Leader’s Role in Teamwork
• Commitment & Agreements
• Meetings
• Conflict Resolution
• Essential leader’s skills for Teamwork
• Research paper
• Case study
• Book recommendation
• References
Image Source: https://fi.pinterest.com/pin/61994932345288867/

2
“Individuals play the game, but teams win
championships.”
-Bill Parcells

3
Teamwork
• Teamwork is an understanding and commitment to a common goal on the
part of all team members.
• Team work is when two or more people work together cohesively, towards a
common goal, creating a positive working atmosphere, and supporting each
to combine individual strengths to enhance team performance.
• Teamwork is the concept of the people working together cooperatively as a
team in order to accomplish the same goal/objectives.
• The increased acceptance and use of teams suggests
that their usage offers many benefits.
• Simply Stated, it is less me and more we.

4
 Teamwork (Cont.)
• Teamwork results from combined actions of a
group of people, especially when they work
together in an efficient and effective capacity.

• Teamwork involves the joint efforts of a

T – Together
E – Everyone
A – Achieve
M – More
Image Source: https://glistrategies.com/why-is-teamwork-important/

5
 Necessity of Teamwork
• Teamwork is very necessary because together brings
the knowledge and skill of people which help in identify
and in solving mutual problems with less errors
• Instead of working individually the work will be easy if
work together as team form.
• The team member believe in word “WE” not “I” which
really help in work/task/goal success.
• An Opportunity for Healthy Competition
• Cross Knowledge Exchange with the ability to work
together.

Image Source: https://www.teachmeteamwork.com/teachmeteamwork/2007/09/teamwork-on-the.html

6
 Characteristics of Teamwork
• Having clear, logical objectives
• Supportive, informal group atmosphere. Use of Humor
• Listening to others and giving constructive feedback
• Having people who can coordinate and accept responsibility
• Collaborate for deliverables
• Benefits from working collaboratively
• Know when team work should be used to optimize results
• Share information which may lead to shared decision.
• Mutual Dependence
• People with different skills – delegation to right skill
person
• Everyone under their roles and tasks
Image Source: https://www.canstockphoto.com/teamwork-2895935.html

7
Components for Teamwork
Communication

Coordination

Mutual Support

Effort

Social Identity

8
 Benefits of Teamwork
• Foster Creativity and Learning
• Blends Complementary Strengths
• Builds Trust and support
• Teaches Conflict Resolution Skills
• Improves client satisfaction
• Promote a wider sense of ownership
• Encourages Healthy Risk-Taking
• Reduces workload
• Reduces staff shortages
• Reduces stress and burnout amongst workers
• Innovation
Image Source: https://www.clipartkey.com/view/ihRRxo_teamwork-microsoft-clip-art-team-clipart-png/

9
 Common Problems in Teamwork
• Poor project management, ineffective leader
• Failure to compromise or cooperate
• Lack of participation
• Procrastination and Lack of Confidence
• Poor quality work
• Conflict among Team members
• Ineffective peer evaluation
• Under resource estimation
• Technical challenging

Image Source: https://startupmindset.com/5-tips-for-leaders-to-follow-when-team-members-grow-stubborn/ Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/81428884@N07/8546105794

10
 Leader’s Role in Teamwork
Leaders has different key roles in teams which
they play very efficiently. With respect to
ensuring teamwork quality by the team leader
has to perform the following task so that spirit
of teamwork can be maintained in the
populations
• Effective communication
• Effective meetings
• Commitments
• Team working agreement
• Conflict management
Image Source: https://www.vecteezy.com/vector-art/2416961-teamwork-with-leader-in-the-boat-business-concept-vector-illustration-
flat-style-design-vector-illustration-isolated-on-blue-background-businessmen-working-together-teamwork-and-leadership-concept

11
Leader’s Role in Teamwork Commitments
❑ Responsible Commitments
• Team members should make responsible commitments and strive to
meet them
• Members must trust on another to do what they say
• Commitment is an ethic that must be learned
❑ Making Commitments
• Commitment must be freely assumed
• The commitment is public
• Make responsible commitments
o Define & estimate the work
o Conclude you can do it or not.

12
 Leader’s Role in Teamwork Agreement
❑ Teamwork agreement
• A contact which all team members signup to.
• Each team member is expected to abide by the
contract.
• Expectations each team has for its members
• Designed specifically for each team
• All members accountable for statements in agreement
❑ Leader’s Role
• Taking input of every member before finalization
• Ensure communication of Agreement
• Managing responsibilities as per the agreement
• Ensuring every member do their task as assigned
Image Source: https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-illustration-businessman-handshake-agreement-vector-imsge-paper-image79375623

13
 Leader Role in Meetings for Teamwork
❑ Scheduling
• As early as possible
• Regular Timings
• Make sure everyone can attend the meeting
• Start meeting when everyone is there
• Meeting place and time should be sufficient
• Decide how far into the project team should meet
o Don’t spend too much time only meeting
❑ Preparation
• Create Agenda
• Distribute Agenda to provoke thought
Image Source : https://www.clipartkey.com/view/bbhxJm_staff-meeting-clip-art/

14
Leader Role in Meetings for Teamwork (Cont.)
❑ Procedure
• Complete each agenda item before moving to next
• Start discussion with a presentation of currently known facts
• Comment and criticism should be actively solicited from all team
members (invite some controversy)
• Presenting different ideas should be encouraged
• Differing ideas should be openly discussed. The differences must be
understood.
• Advantages and disadvantages of each idea should
be point out
• Each person must leave meeting with something
specific to do before the next meeting (Action item)

15
Leader Role of Conflict Resolution in Teamwork
“Coming together is a beginning, keeping together is progress, working together
is success.”
• Conflict in Teamwork is indicative of introduction of variety of ideas.
• Conflict management is essential to the success of team and maintaining the
spirit of teamwork
• Different approaches leader can use for Conflict Management:
• Negotiating
• Compromising
• Forcing
• Avoiding
• Organized Confronting
16
 Essential Leader’s Skills for Teamwork
• Listening & Questioning • Respecting

• Feedback • Caring

• Persuading • Supporting

Image Source: https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/vector-set-of-linear-icons-related-to-human-resource-leadership-traits-striving-for-gm1282533726-380237636

17
 Essential Leader’s Skills for Teamwork (Cont.)
• Problem-Solving • Accountability

• Delegating • Decision-Making

• Motivating • Positivity

Image Source: https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/vector-set-of-linear-icons-related-to-human-resource-leadership-traits-striving-for-gm1282533726-380237636

18
Research Paper

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review
of papers in ten top scholarly journals to determine their
overall examination of leadership in teams and to identify
which models of teamwork and leadership have been most
explored by researchers.
19
Research Paper
Design/methodology/approach
This paper reaches its findings through content analysis of 80 journal papers
published in top academic journals from 1999 through 2012. Coding based on
categories of teams, leadership and leadership styles conformed to forced choice
and latent coding; two independent reviewers managed the subjectivity of the
coding.
Findings
Sixty per cent of the papers studied explored a group of
workers whose teamwork was expected to be permanent,
which receives a strong direction from a designated leader;
almost that many (58.75 per cent) explored a group
working with formal leadership by the worker’s supervisor;
20
Research Paper
Findings (Cont.)
almost 50 per cent of papers explored leadership that combined two or more
leadership styles simultaneously. This heavy concentration of the literature in a
few areas suggests that research on other types of teamwork and leadership is
minimal.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the field by creating taxonomy to
categorize the types of leaders and teams and presenting
an explanation on the distinction between traditional and
horizontal style of leadership. In identifying major trends in
the existent literature, this examination provides valuable
information for researchers.
21
Research Paper
Research Limitations/implications
This particular research utilized the latent coding method of content analysis and
forced choice in the selections. Even though content analysis has many strengths,
the latent coding method of content analysis and forced choice selections require
the researcher to examine the overall content to determine whether certain
variables were present or absent. After the examination of the overall content, a
subjective interpretation of the data is needed from the researcher.
Other researchers that look at the same data may
interpret the data differently.

22
Research Paper
Practical implications
This research provides researchers, academics and practitioners with a
comprehensive analysis on teamwork and leadership. The extensive investigation
presents a pivotal starting point for further developments in this emerging area.
The content analysis found a proliferation of diverse organizations utilizing
teamwork, and this subject should be researched more vigorously.
As organizations continue to embrace, pursue and
promote teamwork, understanding the current state of
the field will assist in having better understanding on
how to develop effective teams.

23
 Case Study : Teamwork
• Students in Mrs. R’s class are required to do a half hour team presentation on
a topic of their choice. Mrs. R randomly assigns students to teams.
• Students have approximately four weeks to research and prepare, including
two hours of class time. Marks are given based on an instructor evaluation of
the presentation combined with a peer evaluation by their team members.
Jane, Robert, Danny, Sharon and Liz were assigned to Team 3.
• During their first team meeting they introduced themselves and began to
decide on a topic. After 45 minutes, they were still trying to settle on a topic.
• They finally settled on Money Management, however
the instructor informed them that another team had
already chosen that topic but Conflict Management was
still available.
Source: https://oncourseworkshop.com/interdependence/case-study-team-work/

24
 Case Study (Cont.)
• During the last 15 minutes, Robert tried to convince the group that they
should present a role-play of conflict. Sharon wanted to do research and give a
more detailed, informational presentation. Jane was excited by the role-play
idea and suggested they make a video presentation of their own play-acting.
• Danny fell asleep some time before the topic was chosen and Liz sat quietly
listening to her teammates. At the end of the class no work division had
occurred but the team agreed to meet in a study area at 4:15 on next Monday.
• After waiting for Danny until 4:30, the team decided to
start without him. Jane announced she had to leave in
twenty minutes because she had to pick up her child at
the day care by 5:00.
Source: https://oncourseworkshop.com/interdependence/case-study-team-work/

25
 Case Study (Cont.)
• Robert was ready to start script writing but Sharon wanted to discuss the
content of their presentation and assign research Liz just listened quietly. An
argument ensued, and Jane had to leave before a decision was reached. The
next meeting was to be held during their class time the next week.
• Before the next meeting, Robert convinced Jane for role-play, and together
they put together a draft script, working hard to make the skit funny and
entertaining. Robert confronted Danny and warned him to attend the class
meeting or he wouldn’t get a part in the play.
• In meantime, Sharon picked up 6 books from the library
and printed four articles from the Internet. She prepared
an outline of various aspects of conflict management. Liz
just worried about her role in the whole project.
Source: https://oncourseworkshop.com/interdependence/case-study-team-work/

26
 Case Study (Cont.)
• At the class meeting, all team members were present. Robert informed the
group that he and Jane had decided to do a skit, and they had a script all
ready. Then he began to assign parts to his teammates.
• Sharon was incensed and insisted the script was short on content and
demanded that they re-build the script around her outline.
• Robert said he wanted no part in a boring presentation. Danny did not show
up to the remaining team meetings. Liz agreed to do a small part in the play.
Jane promised to gather props and costumes.
• Sharon stubbornly insisted on preparing an
informational presentation. She would have liked to
have this integrated into the role-play but Robert would
not agree to change his script.
Source: https://oncourseworkshop.com/interdependence/case-study-team-work/

27
 Case Study (Cont.)
• They planned a practice of the role-play during their math class on the
morning of October 16, the day of their presentation.
• On the morning of October 16, Danny did not come to school and Liz forgot to
bring the props. The practice ended up being more of an argument session.
Danny showed up just before Student Success was to start and said “You mean
it’s today?!”
• Liz was very nervous and felt very sick. She wasn’t sure she could do her part.
The presentation began with Sharon reading her lengthy introduction and
then the skit began
• The skit was five minutes in length. The whole
presentation left the other class members confused and
it ran twelve minutes instead of the required thirty.
Source: https://oncourseworkshop.com/interdependence/case-study-team-work/

28
Case Study (Cont.)
Questions
Q1) In your team, each member is to choose one of the characters in the case
study. Complete the evaluation for your character and for the other members
of the team.
Q2) In your character groups, discuss the strengths and weaknesses displayed by
your character. Make a list of at least three suggestions that could have
improved that character’s input to the team project.
Q3) Discuss your own personal strengths and weaknesses
as you perceive them regarding your contribution to
the team project. Write a list of guidelines for the
team to follow.

29
 Book Recommendation
Teamwork: What Must Go Right/What Can Go Wrong
Authors: Carl E. Larson
Frank M. J. LaFasto
Publisher: Sage Publications Inc;
(August, 1989)
Language: English
Paperback: 158 Pages
ISBN-10: 0803932901
ISBN-13: 978-0803932906

Image Source: https://www.amazon.in/Teamwork-Right-Wrong-Interpersonal-Communication/dp/0803932901/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1628739014&sr=1-2

30
 Book Recommendation
In this book, Authors explored 8 properties of successful
teams:
1. a clear, elevating goal;
2. a results-driven structure;
3. competent team members;
4. unified commitment;
5. collaborative climate;
6. standards of excellence;
7. external support and recognition;
8. principled leadership.
A final chapter examines the priority of the steps that lead
to the building of a high performance team.
Image Source: https://www.amazon.in/Teamwork-Right-Wrong-Interpersonal-Communication/dp/0803932901/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1628739014&sr=1-2

31
References
1. Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C., & Curphy, G. J. (2015). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons
of Experience (8th Edition). McGraw Hill.
2. Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2016). Leadership: Theory, Application, & Skill
Development (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.
3. Northouse, P. G. (2019). Leadership Theory and Practice Eighth Edition (8th ed.). Sage
Publications, Inc.
4. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Vohra, N. (2016). Organizational Behavior (16th Edition).
Pearson Education Inc.

32
Thank You