Chapter 3
Chapter 3
3.1 Introduction
Translating texts of Science and Technology is complex because it requires
proper understanding of the subject as well as special knowledge of both the source
and target languages in order to produce accurate translation of highly specific
terminology.
In translating texts of Science and Technology, a misperception of the
meaning of the text or incorrect use of terminology can lead to a complete distortion
of the meaning in the translated material. In addition, texts of Science and
Technology in English often appear as objective as possible, so sentences are
impersonal. However, in Vietnamese way of expression, passive voice is not very
commonly used. Passive sentences are often restructured into active expressions in
English-Vietnamese translation. Therefore, it is imperative to do much research
related to the topic of the source text before any translation is done.
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The following tasks will assist you to develop your vocabulary in science and
technology.
Task 1: Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write A–J next to the
numbers 1–10, then provide a Vietnamese equivalent for each term.
Across
1. Study of biological interactivity
5. Basic substances
8. Plain with frozen subsoil
10. Atmosphere
11. Neutral subatomic particle
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Down
1. Subatomic particle
2. Marine life environment
3. Mineral-rich material
4. Have you finished the crossword _ _ _?
6. The Acronym for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
7. Dual-channel audio signal
9. Lymph or bile vessel
(Source: English Club)
Task 4: Choose the best response for each one.
1. We’re looking for three programmers to help us develop our web-based ................
A. applications B. appliances C. applause
2. You have to test the program to ensure that it works ................
A. to expect it B. as expected C. like it expected
3. Many programmers use libraries of (modifiable) code instead of ............... from
scratch.
A. coding B. code C. coded
4. Proprietary software is software that can be used ............... by the company that
develops it. (= no one else can use it)
A. including B. exclusively C. inclusively
5. Boris is going to be helping us to implement various software sub-................
A. parts B. pieces C. components
6. He’s really good at ................ (= finding a problem and fixing it).
A. trouble B. fault-finding C. troubleshooting
7. Do you have any experience with integrating internal software solutions into
............... (= external) application software?
A. third party B. second party C. first party
8. Programmers with ............... or licenses are not necessarily better coders.
A. certified B. certifications C. papers
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9. How good are you ............... stored procedures?
A. on writing B. when writing C. at writing
10. What’s another word for “testing”?
A. debugging B. evolving C. debunking
3.3 Practice
Text 1
Activity 1: Read the text and discuss these questions.
1. What is the text about?
2. What is the purpose of the author in this text?
3. Are there any particular terms or expressions that need further research
before translation?
Language Note
Translating reporting verbs
A reporting verb (such as say, tell, believe, reply, respond, or ask) is used to
indicate that discourse is being quoted or paraphrased. A reporting verb also
communicates the author’s attitude, feeling and thinking, and thus it is not just an
act of saying something. For example, in explanation or conclusion, the writer often
has a neutral position. However, in suggestions, agreements/disagreements and
persuasion, the writer’s use of reporting verbs may imply a weak position, a neutral
positions or a strong position. The following table presents some examples of
reporting verbs used to imply the writer’s attitude.
Function Weak position Neutral position Strong position
addition add
conclusion conclude, find, infer,
realize
agreement admit, concede accept, agree, applaud, support
confirm, recognise
belief guess, hope, believe, claim, feel, assert, guarantee,
imagine declare, express, insist
maintains, thinks
discussion comment discuss, explore reason
presentation confuse comment, define, announces,
describe, estimate, promises
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identify, illustrate,
imply, inform, list,
mention, note, state,
observe, point out,
present, remark,
report, reveal, show
suggestion allege, speculate advise, posit, suggest, assert, urge,
postulate, propose, recommend
(Adapted from The University of Adelaide, 2014)
It is important to understand the nuances of these reporting verb in translation
in order to reproduce the target text in a way that is closest in meaning of the source
text.
Activity 2: Translate the text into Vietnamese. Take into consideration the issues
discussed in Activity 1.
INTERNET ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
A recent survey suggests that
people who use the Internet too much
may have mental health problems.
The survey said that people who are
addicted to the Internet have problems
in life if they cannot get online
regularly. The survey is from
McMaster University in Canada.
Researchers looked at the Internet
habits of 254 students and then looked at the students’ general mental health.
Thirty-three of the students were addicted to the Internet. The researchers said
another 107 students had problems because of their Internet use. These included
depression, anxiety, impulsiveness and inattention. A professor revealed we still
know little about the dangers of Internet addiction and need to do more research
into it.
The lead researcher in the study, professor Michael Van Ameringen,
explained what kind of problems he found with students. He said that students
who addicted to the Internet had significantly more trouble dealing with their day-
to-day activities, including life at home, at work or school and in social settings.
Professor Van Ameringen also added that people with Internet addiction had
significantly higher amounts of depression and anxiety symptoms, problems with
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planning and time management. Therefore, it is necessary to find out not only
how big the problem of Internet addiction is, but also whether mental health
problems caused Internet addiction.
(Adapted from Breaking News English)
Text 2
Activity 1: Read the text and discuss these questions.
1. What is the text about?
2. What is the purpose of the author in this text?
3. Are there any particular terms or expressions that need further research
before translation?
Activity 2: Translate the text into English. Take into consideration the issues
discussed in Activity 1.
CÔNG NGHỆ SẢN XUẤT TRỨNG GÀ GIÀU OMEGA-3
Omega-3 là một acid béo quan trọng đối với cơ thể chúng ta, nó góp phần
đáng kể trong việc phòng ngừa các bệnh về tim mạch, ung thư, tiểu đường, suy
giảm trí nhớ và nguy cơ bệnh Alzheimer. Nó cũng làm giảm nồng độ triglycerides
và cholesterol trong máu. Omega-3 rất cần thiết cho sự phát triển não và thị giác
của thai nhi.
Từ những năm 1990, đã có rất
nhiều nghiên cứu về Omega-3 trên
toàn thế giới, đặc biệt là các nghiên
cứu tạo ra sản phẩm thực phẩm giàu
Omega-3. Một số sản phẩm đã và
đang được thương mại hóa trên thị
trường như sữa tăng cường Omega-3, mayonnaise, trứng gà giàu Omega-3. Các
sản phẩm này có mặt hầu hết tại các quốc gia tiên tiến như Mỹ, Úc, Canada, Nhật
và Châu Âu, v.v.
Tại Việt Nam, Phòng thí nghiệm Công nghệ sinh học Động vật thuộc Viện
Sinh học nhiệt đới đã nghiên cứu và sản xuất thành công sản phẩm trứng gà giàu
Omega-3 để bán ra thị trường, sản phẩm trứng gà này có hàm lượng Omega-3 cao
hơn từ 5-8 lần so với trứng gà bình thường.
(Adapted from VAST, 2014)
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Text 3
Activity 1: Read the text and discuss these questions.
1. What is the text about?
2. What is the purpose of the author in this text?
3. Are there any particular terms or expressions that need further research
before translation?
Activity 2: Translate the text into Vietnamese. Take into consideration the issues
discussed in Activity 1.
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Since then the bicycle has become the most common form of transport in
the world, especially in developing countries. Non-polluting and easy to ride, it
has a big future as the town vehicle of tomorrow. Thanks Pate!
(Source: Lingua Press)
Text 4
Activity 1: Read the text and discuss these questions.
1. What is the text about?
2. What is the purpose of this text?
3. Are there any particular terms or expressions that need further research
before translation?
Language Note
Translating chemical terms
In the exchange of the modern scientific knowledge, there has been a
problem of translating scientific terms from European languages to East Asian
languages. Chemical names are among the difficult terms to translate between
English and Vietnamese. Therefore, we need to look out for different situations.
One thing to bear in mind is that modern scientific knowledge in Vietnam
inherited from that of the French during the French colonization. Most of the
chemical terms, especially the chemical compounds, are from French, which have
a reverse word order of English. However, the process of French borrowing and
Vietnamizing makes it even more complicated. For example, the English term
‘carbon dioxide’ is equivalent to French dioxide de carbone, which came to
Vietnamese as cacbon dioxit.
Another consideration is that English names for chemicals are not always the
same as Latin names. Potassium is an example. As the Latin name is kalium, it has
the chemical symbol K. Vietnamese borrows this to call it Ka-li in Vietnamese.
Some other terms, in addition, have their pure Vietnamese terms such as thủy ngân
(mercury) and nhôm (aluminum).
You can find many of these cases in text 4.
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Activity 2: Translate the text into English. Take into consideration the issues
discussed in Activity 1.
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3.4 Further Practice
The following texts are for further practice to enhance the vocabulary and
sharpen skills in translating texts related to the theme of Science and Technology.
Text 5
Translate the following text into Vietnamese
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Text 6
Translate the following text into English
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