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HINDU COLLEGE OF DESIGN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING SONEPAT DEPARTMENT

OF ARCHITECTURE DISSERTATION BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN DISSERTATION SUPERVISOR
AR. NAVEEN KUMAR SUBMITTED BY SUSHANT PAL ROLL NO 17025006020 2021
 Department of Architecture Hindu College of Design, Architecture and Planning,
Sonepat CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Dissertation report titled “TECHNOLOGY
AND TOOLS FOR DESIGNING IN ARCHITECTURE” has been submitted by SUSHANT PAL
(17025006020) in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
Bachelor’s of Architecture.

This is a Bonafede work done by the student and has not been submitted to any
Institution for the award of any other degree.
 DECLARATION I, SUSHANT PAL, the author of this dissertation “TECHNOLOGY AND
TOOLS FOR DESIGNING IN ARCHITECTURE”, hereby declare that this is an independent
work of mine, carried out towards the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the Bachelor’s of Architecture at Hindu College of Design, Architecture and
Planning, Sonepat. This work has not been submitted to any other Institution for the
award of any other degree.

Dated: Place:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deep recognition and sincere
appreciation to AR. NAVEEN KUMAR for his generous patience, valuable guidance,
advice and precious time and effort throughout all stages of conducting this
dissertation. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to my
college, Hindu college of Design Architecture and Planning, Sonepat for the valuable
information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through various
stages. I am very grateful to all my friends and colleagues for their support and help.

Finally, I would like to express my deep love and appreciation to my family for all their
love, care, support and assistance and for always being there for me.
 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 BACKGROUND 7 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE 8 1.3
AIM OF STUDY 8 1.4 OBJECTIVES 9 1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 10 1.6 ARCH
QUESTIONS 10 1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 11 2. PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN
12 2.1 INTRODUCTION 12 2.2 REDISCOVERING THE INTUITIVELY OBVIOUS 12 2.3

APPLICATIONS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN 13 2.3.1 Direct Experience of Nature 13 2.3.2

Indirect Experience of Nature 13 2.3.3 Experience of Space and Place 13 2.4
NATURE-DESIGN RELATIONSHIPS 16 2.4.1 Nature in the Space 16 2.4.2 Natural
Analogues 18 2.4.3 Nature of the Space 18 3. LITERATURE STUDY 19 3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Theories pertaining to Biophilia 19 3.2.1 Theories on Psycho- Evolutionary and
Restorative Preferences 20 3.2.2

Theories on Nature-Based and Environmental Preferences 22 3.2.3 Inference and

Conclusion 23 3.3 Components as Patterns of Biophilia 25 3.3.1 14 Patterns of Biophilic
Design 25 3.3.2 Dimensions, Elements and Attributes of Biophilic Design 30 3.3.3
Restorative Environment Design (RED) 32 3.3.4 Inference and Conclusion 32 4. CASE
STUDY 33 4.1 Need 33 4.2 Analysis Table 33 4.3 Limitations 33 4.3.1 Site Selection 33
4.3.2 Criteria for Analysis 33 4.4

Site 1: Delhi Technological University 33 4.5 Site 2: Manav Rachna International

University 36 4.6 Inference and Conclusion 38 5. LITERATURE STUDY 39 5.1 URBAN
FARM AT PASONA GROUP OFFICES 39 5.2 APARTMENTS 45 6. PERSPECTIVE FOR
PLANING AND DESIGN PROCESS 50 6.1 INTRODUCTION 50 6.2 DIVERSTITY OF DESIGN
STRATEGIES 50 7. CONCLUSION 52
INTRODUCTION We as a whole require spatial information on our condition.

Numerous individuals spend the better piece of their day in a constructed situation, and
hence, quite a bit of their idea about space is straightforwardly entwined with the
structural and urban type of their environmental factors. How does the type of
individuals' environmental factors influence their spatial information? The expectation of
this paper is to make a connection between human spatial discernment inquire about
and structural plan through audit of three significant research articles and some
supporting papers.

A trial assessment was coordinated with human subjects in complex staggered

fabricating structures and verbally handling shows and thought for execution extents of
experienced and unpracticed individuals in different way finding tasks were investigated.
Spatial wisdom and way finding research similarly as plan insight are settled as fields of
exploration.

It is in any case generally obscure how modelers reason when they attempt to
coordinate way-discovering benevolent elements into their structures. In two
semi-coordinated gatherings engineers were drawn nearer to give examine on
certifiable model cases similarly as to comprehend predefined arrangement tasks. The
emotional assessment bases right on track of view taking and various aptitudes related
to the assumption for clients in the design.

The fundamental finding is that the expectation of visual access for single areas is
progressed nicely however that various areas are rarely thought of. An outcome would
be that expectation of clients' viewpoint is confined to scene like subjective stroll
through. Biophilic Design looks to associate our intrinsic need to offshoot with nature in
the cutting edge constructed climate.

An augmentation of the hypothesis of biophilia, biophilic configuration perceives that

our species has developed for over close to 100% of its set of experiences in versatile
reaction to the regular world and not to human made or counterfeit powers. The
strength of this association impacts on our own prosperity, usefulness and cultural
connections.

With an expanding level of the worldwide populace living in metropolitan regions,

understanding these associations, the significance of them and how they can illuminate
an engineering approach turns out to be considerably more significant. Established in
the examination of the subjects of biophilia and biophilic plan. BACKGROUND We as a
whole require spatial information on our condition so as to make a trip to the
supermarket and back, so as to address such inquiries as "Which is further west?", and in
request to give course bearings to guests to leaving town.

How we secure, store, and utilize this data is of central excitement to the field of spatial
awareness. Various people spend the better piece of their day in a produced area, for
instance the metropolitan world (with evolving thickness) of designs, roads, parks,
parking structures, squares, and squares that has been arranged and created by
individuals.

Thusly, a great deal of their thought regarding space (spatial judgment and memory)
and improvement through space (way finding) is clearly entwined with the primary and
metropolitan sort of their natural variables. How does the type of individuals' urban
environmental factors influence their spatial information on those spots? Specifically,
how does urban structure influence spatial
Judgment furthermore, memory? These inquiries, just as the topic of spatial perception
all the more for the most part, are personally associated with various different subjects
of study in the field of intellectual science.

Spatial data is usually gotten through direct association in an area or through usage of
depictions of that condition, for instance, maps. Taking in and seeing this external
information basically incorporates perception (by and large visual or
sound-related).Besides, in the instance of direct understanding, one's body
demonstrations in and travels through the encompassing condition.

Accordingly, issues of epitomized/installed activity and insight emerge in the

investigation of spatial insight. Here spotlight is given explicitly on the interaction of
urban structure with spatial judgment and memory. The term psychological guide
adequately alludes to the psychological portrayals that store a individual's spatial
information on a situation.

Be that as it may, the term is famously vague – the structure it takes on varies from
hypothesis to hypothesis. Psychological maps might be viewed as genuine metric maps,
map-like in structure, acting like maps practically speaking, or advantageous fictions. For
the inspirations driving this examination, which revolves around execution in spatial
judgment and memory tasks, the last view was gotten and just remembered to be a
scholarly manual for be one's spatial data on a circumstance.

As indicated by this viewpoint, an intellectual guide is molded by various procedures

that don't really follow the limitations of physical maps. SIGNIFICANCE What are the
natural highlights that can prompt route breakdowns? A spearheading study on indoor
route was led and recognized principal parts of a structure's course organize, similar to
decision focuses, directional changes and separations as applicable indicators of way
discovering troubles in complex structures.

Various investigations, particularly in the natural brain science network, have since
examined the explanations behind way discovering troubles. For case, recognizes four
general classes of natural factors that shape way finding circumstances: visual access,
the level of engineering separation, the utilization of signs and room numbers, and floor
plan design.

Further examinations highlighted the effect of design intricacy on both way discovering
execution and subjective mapping, late investigations have been led in air terminals
shopping centers and colleges. Another fundamental point is by all accounts the
recognition with the structure. Point out that commonality with a structure has
considerable effect on way finding execution.

So does visual access inside the structure: If huge pieces of the structure are promptly
obvious and common indissoluble nature (vistas) associates the pieces of the structure,
individuals need to depend less on put away spatial information and can depend on
data legitimately accessible in their field of vision. An inconvenience of these lines of
research is that floor plan multifaceted nature and design just as visual access have been
characterized rather casually in the writing talked about over The Space Syntax
development has presented formalized, chart-based records of format designs into
building examination.

AIM OF STUDY Architecture manages the plan, development and conceptualization of

fabricated space. It extraordinarily impacts the understanding and information on
direction and route frameworks. Planner plans to develop structures as unpredictable
frameworks of various building measurements.

To build up a sufficient and palatable trade-off is a basically spatial assignment.

Structural space isn't created on a clear sheet, yet continually in regard to the current
condition and thus in a high-dimensional choice space. North of 40 years back Le
Corbusier highlighted the chance of improvement as a central subject in the theory of
primary arrangement.

As agreed by the designers that the impression of a built space should be depicted as a
unique technique of improvement achieved by the way that we don't experience the
spatial arrangement of a construction as a static design. We observe building shapes
and plans really bit by bit. As such, from a client's perspective a couple of reasons for
innate limit, understandability and picture limit are crucial to fathom and interpret
building plans, e.g.,

places of interest, courses, ways what's more, walkways, and to isolate shapes and
constructions, organized space and building geography, besides, the close by
association among inside and outside space. ''The thought or picture of a structure is as
significant as the structure itself'' described as the association between compositional
space and its psychological picture. OBJECTIVES Different unmistakable way finding
systems have been depicted for two-layered (outside) settings.

People endeavor to restrict their overall deviation from the orientation of the goal
position, and at the same time avoid close by heading deviations at crossing points,
therefore keeping up a straight heading consistently. Nature is mentally partitioned into
regions which control course decisions. In any case, how individuals consolidate their
accessible information in way discovering procedures in the three-dimensional instance
of staggered structures? Here down underneath three procedures were alluded where
generally some thumb rules were embraced for way finding procedures.

Differentiation of three systems were proposed for discovering one's direction, even in
cases at the point when the manner in which discoverer doesn't have completely
evolved information about the spatial setting: The primary issue technique of finding
one's direction by remaining whatever amount as could be anticipated to outstanding
bits of the construction, like the standard segment anteroom and basic communicating
foyers, whether or not this requires great backup courses of action.

The course technique of picking courses that head towards and lead to the flat position
of the objective as straightforwardly as could be expected under the circumstances,
regardless of level-changes. The floor technique of first discovering one's way to the
floor of the goal, independent of the level situation of the objective.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS Biophilic configuration has a wide extent of materialness
in different areas of engineering spaces like private, business, office, medical care and
institutional structure utilizes, additionally having shifted medical advantages connected
with changing issues of every space.

It is vital to understand that biophilic configuration is something other than a better

approach to make individuals more effective by applying an inventive specialized device.
The fruitful utilization of biophilic configuration essentially relies upon taking on another
awareness toward nature, perceiving how much our physical and mental prosperity
keeps on depending on the nature of our associations with the world past ourselves of
which we actually stay a section. In a subtle way.

Existing scientific knowledge still, doesn’t tie definitely particular strategies to fairly
specific health benefits, since that relationship generally is still unclear .boundaries
between strategies really are also blurred, and will sort of many will kind of many times
particularly rely on the judgments to access the value of strategy a detailed survey, to
actually know the occupants response and level of wellbeing affected particularly due to
various variable, cant essentially be mostly carried out particularly due to the time
constraints, which for the most part shows that existing scientific knowledge still,
doesn’t tie pretty particular strategies to pretty specific health benefits, since that
relationship generally is still unclear .boundaries between strategies essentially are also
blurred, and will kind of many will for all intents and purposes many times actually rely
on the judgments to access the value of strategy a detailed survey, to for the most part
know the occupants response and level of well-being affected kind of due to various
variable, cant specifically be really carried out really due to the time constraints, which
specifically is fairly significant. 1.6

ARCH QUESTIONS The utilization of the systems characterized above plainly expects
access to data about the structure. With a domain as mind boggling as the structure in
our setting, the applicable kinds of information can turn out to be much entwined. To
address this, we examine the data necessities can be looked according to three
perspectives: First, the overall acknowledgment of the way pioneers with the design is
controlled for by differentiating a get-together of visitors new and the construction to a
social affair of repeat visitors.

Second, study information about the structure is distinguished for every member in a
pointing task. Furthermore, third, in a self-report proportion of ecological capacity the
fitness to develop natural information is surveyed. This structure, joined with verbal
reports and errand execution measures, will permit us to address the accompanying.
Research inquiries just as methodological concerns: Which procedures do way
discoverers utilize for exploring in the third measurement How does commonality with
the structure influence execution and the decision of route procedures? What is the job
of review information for staggered way discovering execution? Which intellectual
procedures can be recognized in verbal reports of way discovering assignments
furthermore, how would they identify with execution?
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY / PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN /
NATURE- DESIGN RELATIONSHIPS _NATURE- HEALTH RELATIONSHIPS _GOOD
BIOPHILIC DESIGN
/
COMMUNITIES _PLANNING FOR IMPLEMENTATION _LOCALLY APPROPRIATE DESIGN
 NEED OF THE COMMUNITY _ DESIRED RESPONSES AND OUTCOMES _ 14 PATTERNS
OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN
/
EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE _DESIGN STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS
THE BUSINESS CASE _QUALITY VS.

QUANTITY OF INTERVENTION
DESIGNING PEOPLE BACK TOGETHER _DURATION OF EXPOSURE
/ DESIGN STRATEGIES DESIGNING FOR COMMUNITY CASE STUDIES
PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN INTRODUCTION Biophilic design can diminish
pressure, upgrade innovativeness and deliberate focus, further develop our prosperity
and facilitate mending; as the absolute people continues to urbanize these qualities are
huge all the time.

Biophilia in simple words is the phenomenon of affinity of human beings towards other
living things. For instance, it is observed when humans interact with the nature, be it a
simple stroll on a regular day in the garden, a journey on a hill station, etc. Biophilia
assists with explaining why a few metropolitan stops and constructions are preferred
over others.

For an extensive time span, investigate analysts and design experts have been
endeavoring to portray portions of nature that most impact our satisfaction with the
assembled climate. The aim of this paper is to explain the connections between nature,
science, and the constructed condition with the goal that we may encounter the human
advantages of biophilia in our plan applications.

The paper displays a structure for biophilic plan that is intelligent of the
nature-wellbeing connections generally significant in the assembled condition – those
that are known to improve our lives through an association with nature. For numerous
years, researchers and structure experts have been attempting to characterize parts of
nature that most effect our fulfilment with the built environment.

In any case, how might we move from examination to application in a manner that
effectively redesigns prosperity and success, and by what strategy should feasibility be
judged? This paper puts biophilic structure in setting with compositional history,
prosperity sciences and current designing practices, and rapidly addresses key execution
considerations, by then present’s biophilic setup plans.

The models have been made through wide interdisciplinary examination and are
reinforced by trial verification and created by Christopher Alexander, Judith Heerwagen,
Rachel and Stephen Kaplan, Stephen Kellert, Roger Ulrich, and various others.
REDISCOVERING THE INTUITIVELY OBVIOUS Preceding and, surprisingly, after the
Industrial Revolution, by far most of people carried on with an agrarian presence, living
quite a bit of their lives among nature.

American scene engineer Frederick Law Olmsted contended in 1865, that "… the
satisfaction in landscape utilizes the brain without exhaustion but practices it, sedates it
but jazzes up it; and consequently, through the impact of the psyche over the body,
gives the impact of invigorating rest and revitalization to the entire framework"
(Olmsted, 1865).

However, with the beginning of industrial revolution, and as it started spreading its
branches worldwide, the essence of nature and its inspiration in the built structures
started to decline. There were numerous philosophers and designers who even tried to
fight back against such monotonous designs but they were oppressed thereafter.
 Henry David Thoreau assembled a lodge by Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts
from which he composed compositions on an easier life, associated with nature, which
actually resound in the American awareness. In medical clinic plan, daylight and a view
to nature was accepted to be significant, as should be visible in at St. Elizabeth's in
Washington, DC. Planned during the 1850s to the ideas of Dr.

Thomas Kirkbride, who "… trusted that the lovely setting… reestablished patients to a
more regular equilibrium of the faculties" (Sternberg, 2009) APPLICATIONS OF
BIOPHILIC DESIGN The central test of biophilic configuration is to address these lacks in
the cutting edge constructed climate by starting another structure for the gainful event
of nature. The powerful utilization of biophilic configuration starts with sticking to the
recently portrayed fundamental standards.

From that point, specific acts of biophilic configuration can be utilized to assist with
carrying out sure and useful results. These applications of biophilic design are listed
below 2.3.1 Direct Experience of Nature Light Air Water Plants Animals Natural
Landscapes and Ecosystems, Weather 2.3.2

Indirect Experience of Nature Pictures of Nature Natural Materials Natural Colours

Versatility and Wayfinding Social and Ecological Attachment to Place Simulating Natural
Light and Air Naturalistic Shapes and Forms Inspiring Nature Data Richness Age,
Change, and the Patina of Time Regular Geometries Biomimicry 2.3.3 Experience of
Space and Place Organized Complexity Integration of Parts to Wholes Transitional
Spaces
 The term 'biophilia' was first composed by friendly examiner Eric Fromm (The Heart of
Man, 1964) and later progressed by specialist Edward Wilson (Biophilia, 1984).

The various connotations - which have progressed from inside the fields science and
mind research, and been acclimated to the areas of neuroscience, endocrinology,
designing and past - all relate back to the yearning for a (re)connection with nature and
normal structures. That we should be innately disposed to incline toward specific sorts
of nature and trademark view, expressly the savanna, was set by Gordon Orians and
Judith Heerwagen (Savanna Hypothesis, 1986), and could speculatively be a contributing
motivation for moving to the suburbs, with the provincial yard being a savanna for
everyone.

With the rise of the green structure development in the mid-1990s, linkages were made
between worked on natural quality and laborer efficiency (Browning and Romm, 1994).
While the financial gains due to productivity improvements were considered significant,
productivity was identified as a placeholder for health and well- being, which have even
broader impact.

The translation of biophilia as a hypothesis into plan of the made spaces was the subject
of a 2004 collecting and following book on biophilic plan (Eds., Kellert, Heerwagen and
Mador, 2008) in which Stephen Kellert saw more than 70 explicit instruments for
impelling a biophilic experience, and contributing journalists William Browning and
Jenifer Seal-Cramer spread out three methodologies of client experiencer: Nature in the
Space, Natural Analogs, and Nature of the Space.

As of late, biophilic design is being upheld as an indispensable philosophy for having a

tendency to workplace stress, student execution, getting recuperating, network
cohesiveness and other conspicuous challenges to prosperity and all things considered
thriving. NATURE-DESIGN RELATIONSHIPS Biophilic setup can be figured out into three
groupings - Nature in the Space, Natural Analogs, and Nature of the Space - giving a
design to comprehension and engaging sagacious union of a rich arranged assortment
of methods into the built condition.

Nature in the Space Nature in the Space addresses the immediate, physical and
transient nearness of nature in a space or spot. This incorporates vegetationt, water and
creatures, just as breezes, sounds, Aromas and other normal components. Normal
models fuse pruned plants, flowerbeds, winged animal feeders, butterfly gardens, water
features, wellsprings, aquariums, deck gardens and green dividers or vegetated
housetops.
The most grounded Nature in the Space experiences are achieved through the making
of critical, direct relationship with these ordinary parts, particularly through grouped
assortment, improvement and multi-material collaboration.
Nature in the Space includes seven biophilic configuration designs: Visual Connection
with Nature - A view to components of nature, living frameworks and regular cycles.

Non-Visual Connection with Nature- Hear-able, haptic, olfactory, or gustatory boosts

that induce a purposeful and positive reference to nature, living frameworks or normal
cycles. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli- Stochastic and vaporous associations with nature
that might be examined measurably yet may not be anticipated exactly. Thermal &
Airflow Variability- Inconspicuous changes in air temperature, relative moistness, wind
current across the skin, and surface temperatures that emulate common habitats.
Presence of Water- A condition that upgrades the experience of a spot through seeing,
hearing or contacting water.

Dynamic & Diffuse Light- Leverages differing powers of light and shadow that change
after some time to make conditions that happen in nature. Connection with Natural
Systems- Awareness of regular cycles, particularly occasional and transient changes
normal for a solid biological system.
 Natural Analogues Regular Analogs tends to natural, non-living and circuitous
inspirations of nature.

Objects, materials, colors, shapes, successions and examples found in nature, manifest as
fine art, ornamentation, furniture, stylistic theme, and materials in the constructed
climate. Mimicry of shells and leaves, furniture with natural shapes, and normal materials
that have been handled or widely modified (e.g., wood boards, rock tabletops), each
furnish a backhanded association with nature: while they are genuine, they are just
closely resembling of the things in their 'regular' state. The most grounded Regular
Analog experiences are achieved by giving information lavishness in an organized and
every so often growing manner.

Regular Analogs envelops three examples of biophilic design: Biomorphic Forms &
Patterns- Emblematic references to formed, designed, finished or mathematical courses
of action that persevere in nature. Material Connection with Nature- Materials and
components from nature that, through negligible handling, mirror the neighborhood
environment or geography and make a particular feeling of spot. Complexity & Order-
Rich tactile data that sticks to a spatial progressive system like those experienced in
nature.

Nature of the Space Nature of the Space watches out for spatial arrangements in nature.
This joins our customary and trained need to have the decision to see past our quick
environment, our benefit with the genuinely unsafe or dim; obscured perspectives and
critical minutes; and sometimes even fear actuating properties when they meld a
confided in piece of wellbeing.

The most grounded Nature of the Space experiences are achieved through the strategy
of purposeful and attracting spatial approaches mixed in with instances of Nature in the
Space and Natural Analogs. Nature of the Space encompasses four biophilic design
patterns: Prospect- An unimpeded view over a distance, for surveillance and planning.

Refuge- A spot for withdrawal from ecological circumstances or the principle stream of
movement, in which the individual is safeguarded from behind and upward. Mystery-
The guarantee of more data, accomplished through to some extent darkened
perspectives or other tangible gadgets that captivate the person to travel further into
the climate. Risk/Peril- A recognizable danger combined with a solid protect.
 LITERATURE STUDY “I can think of no more important way to apply the naturalistic
approach to human behavior than in the design of the places in which we live and work.
The evidence is overwhelming that given a choice, people want to bring the beauty and
harmony of nature within site, when possible, they like to blend these qualities into
details of their daily existence because in so doing, they add1 their own sense of worth
and security.”

(EO Wilson) Introduction There have been various attempt by the researchers describe
the Biophilic Design hypothesis of various aspects of the human nature connections and
its relation with architecture. Various theories and patterns have been proposed to
explain the hypothesis. This segment helps to inspect and derive most important
Biophilic Design speculations and Components as examples through a typical stage,
open to the originators: Theories Attention Restoration Theory (ART) Stress Reduction
Theory (SRT) Perceptual Fluency Account (PEA) Favorable and unfavorable setting to
mental health Savannah Hypothesis Naturalness and Stress Reduction Aesthetic Appeal
of Nature Fractal Theory Prospect and Refuge Theory Patterns: 14 Patterns of Biophilic
Design Dimensions, Elements, Attributes of Biophilic Design Restorative Environment
Design (RED) Theories pertaining to Biophilia We, as people have developed our
conduct system and critical thinking strategies imitating nature, taking illustrations from
them and consequently through our activities and produced boosts, have moulded our
indigenous habitats.

It is the presence of natural environment around us which is instrumental in generation

of our evolutionary mechanism and ways of getting through the challenges surrounding
us. These speculations depend on the Biophilic Hypothesis that people have association
and fascination towards nature and normal components further prompting prosperity of
individual all in all.

The speculations, connecting with this writing, have been comprehensively isolated to
two groupings instrumental in influencing the Human-Nature Relationship: Theories on
Psycho- Evolutionary and Restorative Preferences Nature- Based and Environmental
Preferences Both the inclinations are between related, giving a typical stage to
investigation.

Theories on Psycho- Evolutionary and Restorative Preferences Hypotheses on

Psycho-Evolutionary and Restorative inclinations have specific connections with the
Nature-Based and Environmental Preferences. To justify this, the present theories refer
to the challenges faced by humans, during evolution and the evolutionary environment
which shaped their adaptation mechanism.
People, as of now, need to go through consistent degrees of stress and decreased
mental and actual prosperity as a part of transformative difficulties. This is for the most
part because of their advancing ways of life and the climate encompassing them. The
conceptualization of the Human-Nature Connection demonstrates instrumental in
upgrading physiological, mental prosperity and stress decrease in present setting.

This improvement can be connected back to our predecessors, who additionally had
comparative upgrades towards Human Nature Connection, in a specific ecological
encompassing, confronting different developmental difficulties, at this point.
These confirmations concretize the job of Human-Nature Relationship and gives a
structure to age of a positive and supportive reaction towards the developmental
difficulties.

Based on these statements, Theories which can be grouped under this space are:
Attention Restoration Theory (ART) Stress Reduction Theory (SRT) Perceptual Fluency
Account (PFA) 3.2.1.1 Attention Restoration Theory (ART) Consideration reclamation
hypothesis is an illustration of a Restorative Theory orchestrated From the Biophilic
Hypothesis introduced by Dr. Stephen Kaplan, a therapist, In 1977.

As indicated by the theory, human's reaction to nature-produced upgrades, through

compulsory activities, upheld by compulsory consideration. This decreases the pressure
and energy wastage because of mental thinking if there should be an occurrence of a
difficult climate, which goes astray an individual's consideration.

Consequently, this hypothesis, created by Stephen and Rachael (Kaplan and Kaplan,
1989: Kalpan, 1995), clarifies the helpful nature of nature which reestablishes one's
consideration from delayed errands that are intellectually exhausting. From present
literature, it is evident that nature, particularly natural elements provides a restorative
effect on a person, evident from the ancestral records of nature having a restorative
effect.

Attention Restoration Theory proposes four elements that promote Cognitive

Restoration: Fascination Being away Extent Compatibility Fascination Interest alludes to
the part of ART which is a compulsory activity created because of nature's magnificence,
got to in different aspects, ruling out weight on cerebrum, for mental regard for delicate
and hard interest: Hard Fascination: emphasizes on a particular natural element or
natural setting, leaving no room for distraction.

Soft Fascination: accentuates on an assortment of regular components, organized in a

specific example, as to draw in the individual, through a characterized way, producing
the boosts for investigation and age of energy. Being Away The part underscores on the
property of being genuinely and mentally away from a Biophilic component and the
rebuilding quality it produces.

It tends to be through being truly away from the component and accommodating or
recollecting that it, with eyes shut, decreasing mental weariness and energy wastage on
comprehension or cerebrum working. “This diverts the mind from stresses of work and
takes it on natural elements, which doesn't stress brain, providing relaxation and
restoring brain and neuro-muscular system, restoring a person's attention" (Tatiana
Abaurre Alencar, 2010: biophilic design framework: Structuring the relationship between
exposure to nature and health benefits, p.64) Extent It stresses on the degree of regular
environmental factors those are productive to connect with an individual through a
constant series of consideration creating components, further producing interest.

In the event that the degree is at a miniature level, say pruned plants, the consideration
rebuilding would be negligible, in contrast with field of blossoms or woods, giving
sufficient degree. Compatibility Similarity part stresses that the indigenous habitat and
components gave and the human tendency towards it should be viable and
corresponding.

That is, the human inclination shall be fulfilled without much struggle or effort. Thus, the
experiences those takes place within this component ought to have a high degree of
compatibility. 3.2.1.2 Stress Reduction Theory (SRT) The stress recovery theory devised
by Roger Ulrich in 1983, in his article "Aesthetic and affective response to natural
environments", concerns recovery from psychological stresses.

According to this theory, stress is described as a process of generation of human stimuli

in response of events, environmental features or situations that are considered as a
threat to person’s well-being. This further generates negative emotions. In light of work
of Zojonc (1980), Roger Ulrich contends beginning reaction of an individual towards a
new or obscure climate is one of an aversion or lack of engagement, until explicit natural
highlights are tended to like: Presence of vegetation: complexity: symmetries: textures:
views: vistas and absence of elements, leading to generation of threat. These highlights
are said to diminish pessimistic feelings and disdaining and stirs connection or
fascination, giving a helpful encounter.

Roots of these features lies in the evolutionary adaptation and the environmental
conditions present during that time. Thus, nature-based features may reduce stress, but
not Artificial or non- natural features like glass, aluminum, etc. 3.2.1.3 Perceptual Fluency
Account (PFA) PFA acts as an intersection of ART and SRT Theories.
The union of this hypothesis directs that human cerebrum can all the more regularly and
smoothly appreciate and produce boosts to a characteristic setting in an organized way,
than a metropolitan setting, ruling on the assembled conditions. Accordingly, familiar
experiences, diminishes weight on perception of mind, reestablishing consideration and
eventually, decreasing pressure.

Theories on Nature-Based and Environmental Preferences Hypotheses on nature-based

and ecological inclinations depend on the idea that people have connection towards
nature, obvious from the transformative variation of the developmental variation of the
predecessors in normal setting and environmental factors. According to the present
literature, present theories pertaining to this domain, can be divided into four
preferences: Savannah Hypothesis Prospect and Refuge Theory Fractal Theory Aesthetic
Appeal of Natural Contents 3.2.2.1

Savannah Hypothesis Savannah Hypothesis, presented by Ecologist Gordon Orions in

1980, stresses on the "Climate Selective Theory". This hypothesis indicates that people
inclines toward Landscape highlights to have components from the African Savannah.
As Orions contended that because of long history of endurance of people in the
Savannah Environment and developmental variation occurring in these conditions,
produced mental linkages with the Savannah like scenes.

Accordingly, an individual would naturally lean toward a Savannah like scene than
present cityscape that would prompt prosperity of an individual. The features of
Savannah- Like landscapes include high diversity of flowers; animal lives; scattered
cluster of trees; topographic changes; scattered water bodies and multiple
long-distances view corridors for surveillance for predators and a bright obstruction free
sky. 3.2.2.2

Prospect- Refuge Theory For geographer Jay Appleton(1975) , the capacity of an

individual to see a space, without being seen by some other individual, is depicted as
the principle inspiration of this hypothesis, to see a space is "Prospect" and not being
seen by others is "Refuge". The presence of this hypothesis can be connected to our
predecessors for whom haven has been an indispensable component, be it any
structure, giving a shelter from outside world and simultaneously surveilling regions
around from encased space, that is Prospect.

Prospect and Refuge can't exist uniquely at any spot as both are at harmony, where
prospect can be partitioned to two sections: Direct: emphasizing on views and vistas,
directly visible from a point Indirect: or deflected vistas, in which vistas change after
every point of movement of the viewer. And Refuge being small and dark, where a
person feels secured. 3.2.2.3

Fractal Theory Fractal hypothesis is driven by the philosophy that the fractal calculations,
present in nature, whenever impersonated in different parts of the constructed climate,
can advance pressure decrease and prosperity, outwardly. This idea, created by
Mandelbrot in 1977, recommends that fractal parts improve prosperity rather than
non-fractal parts and can be joined into different components of Built-spaces like the
flight of stairs configuration representing fractals, etc. 3.2.2.4

Aesthetic Appeal of Natural Contents Fractal hypothesis is driven by the philosophy that
the fractal calculations, present in nature, whenever impersonated in different parts of
the constructed climate, can advance pressure decrease and prosperity, outwardly. This
idea, produced by Mandelbrot in 1977, recommends that fractal parts upgrades
prosperity rather than non-fractal parts and can be fused into different components of
Built-spaces.

Inference and Conclusion The present proposed speculations depict appropriately and
legitimizes the Biophilic Hypothesis, where the two inclinations exist together in
concordance and are critical in being a significant part of the Biophilic system. Because
of restricted time span and less degree from changes, the current speculations are taken
on during the time spent Framework plan for variation of Biophilia in compositional
plan, absent a lot of alterations and are available in a particular underlying framework: /
 Components as Patterns of Biophilia Christopher Alexander clarifies designs as - ",
portrays an issue which happens again and again in our current circumstance, and
afterward depicts the instance of the answer for that issue, so that you can utilize this
arrangement multiple times over, while never doing similarly two times." (Browning
,W.D.,Ryan,C.O.,Clancy,.1.0.(2014).14 Patterns of Biophilic Design.New York: Terrapin
Bright Green.LLC; p.21) The current Biophilic Design writing records four rules depicting
different parts of human instinct associations: 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design
Dimensions, Attributes and Elements of biophilic Design Restorative Environment
Design (RED) 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design Conceptualized by Terrapin Bright Green
LLC, a multi-disciplinary meeting organization, the Biophilia Hypothesis by Wilson, set
up a turning stone in age of three significant ideas of Biophilic Design: Nature of Space
Patterns Nature Analogues Nature in Space Patterns These principle point of support
ideas are additionally partitioned into fourteen sub examples of Biophilic plan, where
they have been clarified inside and out, as far as experience they make, foundations of
examples, plan credits, models and connection with different examples, giving chances
to incorporated Biophilic Design Strategies.

The table present on the going with page is a work by Terrapin Bright Green, to relate
the proposed instances of Biophilic Design, with the clinical benefits to the inhabitants,
by the models: Visual connection with Nature; Nonvisual connection; Non- Rhythmic
sensory stimuli; Thermal & Airflow Variability; Presence of Water; Dynamic & diffuse
light; Connections with natural systems; Biomorphic forms & patterns; Material
connection with nature; Complexity & order; Prospect; Refuge; Mystery; Risk/ Peril
3.3.1.1

Nature in Space Pattern This point of support discusses the immediate tendency or
presence of regular components in a space like plants, air, water, earth and its
associations with constructed climate. People have a tendency towards nature and this
additionally upgrades prosperity of a human. This can be sub-divided to seven patterns
as follows: Visual Connect with Nature: A view of elements of nature, living systems and
natural processes.

DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- Focus on genuine nature over recreated nature; and

reproduced nature over no nature. Focus on biodiversity over real estate, region or
amount. Prioritize or enable exercise opportunities that are in proximity to green space.
Plan to help a visual association that can be capable for something like 5-20 minutes of
the day.

Plan spatial formats and decorations to maintain wanted view lines and try not to block
the visual access when in a situated position. Visual associations with even little
examples of nature can be supportive, and especially significant for impermanent
mediations, or spaces where land (floor/ground region, divider space) is restricted.

The advantages of survey genuine nature might be lessened by an advanced medium,

which might be of most prominent worth to spaces that, because of the idea of its
capacity (e.g., emergency clinic radiation units) can only with significant effort fuse
genuine nature or perspectives to the outside. Non-Visual Connect with Nature:
olfactory, hear-able, gustatory or haptic improvements that gives a positive reference to
nature and normal cycles.

DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- Prioritize nature sounds over urban sounds. Plan for
non-visual associations that can be handily gotten to from one or different areas, and so
that permits day by day commitment for 5 to 20 minutes all at once. Coordinate
non-visual associations with different parts of the plan program.

A solitary mediation that can be knowledgeable about numerous ways can improve the
effects. •Plan for visual and non-visual associations with be capable all the while to
boost potential positive wellbeing reactions. Non- Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli: Transient
associations with nature, that can be dissected methodicallly, yet can't be anticipated
exactly.

DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- As a common principle, non-musical tactile encounters

ought to happen around at regular intervals for around 20 seconds and, for visual
boosts, from a distance of in excess of 20 feet away. Numerous boosts in nature are
occasional, so a technique that is compelling all year, for example, with various
mediations that cross-over with seasons, will assist with guaranteeing that
non-cadenced tactile encounters can happen at some random season.

Sometimes, the mediation might be like that of [P1] Visual or [P2] Non-Visual
Connection with Nature; what's significant here is the vaporous and stochastic nature of
the intercession. A mediation that use recreation of (rather than normally happening)
regular improvements will probably require early coordinated effort with the mechanical
designer or offices group. A non-cadenced improvements technique can be intertwined
with practically any scene or agriculture plan.

For example, choosing plant species for window boxes that will draw in honey bees,
butterflies and different pollinators might be a more commonsense application for
certain activities than keeping a bumble bee apiary or butterfly asylum. People see
development in the fringe view much speedier than straight ahead. The cerebrum
additionally processes the development of residing things in a better place than it does
of mechanical articles (Beauchamp et al.,

2003), by which normal development is for the most part seen as certain, and
mechanical development as nonpartisan or even negative. Subsequently, the rehashing
cadenced movement of a pendulum will just hold one's consideration momentarily, the
consistent redundant ticking of a clock might come to be overlooked over the long haul,
and an always present aroma might lose its persona with long haul openness; though,
the stochastic development of a butterfly will catch one's consideration each an ideal
opportunity for repeating physiological advantages.

Thermal and Air Flow Variability: inconspicuous changes in air temperature, relative
moistness, wind stream across the skin and surface temperature that copies regular
habitats. DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- Consolidation of wind stream and warm
circumstances into materials, daylighting, mechanical ventilation and additionally
fenestration will assist with appropriating changeability throughout existence.

Warm solace is a crucial crossing over part between biophilic plan and practical plan,
particularly despite environmental change and rising energy costs. Whenever Thermal
and Airflow Variability is executed in a manner that widens individuals' view of warm
solace, it might likewise assist with lessening energy requests for cooling and warming.

Planning in highlights that permit clients to effortlessly adjust and alter their apparent
warm states of their current circumstance will build the scope of OK temperatures by
two degrees Celsius above and underneath the traditional boundaries for warm solace
(Nicol and Humphreys, 2002). Coordination of plan techniques among an undertaking
group (e.g.,

draftsman, lighting originator and MEP engineers) as soon as the schematic plan cycle
will be especially significant for accomplishing plan expectation. Presence of Water:
excitement and tranquility, got to by smoothness, lighting, closeness and availability,
making a feeling of spot through seeing, hearing and contacting water. DEISGN
CONSIDERATIONS- Focus on a multi-tangible water insight to accomplish the most
gainful result.

Focus on normally fluctuating water development over unsurprising development or

dormancy. High volume, high disturbance water elements could make uneasiness, sway
dampness levels or reduction acoustic quality, so closeness might impact propriety.
Water highlights can be water and energy concentrated and as such ought to be utilized
sparingly, especially in environments with little admittance to water.
Concealing the water, utilizing high albedo surfaces, and limiting the uncovered water
surface region will limit water misfortune through vanishing, and conceivably add to the
biophilic experience. Dynamic and Diffused Light: extends shifting forces of light and
shadow, with diurnal changes, impersonating perceptions from nature. DEISGN
CONSIDERATIONS- Dynamic lighting conditions can help change among indoor and
open air spaces.

Radically powerful lighting conditions, for example, with supported development,

evolving, colors, direct daylight infiltration and high differences, may not be suitable for
spaces where coordinated consideration exercises are performed. Circadian lighting will
be particularly significant in spaces individuals involve for expanded timeframes.

Connection with natural Systems: Experience of unwinding, sentimentality, edification

and regularly expecting, associations with normal frameworks, describes occasional and
fleeting changes of solid biological systems. DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- Coordination
of water catch and treatment into the scene plan that reacts to rain occasions. Now and
again, giving visual admittance to existing regular frameworks will be the simplest and
most financially savvy approach.

In different cases, the joining of responsive plan strategies (e.g., utilization of materials
that change structure or extend work with openness to sunlight based hotness gain,
wind, downpour/dampness, or concealing), structures (e.g., steps wells), and land
developments (e.g., bio swales, arroyos, rises) will be important to accomplish the ideal
degree of mindfulness.

Plan intuitive open doors, particularly for kids, patients, and the old (e.g., integrative
instructive educational plan; agriculture programs, local area gardens; occasional
cooking/diet). 3.3.1.2 Nature Analogues Pattern This point of support discusses the
analogs of nature where components of regular habitats can be applied or imitated to
the assembled structure.

The advantages of nature addressed in craftsmanship are quantifiable yet less viable
than benefits got from genuine trees or plants in the outside. These can be sub-divided
into three patterns: Biomorphic Forms and Patterns: interest, solace, captivation,
consideration, biomorphic structures and examples represent molded, designed and
textural plans conceivable in nature. DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS - Apply on 2 or 3 planes
or dimensions (e.g.,

floor plane and wall; furniture windows and soffits) for greater diversity and frequency of
exposure. Stay away from the abuse of structures and examples that might prompt
visual poisonousness. More extensive mediations will be more savvy when they are
presented from the get-go in the plan cycle.

Material Connections with Nature: warmth, authenticity, stimulations of touch, material

connections with nature, reflects local ecology and geology to create a distinctive sense
of place. DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- Amounts of a (characteristic) material and shading
should be indicated in view of expected capacity of the space. Along these lines, a level
of fluctuation of materials and applications is suggested over high proportions of any
one material or shading.

Genuine materials are liked over manufactured varieties since human receptors can
differentiate among genuine and engineered, so insignificantly handled materials from
genuine nature are favored whenever the situation allows. Consolidating cases of green
might assist with upgrading innovative conditions; in any case, logical examinations on
the effect of green have generally been led in controlled lab conditions, so reliance on
shading to induce innovativeness ought to be viewed as test.

Complexity and Order: information- extravagance, balance among exhausting and

overpowering, intricacy and request sticks to spatial pecking orders like those
experienced in nature. DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- Focus on craftsmanship and material
determination, engineering articulations, and scene and expert arranging plans that
uncover fractal calculations and orders. Fractal structures with cycles of three will be
more significant than a plan restricted to two emphases.

PC innovation utilizing the calculations of numerical and mathematical capacities can

deliver fractal plans for structural, plan and arranging applications effortlessly. Over-use
of and also loosened up receptiveness to high-fractal angles could give bother or even
fear, countering the normal response: to take care of and reduce pressure. Repugnance
or under-utilization of fractals in arrangement could achieve total consistency and
absence of commitment.

Another structure or scene configuration should consider its effect on the fractal nature
of the current metropolitan horizon. 3.3.1.3 Nature of Space Pattern This support point
explains the physiological and mental human reactions to the climate created
improvement, which prompts prosperity of people.

This can be divided to four sub- heads: Prospect: openness and freedom, impacting
sense of security and control, prospect pattern is a view, over a distance, for surveillance
and planning. DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- Arranging building, fenestration, passages
and workstations will assist with enhancing visual admittance to indoor or outside vistas,
action center points or objections.

Planning with or around a current or arranged savanna-like environment, waterway, and

proof of human action or home will help the data lavishness of the possibility view.
Giving central lengths of >20 feet (6 meters), ideally 100 feet (30 meters); when a space
has adequate profundity, spatial properties can be utilized to improve the experience by
eliminating visual bathers.

Restricting allotment statures to 42" will give spatial hindrances while permitting
situated tenants to see across a space. Understory vegetation or fences should utilize a
comparable aide; favored stature impediments will rely upon landscape and how the
space is generally capable (e.g., while sitting, remaining, on a bike).

Finding flights of stairs at building border with glass facade and inside glass flight of
stairs dividers can frame a double Prospect condition. At the point when high roofs are
available, border or inside spaces raised 12-18" will upgrade the Prospect condition.
Regularly the view quality and the harmony among Prospect and [P12] Refuge will be a
higher priority than the size or recurrence of the experience.

Refuge: experiencing safety, sense of retreat and withdrawal, refuge is a place for
withdrawal, from environmental conditions. DE1SGN CONSIDERATIONS- Indoor asylum
spaces are typically described by brought down roof conditions. For spaces with
standard roof statures, this might liken to roughly 18-24 crawls underneath the principle
roof, and is frequently accomplished through medicines like a soffit, a drop-roof or
acoustical framing, or suspended texture.

For outside or indoor spaces with especially high roofs (>14 feet), a more extraordinary
differential might be important to accomplish the ideal result; unattached or vegetative
anteroom and mezzanine-like designs are frequently compelling. While planning for
bigger populaces or various action types, giving more than one sort of shelter space can
address shifting necessities, which can frequently be met through contrasting spatial
aspects, lighting conditions, and level of disguise.

Light levels in asylum spaces ought to contrast from nearby spaces and client lighting
controls will widen usefulness as a shelter space. Mystery: feeling of expectation,
forswearing and award, accomplished through to some degree hindered sees, that
energizes the person, to travel further into the climate. DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS-
Bending edges that gradually uncover are more powerful than sharp corners in drawing
individuals through a space.
Sensational shade and shadows can upgrade the secret experience. Techniques that give
dim shadows or shallow profundity of field could ingrain neglected amazement or
dread. The speed at which clients are traveling through a space will impact both the size
of the gap and the size of the subject; quicker ordinarily implies greater.

Naturally developed secret circumstances (e.g., low upkeep gardens with winding ways)
are expectedly going to change attributes over the long haul. These progressions ought
to be observed as they might improve the secret condition, or in any case corrupt it as it
develops into an unexpected condition (e.g., excess of plantings prompts darkening of
profundity of field). Risk/ Peril: Experiencing threat, danger, identifiable threat, with a
feasible safeguard.

DEISGN CONSIDERATIONS- Risk/Peril plan mediations are generally very intentional and
as such won't be suitable for all client gatherings or spots. Plan methodologies that
depend on spatial circumstances will be simpler to carry out when consolidated as soon
as idea plan and schematic periods of the plan interaction. The component of security
should shield the client from hurt while as yet allowing the experience of hazard
Dimensions, Elements and Attributes of Biophilic Design The dimensions, elements and
attributes related to Biophilic Design are mentioned in depth by Kellert (2008), in which
Biophilic Design is classified to two basic dimensions, further divided into six elements,
having seventy attributes, which provides a clear image as to what Biophilic Design is
and what are its characteristics.

Kellert classified information on Biophilic Design to two basic dimensions:

Organic/naturalistic Place based/ Vernacular 3.3.2.1 Organic/Naturalistic Approach The
principal aspect of Biophilic Design weights on the common habitats, those
straightforwardly, in a roundabout way or emblematically mirrors our liking with nature
and its components.

There are four elements within this dimension: Environmental features; Natural shapes
and Forms; Natural Patterns and Processes: • Environmental Features: This is the most
important element of Biophilic Design and refers to the use of nature's characteristics
and nature's elements in the built environment. Twelve attributes, related to this
element are: Color; Water; Air; Sunlight; Plants; Animals; Natural Materials; Views and
Vistas; Façade Greening; Geology and landscape; Habitats and ecosystems; Fire • Natural
Shapes and Forms: This element replicates or mimics the natural shapes, geometries and
mathematical precisions of nature into the built environment.

Eleven attributes, related to this element are Botanical motifs; Tree and columnar
supports; Animals; Shells and Spirals; Egg, oval and tubular forms; Arches, vaults and
domes; Shapes resisting straight lines and right angles. • Natural Patterns and Processes:
This element refers to the incorporation of the nature's patterns like fractals and
processes into various components of built-environment that would generate a similar
stimuli, as being surrounded by nature.

Fifteen ascribes, connected with this component are: Tangible fluctuation; Information
lavishness; Age, Change and platina of time; Growth and Efflorescence ;Central point of
convergence; Patterned entire; Bounded spaces; Transitional spaces; Linked series and
chains; Integration of parts to entire; Complementary difference; Dynamic, equilibrium
and strain; Fractals; Hierarch ally coordinated proportions and scales.

This complex element is likely to be altered in the future, with additional

understanding". ( Kellert,2008,p.9) • Light and Space: Light and space are instrumental in
creating a comparable boost, as while being in nature and has been arranged to seven
ascribes: Natural light; Filtered and diffused light; Light and shadow; Reflected light;
Light pools; Warm light; Light as shape and forms; Spaciousness; Spatial variability;
Space as shape and form; Spatial harmony; Inside-outside spaces. 3.3.2.2

Place based/Vernacular Approach Second fundamental aspect alludes to the sensation

of placelessness created by a characteristic setting, significantly having scene
components, that associates with the way of life and environment of a specific
topographical region. This dimension enlivens the "spirit of place" within the inhabitants
and metamorphic ally transforms from something lifeless to lively and attractive.

This dimension is further fragmented to two basic elements: • Place- based relationship:
The connection of people with their places reflects a deep inherent connection with the
geographical territory, which has been utilized as a medium for provision of resources,
safety and attachment and security. Also, this has developed various cultural aspects on
the place- based relationships.

Eleven attributes, related to this element are: Geographic connections to place; Historic
connections to place; Ecological connections to place; Cultural connections to place;
Indigenous materials; Landscape orientation; Landscape features that define building
form; Landscape ecology; Imagination of culture and ecology; spirit of place; Avoiding
placelessness.

• Advanced human instinct relationship: The 6th and last component of the
Organic/naturalistic aspect is not quite the same as the others as it doesn't expand on
the inborn human instinct fascination. All things being equal, the properties are more
disposed towards the depiction of key parts of inborn human connections to nature.
Twelve attributes, related to this element are: Prospect and Refuge; Order and intricacy;
Curiosity and fervor; Change and transformation; Security and insurance; Mastery and
control; Affection and connection; Attraction and excellence; Exploration and revelation;
Information and cognizance; Fear and wonderment; Reverence and otherworldliness.
3.3.2.3

Observations and inference The data on Biophilic Design has been completely
referenced, with a definite order of ideas, giving an extraordinary assortment of manners
by which an originator can acquire from. The various elements have an inter-relationship
and inter- dependence, not mentioned here as well as absence of relation to health
benefits, weakens the classification.

Moreover, Kellert recognizes this framework as initial benchmark, concluding that,

classification should- "be viewed as work in progress, which will inevitably be modified
and improved over tune" Restorative Environment Design (RED) The parts of Biophilic
plan the different components, qualities, aspects and examples portrayed by Stephen
Kellert, prompts "Helpful Environmental Design" foundation.

Within this domain, the main aim is to achieve a relationship between humans and
natural environment (Kellert, 2005) and consists of two parts: Reducing the negative
affect of present surroundings and declining human health, using less environmental-
impact design strategies. Promote more positive relationship between humans and
nature, through Biophilic design.

Thus, this example finishes up on the note that new plan standards should reestablish
human instinct associations, giving a new viewpoint and inter-relating with the recently
introduced designs. Inference and Conclusion All the dimensions, elements, attributes
and patterns present are extremely important and each one of them present a varied
and diverse perspective on the present literature on Biophilic Design.

Notwithstanding, there is by all accounts an absence of a substantial Biophilic design

that between relates the subjective aspects, with the quantitative and down to earth
aspects, depicting the advantages to the occupants, which presents a requirement for
age of a typical, more point by point and expounded design.
 CASE STUDY 4.1

Need To test the generality and application of the proposed Biophilic patterns, their
impact on Architectural spaces, live sites have been chosen for study. 4.2 Analysis Table
For assessment of the patterns on a live site, certain practical parameters needs to be
considered which can be studied in the limited time frame of research and which can
also be quantified in a certain form: Theories: relation of the patterns to the theories
they are based upon.

Inter- relationship: inter- relation of patterns to create a specific essence of space,

existing on site. Duration of exposure & frequency of access: understanding the time
frame of exposure of certain Biophilic elements benefiting the viewer. Attributes &
Design considerations: attributes of a space and design elements present, to generate
Experience of a certain pattern.

Domain of applicability : relevance of a specific example on a site having following

design spaces: Building: Landscaping : Interiors 4.3 Limitations 4.3.1 Site Selection
Because of the current time imperatives, it is beyond the realm of possibilities to expect
to test the Biophilic designs on each kind of Architectural spaces. Thus, the study is
limited to the Institutional Spaces: Colleges in Delhi-NCR having a concentration of the
patterns.

The live site embraced for contextual analysis isn't a Biophilic Design in its genuine
depiction, however has presence of specific components those straightforwardly
connect with the proposed Biophilic designs. 4.3.2 Criteria for Analysis The webpage
selected review doesn't covers all the Biophilic designs, rather a between related snare
of specific ones, characterizing the personality of a specific space. Only practical aspects
of domain are analyzed.

Variables such as health benefits to occupants require a certain level of survey and
detailed analysis, which couldn't be carried out in the limited time frame. 4.4 Site 1:
Delhi Technological University Delhi Technological University, formerly known as Delhi
College of Engineering, is first engineering college in New Delhi, India.

With rich green vegetation, smooth landscapes, climatically controlled constructed

structures, DTU makes a one of a kind spatial pith embellished by its understudies and
resources, making life more intelligent, energetic and near nature. This is the very core
reason to adopt this Institutional setup for study, as myself being a student, understands
a need of essence of space which engulfs a student into itself such that he enjoys every
part of his academics, with a healthy physical, mental and intellectual character.
Spaces of DTU, having such characters connecting its components with Biophilia
demonstrates critical for case illustration of spaces having a Biophilic arrangement. Site
Introduction Location: Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 / Areas
Analyzed: Main gate ; Civil Department ; Electronics Department ; Electrical Department ;
0.A.T

; Nescafe ; Library ; Admit; Block ; Academic block ; Auditorium ; Mechanical and Biotech
Department Areas chosen to be analyzed consists of a higher concentration of biophilic
elements and have concentration of activities promoting a higher level of exposure and
frequency of access. Areas not analyzed: Night canteen; Science block; Hostels; Luke;
Health Centre; Sports complex Regions left to be dissected miss the mark on grouping
of biophilic components and couldn't be contemplated in the restricted time period.

Observations and Analysis The observations on site and analysis of the data has been
presented under three subheads: Site design; Analysis table; Duration of exposure &
Frequency of access making it convenient and understandable. 4.4.2.1 Site Design
Orientation of Built Form: Longer veneers of the structures have been arranged pointing
toward the North-South Direction, forestalling cruel sun into the insides and giving
warm Comfort.

Vertical shading devices have been placed in North direction and Shading devices at an
angle of 45 in East west direction to prevent entry of harsh sun to the interiors and
providing shade to the open interactive spaces between the built forms. The courtyards
also provide a comforting interactive space through shading from the built forms
surrounding.

Landscapes: Thick and occasionally differing scene has been taken on for working on the
miniature environment of the spaces, likewise giving shade to the open intuitive spaces.
Venturi Effect: The fabricated structures have been situated close to the point of making
an endeavor impact, in which wind entering to focus of the site, O.A.T, has high strain,
giving solace to individuals in these open spaces, expanding recurrence of access there.

The site area portraying the breeze streaming inwards into O.A.T and other intuitive
spaces because of level contrasts of site. This additionally adds on to the glory of the
structures when one perspectives the environmental factors from the phase of O.A.T: /
4.4.2.2 Degree of Exposure & Frequency of Access Inferring from the interactions with
the students and visual analysis, a conclusion is derived, highlighting the Degree of
exposure and frequency of access of students in three typologies of spaces: Landscape;
Built; Interiors, having presence of the 23 Biophilic Elements. / / 4.5
Site 2: Manav Rachna International University Manav Rachna International University,
having a campus area of 60 acres is a deemed university of NCR, having a setup amidst
the nature's bounty of the Aravali ranges. The plan shrewdly amalgamates the inclining
territory of the site, through site planning at three levels, outwardly venturing down and
converging with the encompassing scene. 4.5.1 Site Introduction Location: Suraj Kund,
Faridabad, Haryana.

Central entrance of MRIU Areas Analyzed: Main gate; Engineering department: Tennis
Court; Admin; MBA Department; Architectural Department; Dental College; Auditorium;
Canteen; Playgrounds; Central library (Interiors also) Areas chosen to be analyzed
consists of a higher concentration of biophilic elements and have concentration of
activities promoting a higher level of exposure and frequency of access. Areas Not
Analyzed: Hostels; Interiors of built blocks except central library.

Regions left to be examined miss the mark on centralization of biophilic components

and couldn't be considered in the restricted time span. / 4.5.2 Observations and Analysis
The observations on site and analysis of the data has been presented under three
subheads: Site design; Analysis table; Duration of exposure & Frequency of access
making it convenient and understandable. 4.5.2.1

Site Design Orientation of Built Form: Longer exteriors of the structures have been
situated pointing toward the North-South Direction, forestalling brutal sun into the
insides and giving warm Comfort. Vertical shading devices have been placed in North
direction to prevent entry of harsh sun to the interiors and providing shade to the open
interactive spaces between the built forms. The courtyards also provides a comforting
interactive spaces through shading from the built forms surrounding.

Landscapes: Thick and occasionally changing scene has been taken on for working on
the miniature environment of the spaces, likewise giving shade to the open intuitive
spaces. Venturi Effect: The constructed structures have been situated close to the point
of making a venturi impact, in which wind entering to focus of the site, focal scene
green, has high strain, giving solace to individuals in these open spaces, expanding
recurrence of access here.

The site area portraying the breeze streaming inwards into focal greens and other
intelligent spaces because of level contrasts of site. This likewise adds to the degree of
prospect when one perspectives the site from the most elevated advance. 4.6 Inference
and Conclusion In present Indian setting, Biophilia as an idea and application, is
currently at an outset state.

Nonetheless, deriving from the two contextual investigations, it is characteristic that the
Institutional spaces are all around considered while planning, in setting of prosperity of
the understudies. However the spaces examined have a presence of Biophilic
components, it is perceptive that a few spaces absolutely comes up short on blended
utilization of biophilic examples to such a subjective and quantitative level that creates
the projected medical advantages to the understudies.

The case study is pivotal in identification of certain design considerations related to their
patterns, which can be helpful or be used as a parameter while designing a specific
space demanding applicability of a certain pattern. The essential direction of longer
faces of constructed structures about NORTH-SOUTH AXIS and presence of openings
about wind heading can alone tackle different warm solace states of inhabitants of a
space, working on their physiological and mental prosperity.

Level of openness and recurrence of access, however exceptionally factor to be

measured, is gotten to through the two contextual investigations and a more extensive
thought can be built out from the blend of the two examinations. /
 LITERATURE STUDY 5.1 URBAN FARM AT PASONA GROUP OFFICES
New York firm Kono Designs created the urban farm in 2010, in a nine-story place of
business in Tokyo to permit representatives to develop and collect their own food at
work. Dezeen talked with organization head Yoshimi Kono this week to hear more with
regards to the task.

"Labourers in neighbouring structures should be visible calling attention to and

discussing new blossoms and plants and, surprisingly, the seasons - all in the centre of a
bustling crossing point in Tokyo's metropolitan region," Kono told Dezeen. "The
adjustment of the manner in which nearby individuals think and what they talk about
was one all the time of the drawn out objectives of the task."

The production of the new base camp for Japanese enrolment firm Pasona comprised of
renovating a 50 year old structure to incorporate office regions, an assembly room,
cafeterias, a housetop garden and metropolitan cultivating offices. Inside the 19,974
square meter place of business there are 3995 square meters devoted to green space
that house north of 200 types of plants, natural products, vegetables and rice.

Kono let Dezeen know that all of the food is collected, ready and served nearby in the
cafeterias - making Pasona's Urban Farm the biggest ranch to-table office plot in Japan.
Pasona representatives are urge to keep up with and reap the harvests and are upheld
by a group of agrarian trained professionals. The structure has a twofold skin green
exterior where blossoms and orange trees are planted on little overhangs.

From an external perspective, the workplace block has all the earmarks of being hung in
green foliage. "The design focus was not on the imposed standards of green, where
energy offsets and strict efficiency rates rule," said Kono. "But rather on an idea of a
green building that can change the way people think about their daily lives and even
their own personal career choice and life path."

Inside the workplaces, tomato plants are suspended above gathering tables, lemon and
energy natural product trees are utilized as parcels for meeting spaces, salad leaves are
developed inside course rooms and bean sprouts are developed under seats. Plants
hang in packs encompassing gathering work areas and there are plants developing
inside vertical enclosures and wooden plant boxes around the structure.

Pipes, lines and vertical shafts were rerouted to the border of the structure to take into
account greatest stature roofs and an environment control framework is utilized to
screen dampness, temperature and wind current in the structure to guarantee it is ok for
the workers and reasonable for the ranch. "It is important not to just think about how
we can use our natural resources better from a distance, but to actively engage with
nature and create new groups of people who have a deep interest and respect for the
world they live in," said Kono.

"It is important to note that this is not a passive building with plants on the walls, this is
an actively growing building, with plantings used for educational workshops where
Pasona employees and outside community members can come in and learn farming
practices." Plants becoming outwardly and within structures have been famous on
Dezeen as of late.

Different highlights incorporate the news that botanist Patrick Blanc has revealed his
most recent green divider during Paris Design Week this week and we gave an account
of Blanc's joint effort with French planner Jean Nouvel to make the world's tallest living
divider in Sydney. Inside the inside, the profound pillars and huge segments of the
current design are organized in a tight span causing low inside roof of 7'- 6".

With building administrations passing beneath, some region was even lower at 6'- 8". All
things considered, all channels, pipes and their upward shafts were re-steered to the
border, permitting greatest tallness with uncovered roofs between the pillars. Lightings
are then introduced, concealed on the base vertical edge of the pillars, transforming the
spaces between the bars into a huge light inlet minus any additional bringing down the
roof.

This lighting strategy, utilized all through the work area from second floor to ninth floor,
accomplished 30% less energy than the ordinary roof mounted technique. Yoshimi Kono
concentrated on engineering in Tokyo and was a main architect with Shigeru Uchida at
Studio 80 in Tokyo and later became accomplice at Vignelli Associates in New York. He
established Kono Designs in 2000.

Situated in midtown Tokyo, Pasona HQ is a nine story high, 215,000 square foot
corporate place of business for a Japanese enrolment organization, Pasona Group.
Rather than developing another design from ground, a current 50 years of age building
was remodelled, keeping its structure envelope and superstructure. The task comprises
of a twofold skin green veneer, workplaces, a theatre, cafeterias, a housetop garden and
most strikingly, metropolitan cultivating offices coordinated inside the structure.

The green space sums more than 43,000 square feet with 200 species including organic
products, vegetables and rice that are reaped, ready and served at the cafeterias inside
the structure. It is the biggest and most direct homestead to-table of its sort at any
point acknowledged inside a place of business in Japan. The twofold skin green veneer
highlights occasional blossoms and orange trees planted inside the 3' profound
galleries.

To some extent depending on regular outside environment, these plants make a living
green divider and a powerful personality to general society. This was a huge shortfall to
the net rentable region for a business office. Be that as it may, Pasona put stock in the
advantages of metropolitan ranch and green space to draw in general society and to
give better work area to their representatives.

The galleries additionally help conceal and protect the insides while furnishing natural
air with operable windows, a useful element not just uncommon for a mid ascent
business fabricating yet additionally diminishes warming and cooling heaps of the
structure during moderate environment. The whole veneer is then wrapped with
profound matrix of balances, making further profundity, volume and orders to the
natural green divider.

At present, Japan creates short of what 33% of their grain locally and imports more than
50 million tons of food yearly, which on normal is shipped north of 9,000 miles, the most
elevated on the planet. As the yields collected in Pasona HQ are served inside the
structure cafeterias, it features 'zero food mileage' idea of a more practical food
dispersion framework that decreases energy and transportation cost. / Besides future
sustainability of farmers, Pasona HQ's urban farm is beyond visual and aesthetic
improvement.

It opens city laborers to developing yields and cooperation with farmland consistently
and gives improvement in psychological well-being, efficiency and unwinding in the
work environment. Concentrates on show that a great many people in urbanized social
orders invest more than 80% of their energy inside. Plants are likewise known to further
develop the air quality we inhale via carbon sequestration and eliminating unpredictable
natural compound.

An inspecting on the air at Pasona HQ have shown decrease of carbon dioxide where
plants are bountiful. Such enhancement for the air quality can build usefulness at work
by 12%, works on normal indications of distress and afflictions at work by 23%, lessen
non-attendance and staff turnover cost. Workers of Pasona HQ are approached to
partake in the support and reaping of harvests with the assistance of horticultural
trained professionals.

Such movement energizes social communication among representatives prompting

better collaboration at work. It likewise gives them an awareness of certain expectations
and achievement in developing and keeping up with the yields that are eventually ready
and served to their kindred associates at the structure's cafeterias.

Pasona Urban Farm is a special working environment climate that advances higher work
effectiveness, social cooperation, and future maintainability and connects with the more
extensive local area of Tokyo by displaying the advantages and innovation of
metropolitan agribusiness. Utilizing both aquaculture and soil-based cultivating, the
plan places harvests and office labourers in a typical space.

For instance, tomato plants are suspended above gathering tables, lemon and
enthusiasm natural product trees are utilized as parcels for meeting spaces, salad leaves
are developed inside class rooms and bean sprouts are developed under seats. These
harvests are outfitted with metal halide, HEFL, fluorescent and LED lights and a
programmed water system framework.

A savvy environment control framework screens moistness, temperature and breeze to

adjust human solace during available time and improve crop development during late
night. This boosts crop yield and yearly gathers The main lobby also features a rice
paddy and a broccoli field. These crops are equipped with metal halide, HEFL,
fluorescent and LED lamps and an automatic irrigation system.

An intelligent climate control system monitors humidity, temperature and breeze to

balance human comfort during office hours and optimise crop growth during
afterhours. This maximises crop yield and annual harvests. 5.2 APARTMENTS The first
example of a ‘Vertical Forest’ (il Bosco Verticale) was inaugurated in October 2014
in Milan in the Porta Nuova Isola area, as part of a wider renovation project led by Hines
Italia.

Milan’s Vertical Forest consists of two towers of 80 and 112 metres, hosting 480 large
and medium trees, 300 small trees, 11,000 perennial and covering plants and 5,000
shrubs. The equivalent - over an urban surface of 1,500 m2 – of 20,000 m2 of forest and
undergrowth. The Vertical Forest is a structural idea which replaces customary materials
on metropolitan surfaces utilizing the changing polychrome of leaves for its dividers.

The organic modeller depends on a screen of vegetation, expecting to make a

reasonable microclimate and channel daylight, and dismissing the limited innovative
and mechanical way to deal with ecological maintainability. Biological Habitats: The
Vertical Forest builds biodiversity. It advances the arrangement of a metropolitan
biological system where different plant types establish a different vertical climate, yet
which works inside the current organization, ready to be occupied by birds and bugs
(with an underlying evaluation of 1,600 examples of birds and butterflies).

Thusly, it establishes an unconstrained element for repopulating the city's verdure.

Hydration and irrigation system: Following miniature meteorological examinations, the
computation of water system necessities was done by inspecting climatic attributes and
was enhanced relying upon the openness of each façade and the dispersion of
vegetation on each floor.

Mitigation: The Vertical Forest assists with building a microclimate and to channel fine
particles contained in the metropolitan climate. The variety of plants assists with
fostering the microclimate which produces stickiness, assimilates CO2 and particles,
produces oxygen, and safeguards against radiation and clamour contamination.
Anti-sprawl: The Vertical Forest is an anti-sprawl method which helps to control and
reduce urban expansion.

In terms of urban density, each tower constitutes the equivalent of a peripheral area of
single family houses and buildings of around 50,000 m2. Management: The
administration of the bowls where the plants develop is the obligation of the condo, just
like the upkeep and substitution of all vegetation and the quantity of plants laid out for
every bowl.

Trees: The selection of species and their conveyance as per the direction and tallness of
façades is the consequence of three years of studies completed close by a gathering of
botanists and ethologists. The plants which are utilized on the structure were
pre-developed in a nursery for them to become familiar with comparative circumstances
to those which they will find on the galleries.

Changing façades: The Vertical Forest is a consistently advancing milestone of the city,
whose tones change contingent upon the season and the various qualities of the plants
utilized. This offers Milan's populace an always changing perspective on the city.
PERSPECTIVE FOR PLANING AND DESIGN PROCESS 6.1 INTRODUCTION After the
unification of biophlic knowledge under one frame, relation and implantation of this
sorted knowledge into planning and design process is crucial. Every context of a design
problem, lay out opportunities for implantation of biophilia, as it is the people who
reside in a building.

Some key perspective that may be help focus the planning and design part are as
follow: Identifying desired response and outcomes: It is vital for a designer to
understand project’s design intent as to what are the priorities of the intended users in
the term of their health and performance. For design of interventions and finding
intervention zones, performance needs and targeted pollution are vital to be
understood.

To this, there are many approaches: To ask: which space has the capability or essence
for suitable biophlic design application? To ask: how can present functioning of a space,
be modified in term of biophilia, to provide benefits to the user reduce stress related
issues affecting their activity? As many biological responses occurs together to the
space generated stimuli, like reducing psychological indicator of stress and improving
overall mood, and there are countless combination of design patterns and interventions.
Understanding health related priorities helps focusing on design process.

Health outcomes of the biophilc design spaces are of interest to human resource
administrators and managers, as they inform and track the successful biophlic practices
applied to a spaced, so they can be used further, be public health policies and urban
planning department, if the basic parameters of project and other major aspects of
consideration are same.

Design Strategies and Intervention “Biophlic design patterns are flexible and replicable
strategies for enhancing user experience that can be implemented under a range of
circumstances: Biophlic design intervention are based on need of a specify population,
in a particular spaces. Biophlic design strategies and interventions likely to be developed
on basis of evidence based design patterns, with a high degree of efficacy and
monitoring.

For instance, lighting design inspired from biophilia will be different in a classroom
setting, than in as office setting or café, depending on type of user, activities of
inhabitants of the space. 6.2 DIVERSTITY OF DESIGN STRATEGIES Patterns and design
strategies if used in a suitable combination, tends health benefits of inhabitants of the
same.

Using diverse strategies and patterns can cater demands of varied cultures,
demographics and can create a pysco-physicological and cognitive restoration. Adding
various design strategies for the sale of diversity may backfire, unless they are
integrative and Supporting a unified design intent. For instance, in an office setting,
introduction of green wall may improve individual’s mood and produce a calming effect,
leading to restorative benefits.

However, if various other elements like prospect and mystery are integrated, they
generate confusion, deterioting the psychological well-being of a person. QUALITY V/S
QUANTINTY OF INTERVENTION While planning for implementations, based on the
project requirements. A high quality intervention can be more effective and having great
restorative potential than several low quality innervations, for instance, several prospect
views along the path of a user may not be powerful than one prospect view, having
information richness.

Climate, cost and other variables might be an obstacle for application of biophlic
interventions to space, nut shouldn’t be considered as an obstacle to achieve high
quality application. DURATION OF ECPOSURE AND FREQUENCY OF ACCESS Duration of
exposure and frequency f access determines the feasibility of the biophlic interventions
applied to any space. Identification of appropriateness of duration of duration of
exposure to a pattern, or a combination can be a tricky job.

“Ideal exposure time is likely dependent on the user and the desired effect, but also on
general guidelines, empirical evidences show that positive emotions, mental restoration
and other benefits can occur in a little as 5 to 20 min. of immersion in nature”.
Micro-restorative experiences- often designed with consideration of limit of space, are
more accessible and readily implementable, than larger interventions, where frequent
visits to these small intervention may lead to compounded restorative response.

Question to be asked while deigning may include: How persistent it the mental
restoration over different terms of exposure to nature? Do the improvements continue
incrementally, with exposure, or do they plateau? What combinations of design patterns
can help optimize a biophlic experience? INFERENCE This domain throws light on
various aspects which have to be considered during planning and design process, which
derive their base from the patterns proposed in previous sections.

CONCLUSION In today’s context, when buildings are designed to be sustainable and

green, it is highly important to design spaces for the inhabitant and their well-being. In
current situation, when biophilia is still at its infancy. A structure is highly recommended
to be proposed to the strategies for exposure with nature, present in form of a worked
out framework.

Thus, this research makes significant contributions to the field of biophilic design:
Provides a comprehensive literature review of biophlic design, present field’s specifying
recent developments in the human-nature researcher. Presenting a detailed framework
as to how can architects adopt this concept their design process.

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