SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Module
in
EAPP
(English
for

ALAISA B.MACASIPOT, LPT

Teacher I, MSU Balindong Community High School
Balindong,Lanao del Sur
[email protected]

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 QUARTER 1: Module 1
Reading and Writing Academic Texts

__________________________________________________________________________
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this module, students will be able to:

1. define academic text, summarizing and summary from various writers, thesis statement, and
outlining;
 2. determine text structure of an academic text;
3. explain the components of the three- part essay structure;
4. determine language style in academic writing;
5. differentiate language style used in academic text from various disciplines;
6. construct paragraph using academic language;
7. identify the different reading strategies as tool in academic writing;
8. evaluate one’s purpose for reading;
9. use knowledge of text structure to glean information he/she needs;
10. identify the various techniques in summarizing, in locating thesis statement, and outlining;
11. summarize various academic texts;
12. formulate thesis statement of the texts; and
13. Make an outline of the various academic texts.

LESSON 1: ACADEMIC TEXT STRUCTURE

INSTRUCTION

Now that you are holding this module, do the following:

1. Read and follow instructions carefully in each lesson.
2. Take note and record points for clarification.
3. Do the activities to fully understand each lesson.
4. Answer all the given tests and exercises.

INTRODUCTION

Time Frame: WEEK 1

Learning Competencies:
Differentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines
Learning Objectives:

In this lesson, specifically, after working on this module, students should be able to do the
following:
1. define academic text;
2. acquire knowledge on examples of academic writing;
3. determine text structure of an academic text; and
4. explain the components of the three- part essay structure; and
5. write an essay as respond to the article given.

Overview of the lesson

Students will be dealing with the academic text, differentiate language used in academic text. They
would also acquire knowledge on examples of academic writing. They will be writing an essay out of
the article given to them.

Course Requirements

 Reading an article
 Writing an essay (Intro, Body and Conclusion)

__________________________________________________________________________________

III. CONCEPT

Let’s Answer This!

TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is wrong. Write your answer on the blank.
1. Formality in academic writing requires precision to make a legitimate piece of writing.____________
2. Writing is a form of communication that is shaped by the following factors: topic, role, and audience.
____________
3. The use of personal pronouns such as I, you, and we is acceptable in academic writing.__________
4. “How can these problems be solved?” is an example of a critical question.________________
5. Because is an example of transitional device that expresses cause and effect.__________________
6. An abstract is a summary of a novel.______________
7. The conclusion is the section that summarizes the main points of the essay._________
8. A summary is a condensed form of a text which is usually half of the original material.___________
9. To introduce a topic in an essay, the writer must be able to explain its details.____________
10. A research paper contains background of the study, body and recommendations.___________
Let’s Move On

Directions: Below are jumbled parts of a common research paper. Put them into the correct order by
using numbers (from 1-10) to represent the sequence. Write your answer it on the blank.

Presentation of the Research Problem

A. ________

Title of the Research Paper

B. _______

Presentation of the Results

C. _______

Recommendations
D. _______

Overview of Scope of Research

E. ________

Interpretation and Discussion of Results

F. ________

The Reference List

G. _______

The Abstract
H. _______

Review of the Past Research Relevant to the Paper

I. _______

Description of Methods Used to Carry out the

Research
J. ______

What is an Academic Text?

Academic text is defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or

professionals in a given field using formal language. This means that academic texts are based on facts
with solid basis. Academic writing, therefore, is generally quite formal, objective (impersonal) and
technical. It is formal by avoiding casual or conversational language, such as contractions or informal
vocabulary. It is impersonal and objective by avoiding direct reference to people or feelings, and
instead emphasizing objects, facts and ideas. It is technical by using vocabulary specific to the
discipline. To be a good academic writer, you will need to learn the specific styles and structures for
your discipline, as well as for each individual writing task.
Some examples of academic writing are as follow:

Literary Analysis: A literary analysis essay examines, evaluates, and makes an argument about
a literary work. As its name suggests, a literary analysis essay goes beyond mere summarization. It
requires careful close reading of one or multiple texts and often focuses on a specific characteristic,
theme, or motif.

Research Paper: A research paper uses outside information to support a thesis or make an
argument. Research papers are written in all disciplines and may be evaluative, analytical, or critical in
nature. Common research sources include data, primary sources (e.g., historical records), and
secondary sources (e.g., peer reviewed scholarly articles). Writing a research paper involves
synthesizing this external information with your own ideas.

Dissertation: A dissertation (or thesis) is a document submitted at the conclusion of a Ph.D. program.
The dissertation is a book-length summarization of the doctoral candidate’s research. Academic papers may be
done as a part of a class, in a program of study, or for publication in an academic journal or scholarly book of
articles around a theme, by different authors.

Structure is an important feature of academic writing. A well-structured text enables the reader to follow
the argument and navigate the text. In academic writing a clear structure and a logical flow are imperative to a
cohesive text. These are the two common structures of academic texts that you need to learn which depends on
the type of assignment you are required: the three-part essay structure and the IMRaD structure.

The Three-Part Essay Structure

The three-part essay structure is a basic structure that consists of introduction, body and
conclusion. The introduction and the conclusion should be shorter than the body of the text. For
shorter essays, one or two paragraphs for each of these sections can be appropriate. For longer texts
or theses, they may be several pages long.

Introduction. Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose and structure of the paper. As a
rough guide, an introduction might be between 10 and 20 percent of the length of the whole paper and
has three main parts:

A. The most general information, such as background and/or definitions.

B. The core of the introduction, where you show the overall topic, purpose, your point of
view, hypotheses and/or research questions (depending on what kind of paper it is).
C. The most specific information, describing the scope and structure of your paper.
You should write your introduction after you know both your overall point of view (if it is a persuasive
paper) and the whole structure of your paper. You should then revise the introduction when you have completed
the main body.
The Body. It develops the question, “What is the topic about?”. It may elaborate directly on the topic
sentence by giving definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples and evidence. This is
considered as the heart of the essay because it expounds the specific ideas for the readers to have a
better understanding of the topic. It usually is the largest part of the essay.

Conclusion. The conclusion is closely related to the introduction and is often described as its ‘mirror image’. This
means that if the introduction begins with general information and ends with specific information, the conclusion
moves in the opposite direction. The conclusion usually begins by briefly summarizing the main scope or
structure of the paper, confirms the topic that was given in the introduction, ends with a more general statement
about how this topic relates to its context. This may take the form of an evaluation of the importance of the topic,
implications for future research or a recommendation about theory or practice.

The IMRaD Structure

The sections of the IMRaD structure are Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. The Introduction usually
depicts the background of the topic and the central focus of the study. The Methodology lets your readers know
your data collection methods, research instrument employed, sample size and so on. Results and Discussion
states the brief summary of the key findings or the results of your study.

Let’s Practice

Directions: Read the Article written by Sharon Housley in 2012. Then, extract the essential statements of the
Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Write them in your notebook. Follow the format below.

Impact of Technology on Politics

The continued growth of technology has had a significant impact on the political ratings that
candidates achieve. The article Impact of Technology on Politics attempts to analyze how these two
spheres of modern life, technology and politics, interrelate and what the outcomes are of this
interrelationship.

Political candidates use technology in many ways. Different communication channels provided
by the Internet have the power to influence the growth of different individuals in their respective
spheres. The likes of Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube are powerful communication media platforms
that can easily raise the ratings of political candidates. Housley claims that whether we acknowledge it
or not, technology is a deciding factor in most political races. Through technology, politicians are able to
access funds, gain political pundits, and spend less on campaigning and pushing their candidacy.
 One of the ways in which technology influences politics is the financial side. Raising funds to
use for campaigning is an important factor for political candidates. It comes with the need to create a
vertical response to the whole country or target region. This is a major hurdle experienced by political
candidates. The Internet aided Howard Dean to get donations that he required to gain access to a large
part of the campaign region. By broadcasting through technological marketing, candidates get suitable
donors to support different parts of their campaigns. Publicity on the Internet is a cheap method, as
they do not have to re-publish, unlike what is provided by the print media. This is placed in various
commonly-accessed links (Housley, Par. 1).

The Internet enables politicians to use podcasting. The act of podcasting can make anyone a
journalist. Through podcasting, politicians are able to portray a journalistic stature, thereby ensuring
that the information is considered credible. Self-proclamation of politicians through pundits is easily
spread through messages. It is, however, difficult for politicians to guarantee the integrity of the
information posted.

The Internet can be accessed by anyone and podcasts can be posted by anyone. The integrity
of information is therefore difficult to preserve, hence, many potential candidates may have to establish
a verifiable connection with various achievements. All in all, gaining political publicity through podcasts
is a common but expensive method to use, Housley admits. However, it is logical to assume that when
correctly utilized, this is an extremely powerful political tool that pays off completely.

According to Housley, the impact of technology is great on a given generation. The young,
educated, and affluent will relate to technological innovations. A proper presentation will gain ratings
for candidates. Using the most recent technology will surely attract the youth. The older generation
may not impact the raising of presidential bids, especially if they are done through social media. The
older generation uses the Internet much less. The younger generation relates easily to these media
platforms. This differentiation is used by politicians to gain advantage in their political bids. Politicians
use technology to raise their bids among the youth, while traditional methods are used for the older
generation.

Another way to look at the matter is in relation to thinking about the Internet as a tool for free
advertising. It is no secret that presidential bids are the most expensive, as they are run to cover the
whole region. On the other hand, political videos easily generate online rating gains, and such political
Internet advertisement will reach the target audience if launched properly. Individuals perform the
needed publicity as each person shares the video, and so on. The extra generated videos are not paid
for, while on social networks even the original posting is free.

It is clear that gaining political publicity through the use of technology has become easier,
especially since technological devices are so accessible and widespread. The article analyzed is
prudent in arranging technological tools into separate groups that work as a effective means of
communicating between apolitical figure and the target audience. However, with the use of the Internet,
any political figure can become recognizable within just a few minutes. In only a few hours, public
opinion on a particular political figure is already formed within one of the social groups of voters. Not
just the good, but also a bad reputation can be formed in a blink of an eye using modern technology. It
often happens that the bad “gossip” spreads much faster. With the huge impact that technology has on
societies and public opinion in particular, it is crucial to be cautious in the use of information about any
political figure, or you risk making a positive advertisement into a negative advertisement with just one
click.

STRUCTURE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON POLITICS

Introduction

Body

Conclusion

_________________________________________________________________________________

IV.GENERALIZATION

I have learned that academic writing

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.

V. WORKSHEET
 Lesson
1

HIGH 5 READING STRATEGIES

I.INSTRUCTION
In this module, the students will
1. acquire knowledge on the different reading strategies base on the concept that will be given by the
instructor
2. make a generalization; and
3. apply the strategies on a given worksheets.

II.INTRODUCTION

Time Frame: WEEK 1-3

Learning Competencies:
Students will discover how knowledge of the traditions and values of Afro-Asian nations
could help in understanding better one‘s identity as an Asian. Particularly, Module 1 Lesson I:
Beginning the Knowledge Quest aims to guide your students in understanding traditions and
values of the Philippines and selected African country as together you search for the answers
to the question: How can I better understand my identity as an Asian? It is expected that you
 will make use of the modules according to the needs of your students and the availability of
resources/materials.

As students progress through school, they are asked to read increasingly complex informational and
graphical texts in their courses. The ability to understand and use the information in these texts is key to
a student’s success in learning. Successful students have a repertoire of strategies to draw upon and
know how to use them in different contexts. Struggling students need explicit teaching of these
strategies to become better readers

III.CONCEPT

There are 5 separate strategies that together form the High 5 Reading Strategy.

1. Activating background knowledge

Research has shown that better comprehension occurs when students are engaged in activities that bridge their old
knowledge with the new. For example, a simple question like “what do you know about … (a particular topic)”
will stimulate students’ previous knowledge of that topic. This will help them connect the current reading to their
already existing knowledge and make the new reading more stimulating and engaging. The strategy allows
students to work their way up from an already existing schema, instead of starting a new one.

2. Questioning
Encourage students to frame questions before and after reading to increase their comprehension. Each student
should be able to reflect on three main questions, namely, a right now question, an analytical question, and a
research question.
A ‘right now question’ focuses on the material presented. What is the essence of the material read? What are the
facts that are being mentioned?
An ‘analytical question’ requires students to ponder over what they have learnt. What does the author want me to
understand from this material?
A ‘research question’ encourages the students to look for information beyond what is in the text. This allows for
more comprehensive active learning to occur.

3. Analyzing text structure

This requires students to learn how to analyze or comprehend the structure of a text. Students are taught to
identify the pattern by which writers organize their material. This may be in the form of cause-effect pattern,
problem-solution pattern, or a descriptive pattern like a list, web or a matrix pattern. Understanding the pattern in
which the material is presented allows the students to comprehend the information better. It is important to teach
all the patterns of a text structure to the

students, as each structure is different and takes time to learn. They should also be taught to make use of
subheadings, labels, captions, tables, graphs, etc. as these help students to understand the material better.

4. Visualization
The fourth strategy stresses on the importance of visualizing the material. Students should be encouraged to form
visual images in their head as they read the text, which will help in better comprehension. Research suggests that
 students should visualize them as structural images or diagrams instead of mere pictures, as pictures have a
tendency to fade.

5. Summarizing
The last technique is to summarize the material read. Research has indicated that the ability to summarize
enhances comprehension. Block and Pressley defined summarize as “the ability to delete irrelevant details,
combine similar ideas, condense main ideas, and connect major themes into concise statements that capture the
purpose of a reading for the reader.” A student making use of the other four strategies will find it easier to
summarize the material. They can summarize the material in the form of diagrams, either visually or in writing.

IV. Generalization

The High 5 Reading Strategy is a simple and effective approach formulated to enhance the comprehensive
abilities of students. By using this technique, students are able to understand the material and direct their attention
to the details. It thus enhances students learning and helps them prepare for an essay or report submission or even
for a test.

V.Worksheet

The Son
By Hermann Hesse

Directions: Read the short story. Answer the questions. Refer to the text to check your answers when appropriate.

Timid and weeping, the boy had attended his mother's funeral; gloomy and shy, he had listened to Siddhartha,
who greeted him as his son and welcomed him at his place in Vasudeva's hut. Pale, he sat for many days by the
hill of the dead, did not want to eat, gave no open look, did not open his heart, met his fate with resistance and
denial.

Siddhartha spared him and let him do as he pleased, he honoured his mourning. Siddhartha understood that his
son did not know him, that he could not love him like a father. Slowly, he also saw and understood that the
eleven-year-old was a pampered boy, a mother's boy, and that he had grown up in the habits of rich people,
accustomed to finer food, to a soft bed, accustomed to giving orders to servants. Siddhartha understood that the
mourning, pampered child could not suddenly and willingly be content with a life among strangers and in poverty.
He did not force him, he did many a chore for him, always picked the best piece of the meal for him. Slowly, he
hoped to win him over, by friendly patience.

Rich and happy, he had called himself, when the boy had come to him. Since time had passed on in the meantime,
and the boy remained a stranger and in a gloomy disposition1, since he displayed a proud and stubbornly
disobedient heart, did not want to do any work, did not pay his respect to the old men, stole from Vasudeva's fruit-
trees, then Siddhartha began to understand that his son had not brought him happiness and peace, but suffering
and worry. But he loved him, and he preferred the suffering and worries of love over happiness and joy without
the boy. Since young Siddhartha was in the hut, the old men had split the work. Vasudeva had again taken on the
 job of the ferryman2 all by himself, and Siddhartha, in order to be with his son, did the work in the hut and the
field.

For a long time, for long months, Siddhartha waited for his son to understand him, to accept his love, to perhaps
reciprocate3 it. For long months, Vasudeva waited, watching, waited and said nothing. One day, when Siddhartha
the younger had once again tormented his father very much with spite and an unsteadiness in his wishes and had
broken both of his rice-bowls, Vasudeva took his friend aside in the evening and talked to him.

"Pardon me." he said, "from a friendly heart, I'm talking to you. I'm seeing that you are tormenting yourself, I'm
seeing that you're in grief. Your son, my friend, is worrying you, and he is also worrying me. That young bird is
accustomed to a different life, to a different nest. He has not, like you, ran away from riches and the city, being
disgusted and fed up with it; against his will, he had to leave all this behind. I asked the river, oh friend, many
times I have asked it. But the river laughs, it laughs at me, it laughs at you and me, and is shaking with laughter at
out foolishness. Water wants to join water, youth wants to join youth, your son is not in the place where he can
prosper. You too should ask the river; you too should listen to it!"

Brightly, the ferryman's smile lit up; softly, he touched Siddhartha's arm and said: "Ask the river about it, my
friend! Hear it laugh about it! Would you actually believe that you had committed your foolish acts in order to
spare your son from committing them too? And could you in any way protect your son from Sansara6? How
could you? By means of teachings, prayer, admonition? My friend, have you entirely forgotten that story, that
story containing so many lessons, that story about Siddhartha, a Brahman's son? Who has kept the Samana
Siddhartha safe from Sansara, from sin, from greed, from foolishness? Were his father's religious devotion, his
teachers warnings, his own knowledge, his own search able to keep him safe? Which father, which teacher had
been able to protect him from living his life for himself, from soiling himself with life, from burdening himself
with guilt, from drinking the bitter drink for himself, from finding his path for himself? Would you think, my dear
friend, anybody might perhaps be spared from taking this path? That perhaps your little son would be spared,
because you love him, because you would like to keep him from suffering and pain and disappointment? But even

if you would die ten times for him, you would not be able to take the slightest part of his destiny upon yourself."

Never before, Vasudeva had spoken so many words. Kindly, Siddhartha thanked him, went troubled into the hut,
could not sleep for a long time. Vasudeva had told him nothing that he had not already thought and known for
himself. But this was a knowledge he could not act upon, stronger than the knowledge was his love for the boy,
stronger was his tenderness, his fear to lose him. Had he ever lost his heart so much to something, had he ever
loved any person thus, thus blindly, thus sufferingly, thus unsuccessfully, and yet thus happily?

Siddhartha could not heed his friend's advice, he could not give up the boy. He let the boy give him orders, he let
him disregard him. He said nothing and waited; daily, he began the mute struggle of friendliness, the silent war of
patience. Vasudeva also said nothing and waited, friendly, knowing, patient. They were both masters of patience.

At one time, when the boy's face reminded him very much of Kamala, Siddhartha suddenly had to think of a line
which Kamala a long time ago, in the days of their youth, had once said to him. "You cannot love," she had said
to him, and he had agreed with her and had compared himself with a star, while comparing the childlike people
with falling leaves, and nevertheless he had also sensed an accusation in that line. Indeed, he had never been able
to lose or devote himself completely to another person, to forget himself, to commit foolish acts for the love of
 another person; never he had been able to do this, and this was, as it had seemed to him at that time, the great
distinction which set him apart from the childlike people. But now, since his son was here, now he, Siddhartha,
had also become completely a childlike person, suffering for the sake of another person, loving another person,
lost to a love, having become a fool on account of love. Now he too felt, late, once in his lifetime, this strongest
and strangest of all passions, suffered from it, suffered miserably, and was nevertheless in bliss, was nevertheless
renewed in one respect, enriched by one thing.

"We will build a raft," said Vasudeva, "to get our boat back, which the boy has taken away. But him, you shall let
run along, my friend, he is no child any more, he knows how to get around. He's looking for the path to the city,
and he is right, don't forget that. He's doing what you've failed to do yourself. He's taking care of himself, he's
taking his course. Alas, Siddhartha, I see you suffering, but you're suffering a pain at which one would like to
laugh, at which you'll soon laugh for yourself."

Siddhartha did not answer. He already held the axe in his hands and began to make a raft of bamboo, and
Vasudeva helped him tie the canes together with ropes of grass. Then they crossed over, drifted far off their
course, pulled the raft upriver on the opposite bank.

"Why did you take the axe along?" asked Siddhartha.

Vasudeva said: "It might have been possible that the oar of our boat got lost."

But Siddhartha knew what his friend was thinking. He thought, the boy would have thrown away or broken the
oar in order to get even and in order to keep them from following him. And in fact, there was no oar left in the
boat. Vasudeva pointed to the bottom of the boat and looked at his friend with a smile, as if he wanted to say:
"Don't you see what your son is trying to tell you? Don't you see that he doesn't want to be followed?" But he did
not say this in words. He started making a new oar. But Siddhartha bid his farewell, to look for the run-away.
Vasudeva did not stop him.

When Siddhartha had already been walking through the forest for a long time, the thought occurred to him that his
search was useless. Either, so he thought, the boy was far ahead and had already reached the city, or, if he should
still be on his way, he would conceal himself from him, the pursuer. As he continued thinking, he also found that
he, on his part, was not worried for his son, he knew deep inside that he had neither perished nor was in any
danger in the forest. Nevertheless, he ran without stopping, no longer to save him, just to satisfy his desire, just to
perhaps see him one more time. And he ran up to just outside of the city.

When, near the city, he reached a wide road, he stopped, by the entrance of the beautiful pleasure-garden, which
used to belong to Kamala, where he had seen her for the first time in her sedan-chair. The past rose up in his soul,
again he saw himself standing there, young, bearded, hair full of dust. For a long time, Siddhartha stood there and
looked through the open gate into the garden, seeing monks in yellow robes walking among the beautiful trees.

For a long time, he stood there, pondering, seeing images, listening to the story of his life. For a long time, he
stood there, looked at the monks, saw young Siddhartha in their place, saw young Kamala walking among the
high trees. Clearly, he saw himself being served food and drink by Kamala, receiving his first kiss from her,
looking proudly and disdainfully back on his Brahmanism11, beginning proudly and full of desire his worldly
life. He saw the servants, the gamblers with the dice, the musicians, saw
Troubled, Siddhartha looked into his friendly face, in the many wrinkles of which there was incessant4
cheerfulness.

"How could I part with him?" he said quietly, ashamed. "Give me some more time, my friend! See, I'm fighting
for him, I'm seeking to win his heart, with love and with friendly patience I intend to capture it. One day, the river
shall also talk to him, he also is called upon."
Vasudeva's smile flourished more warmly. "Oh yes, he too is called upon, he too is of the eternal life. But do we,
you and me, know what he is called upon to do, what path to take, what actions to perform, what pain to endure?
Not a small one, his pain will be; after all, his heart is proud and hard, people like this have to suffer a lot, err a
lot, do much injustice, burden themselves with much sin. Tell me, my friend: you're not taking control of your
son's upbringing? You don't force him? You don't beat him? You don't punish him?"

"No, Vasudeva, I don't do anything of this."

"I knew it. You don't force him, don't beat him, don't give him orders, because you know that 'soft' is stronger
than 'hard', Water stronger than rocks, love stronger than force. Very good, I praise you. But aren't you mistaken
in thinking that you wouldn't force him, wouldn't punish him? Don't you shackle him with your love? Don't you
make him feel inferior every day, and don't you make it even harder on him with your kindness and patience?
Don't you force him, the arrogant and pampered boy, to live in a hut with two old banana-eaters, to whom even
rice is a delicacy, whose thoughts can't be his, whose hearts are old and quiet and beat in a different pace than his?
Isn't forced, isn't he punished by all this?"

Troubled, Siddhartha looked to the ground. Quietly, he asked: "What do you think should I do?"

Quoth Vasudeva: "Bring him into the city, bring him into his mother's house, there'll still be servants around, give
him to them. And when they aren't any around any more, bring him to a teacher, not

for the teachings' sake, but so that he shall be among other boys, and among girls, and in the world which is his
own. Have you never thought of this?"

"You're seeing into my heart," Siddhartha spoke sadly. "Often, I have thought of this. But look, how shall I put
him, who had no tender heart anyhow, into this world? Won't he become exuberant5, won't he lose himself to
pleasure and power, won't he repeat all of his father's mistakes, won't he perhaps get entirely lost in Sansara?"

Vocabulary
1. disposition: mood
2. ferryman: carries people across a river or body of water in a boat
3. reciprocate: to give something in return or response
4. incessant: without pause; unending, to the point of annoyance
5. exuberant: high-spirited; extremely energetic and enthusiastic

He did sense very well that this love, this blind love for his son, was a passion, something very human, that it was
Sansara, a murky source, dark waters. Nevertheless, he felt at the same time, it was not worthless, it was
necessary, came from the essence of his own being. This pleasure also had to be atoned7 for, this pain also had to
be endured, these foolish acts also had to be committed.

Through all this, the son let him commit his foolish acts, let him court for his affection, let him humiliate himself
every day by giving in to his moods. This father had nothing which would have delighted him and nothing which
he would have feared. He was a good man, this father, a good, kind, soft man, perhaps a very devout8 man,
perhaps a saint, none of these were attributes which could win the boy over. He was bored by this father, who
kept him prisoner here in this miserable hut of his, he was bored by him, and for him to answer every naughtiness
with a smile, every insult with friendliness, every viciousness with kindness, this very thing was the hated trick of
this old sneak. Much more the boy would have liked it if he had been threatened by him, if he had been abused by
him.

A day came, when what young Siddhartha had on his mind came bursting forth, and he openly turned against his
father. The latter had given him a task, he had told him to gather brushwood. But the boy did not leave the hut, in
 stubborn disobedience and rage he stayed where he was, thumped on the ground with his feet, clenched his fists,
and screamed in a powerful outburst his hatred and contempt9 into his father's face.

"Get the brushwood for yourself!" he shouted foaming at the mouth, "I'm not your servant. I do know, that you
won't hit me, you don't dare; I do know, that you constantly want to punish me and put me down with your
religious devotion and your indulgence10. You want me to become like you, just as devout, just as soft, just as
wise! But I, listen up, just to make you suffer, I rather want to become a highway-robber and murderer, and go to
hell, than to become like you! I hate you, you're not my father!"

Rage and grief boiled over in him, foamed at the father in a hundred savage and evil words. Then the boy ran
away and only returned late at night.

But the next morning, he had disappeared. What had also disappeared was a small basket, woven out of bast of
two colours, in which the ferrymen kept those copper and silver coins which they received as a fare. The boat had
also disappeared, Siddhartha saw it lying by the opposite bank. The boy had ran away.

"I must follow him," said Siddhartha, who had been shivering with grief since those ranting speeches, the boy had
made yesterday. "A child can't go through the forest all alone. He'll perish. We must build a raft, Vasudeva, to get
over the water."

Vocabulary
6. Sansara: chasing power and pleasure
7. atone: to make amends
8. devout: warmly devoted; hearty; sincere; earnest
9. indulgence: tolerance; catering to someone's every desire
10. bast: a fibrous rope or cord

Kamala's song-bird in the cage, lived through all this once again, breathed Sansara, was once again old and tired,
felt once again disgust, felt once again the wish to annihilate himself, was once again healed by the holy Om12.

After having been standing by the gate of the garden for a long time, Siddhartha realised that his desire was
foolish, which had made him go up to this place, that he could not help his son, that he was not allowed to cling
him. Deeply, following the runaway son, there was now emptiness. Sadly, he sat down, felt something dying in
his heart, experienced emptiness, saw no joy any more, no goal. He sat lost in thought and waited. This he had
learned by the river, this one thing: waiting, having patience, listening attentively. And he sat and listened, in the
dust of the road, listened to his heart, beating tiredly and sadly,

That this wound did not blossom yet, did not shine yet, at this hour, made him sad. Instead of the desired goal,
which had drawn him here following the runaway son, there was now emptiness. Sadly, he sat down, felt
something dying in his heart, experienced emptiness, saw no joy any more, no goal. He sat lost in thought and
waited. This he had learned by the river, this one thing: waiting, having patience, listening attentively. And he sat
and listened, in the dust of the road, listened to his heart, beating tiredly and sadly, waited for a voice. Many an
hour he crouched, listening, saw no images any more, fell into emptiness, let himself fall, without seeing a path.
And when he felt the wound burning, he silently spoke the Om, filled himself with Om. The monks in the garden
saw him, and since he crouched for many hours, and dust was gathering on his gray hair, one of them came to him
and placed two bananas in front of him. The old man did not see him.

From this petrified13 state, he was awoken by a hand touching his shoulder. Instantly, he recognised this touch,
this tender, bashful touch, and regained his senses. He rose and greeted Vasudeva, who had followed him. And
when he looked into Vasudeva's friendly face, into the small wrinkles, which were as if they were filled with
nothing but his smile, into the happy eyes, then he smiled too. Now he saw the bananas lying in front of him,
 picked them up, gave one to the ferryman, ate the other one himself. After this, he silently went back into the
forest with Vasudeva, returned home to the ferry. Neither one talked about what had happened today, neither one
mentioned the boy's name, neither one spoke about him running away, neither one spoke about the wound. In the
hut, Siddhartha lay down on his bed, and when after a while Vasudeva came to him, to offer him a bowl of
coconut-milk, he already found him asleep.

Vocabulary

11. Brahmanism: aspects of Hinduism as practiced by the Brahmin caste of India

12. Om: a sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation
13. petrify: to become very rigid; to become like stone

Name: ____________________________________
The Son | Reading Quiz

1. Which statement is false?

a. Siddhartha is poor and lives in a hut the woods. b. The boy's mother has passed away.
c. The boy grew up in a wealthy home with servants. d. Siddhartha has raised his son since infancy.

2. Which best describes how Siddhartha treats his son?

a. He is firm but loving. b. He is understanding and kind.
c. He is impatient and demanding. d. He is too busy working to give his son attention.

3. Which best describes Vesduva's position on the boy?

a. The boy needs discipline, so Siddhartha should treat him more firmly.

b. The boy doesn't work and he steals, so he should be sent to live elsewhere.

c. The boy has to experience life for himself, so Siddhartha should let him go.

d. The boy needs an education to succeed, so he should be sent to a teacher.

4. Which statement about the boy is false?

a. He is afraid of Vasudeva.

b. He makes Siddhartha happy.

c. He is disrespectful and ungrateful.

d. He is spoiled and troublesome.

5. What effect does Siddhartha's approach have on the boy?

a. It makes the boy laugh at his father's weakness. b. It makes the boy angry with his father.
c. It makes the boy sad about the way that he acted. d. It makes the boy concerned for his father's health.

6. Which character trait does not apply to Vesduva?

a. possessive b. patient c. tactful d. clever

7. Which is the correct sequence of events?

a. The boy runs away; Siddhartha stands by the garden and thinks; Vesduva tells his friend to listen to the river
 b. Vesduva makes an oar for the boat; the boy runs away; the boy yells at his father

c. The boy yells at his father; the boy steals the boat; Siddhartha stands by the garden and thinks

d. The boy steals the boat; Vesduva tells his friend to listen to the river; the boy runs away

8. Which figurative language technique is used in the following?

"Your son is worrying you, and he is also worrying me. That young bird is accustomed to a different life, to a
different nest."

a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Personification d. Hyperbole

9. Which statement about Siddhartha is false?

a. He learns that he cannot protect his son. b. Siddhartha learns that love can be selfish.

c. He learns that children bring suffering and worry. d. He learns that children need structure and rules.

10. Based on how the story concludes, which would be most likely to occur next if the story were to continue?

a. Siddhartha would take his anger and grief out on Vesduva.

b. Siddhartha and Vesduva would continue living as they once did.

c. Siddhartha would search for his son with greater intensity.

d. Siddhartha and Vesduva would establish a list of rules for their hut in the woods.

Extended Response: Answer the following question in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper.

What is a theme, message, or lesson that the author of this text is trying to communicate to the reader?
Put it into your own words and explain how this story attempts to teach this theme, message, or lesson to readers.
Support your argument with two examples from the text. Explain your argument completely.

References:

 helpteaching.com/question
 slideshare.net/mobile/Nilsa
 K-12 Basic Education Curriculum Senior High School- Applied Track Subject
 Summarizing
By Leora Freedman, English Language Learning, Arts & Science

I. INSTRUCTION

After Reading the concept about summarizing, students will acquire knowledge on the different methods of
summarizing base on the concept that will be given by the instructor then make a generalization and apply the
strategies on a given worksheets.

II. INTRODUCTION

Summarizing is one of those skills that may seem very easy to a teacher but can be difficult for students
who have not been properly taught how to summarize.

Writing a good summary is not as easy as it may appear. It actually requires quite a bit of finesse. First
the student must read and comprehend the text. This may involve unpacking lengthy sentences and
decoding challenging vocabulary. Then they must identify main ideas and key points, which means
that they must have a good enough understanding of the text to distinguish between essential and
nonessential information. Finally they must express this information in their own words. This means
that summarizing a text requires both comprehension and expression skills.

Summarizing a text, or distilling its essential concepts into a paragraph or two, is a useful study tool as well as
good writing practice. A summary has two aims: (1) to reproduce the overarching ideas in a text, identifying
the general concepts that run through the entire piece, and (2) to express these overarching ideas using precise,
specific language. When you summarize, you cannot rely on the language the author has used to develop his or
her points, and you must find a way to give an overview of these points without your own sentences becoming too
general. You must also make decisions about which concepts to leave in and which to omit, taking into
consideration your purposes in summarizing and also your view of what is important in this text.

III. CONCEPT

Here are some methods for summarizing: First, prior to skimming, use some of the previewing techniques.

1. Include the title and identify the author in your first sentence.

2. The first sentence or two of your summary should contain the author’s thesis, or central concept, stated in
your own words. This is the idea that runs through the entire text–the one you’d mention if someone
asked you: “What is this piece/article about?” Unlike student essays, the main idea in a primary document
or an academic article may not be stated in one location at the beginning. Instead, it may be gradually
developed throughout the piece or it may become fully apparent only at the end.
3. When summarizing a longer article, try to see how the various stages in the explanation or argument are
built up in groups of related paragraphs. Divide the article into sections if it isn’t done in the published
form. Then, write a sentence or two to cover the key ideas in each section.
4. Omit ideas that are not really central to the text. Don’t feel that you must reproduce the author’s exact
progression of thought. (On the other hand, be careful not to misrepresent ideas by omitting important
aspects of the author’s discussion).
 5. In general, omit minor details and specific examples. (In some texts, an extended example may be a key
part of the argument, so you would want to mention it).
6. Avoid writing opinions or personal responses in your summaries (save these for active reading responses
or tutorial discussions).
7. Be careful not to plagiarize the author’s words. If you do use even a few of the author’s words, they must
appear in quotation marks. To avoid plagiarism, try writing the first draft of your summary without
looking back at the original text.

IV.GENERALIZATION

Writing a good summary is not as easy as it may appear. It actually requires quite a bit of
finesse. First the student must read and comprehend the text. This may involve unpacking lengthy
sentences and decoding challenging vocabulary. Then they must identify main ideas and key points,
which means that they must have a good enough understanding of the text to distinguish between
essential and nonessential information. Finally they must express this information in their own
words. This means that summarizing a text requires both comprehension and expression skills.

V. WORKSHEETS

Summary Worksheet
Directions: Read each passage. Highlight or underline necessary information. Write your summary on the
space provided.

1. The English were not the first Europeans to land

their ships on American soil. The Vikings had
discovered North America in the 11th century.
Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492 for Spain,
and the French began expeditions to the New World
in 1524. But the first English presence in North
America is important because the thirteen English
colonies that would later be established eventually
became the country now known as the United States
of America.

2. In April of 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh, under the

authority of Queen Elizabeth of England, sent an
expedition of seven ships carrying 600 men, half of
them soldiers, to found an English colony in North
America. The colony was to be used to establish an
English presence in the New World as well as a base
from which English privateers, or pirates, could
attack and plunder Spanish treasure fleets. Raleigh’s
cousin, Sir Richard Grenville, led the expedition.
 3. In July of that year the bulk of the fleet reached a
small island off the coast of Virginia that was called
Roanoke. After building a small fort on the north side
of the island, the colonists initiated relations with a
Native American tribe that lived on the island, the
Aquascogoc. These natives showed little interest in
building relations with the English colonists, and
they soon parted company. After this encounter,
however, the English noticed that one of their silver
cups had gone missing, and they attributed its
disappearance to the Aquascogoc. Grenville, the
English captain, was furious. He believed that the
Aquascogoc had stolen the silver cup. Whether or not
this was true, angry exchanges followed and soon the
English burned the Aquascogoc village. The English
held their fort against the subsequent attacks of the
natives.

4. Despite their success in battle, the colonists had a

miserable time because they were mainly soldiers and
adventurers, not farmers. They were hungry. They
missed the comforts of England, such as soft feather
beds and dainty foods. Also they had expected to find
gold and silver on the island, and were disappointed
when they found none. Grenville soon tired of these
conditions and set out on his ship to plunder Spanish
treasure fleets and return to England. The colony was
gradually abandoned.

5. In 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh dispatched a further

expedition of three ships and 150 colonists, led by John
White, to Roanoke. This time the expedition included
women and children, including White’s pregnant
daughter, Elenora. Shortly after they reached Roanoke,
Elenora delivered a child whom they named Virginia.
Virginia was the first English person born in America.
But the English soon ran into more trouble with the
Native Americans. A colonist named George Howe was
killed by natives while searching for crabs alone on the
beach. The colonists were scared. They persuaded
White to sail back to England to ask Sir Walter Raleigh
for help. White left behind 114 colonists, including his
daughter Elenora and granddaughter Virginia.
 References:

 helpteaching.com/question
 slideshare.net/mobile/Nilsa
 K-12 Basic Education Curriculum Senior High School- Applied Track Subject

III. CONCEPT