DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)

ENGLISH
XI

Compiled By: Engineer Nasim Zulfiqar

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UNDER THE GREEN WOOD TREE

Introduction of the poet
William Shakespeare was the great poet of 16th century, was born in Stratford-on-Avon.
He was a great dramatist and a comedian too. He got little education in Latin language.
He was a great explorer of the mind and this poem is a great icon of his genius.
Introduction of the poem
The lines given for explanation are an extract from the poem Under the Green Wood Tree
which is the title of a song taken from the play, As You Like It written by William
Shakespeare. The play tells the story of two brothers, the Elder Duke and the younger
brother, Duke Frederick. The younger brother is very greedy, selfish and ambitious and
wishes to usurp the dukedom. He forces the Elder Duke to go into exile and pass the
rest of his life in the Forest of Arden. The Elder Duke is accompanied by some his
devoted companions and followers. Among them is Lord Amiens, who is gifted with a
very sweet, melodious voice.
Summary
The lines given for explanation are an extract from one of the songs sung by him. In this
song, he describes the pleasant and carefree life of the forest. He also extends an open
invitation to anyone who wishes to join him in the cheerful surrounding. Such a person
should be free from all worldly wishes, and should feel happy and content to live in the
open, natural environment. The only problem one has to face there is the harsh
unbearable winter and rough weather.

Come hither, come hither, come hither:

Here shall he see
No enemy,
But winter and rough weather.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The poem “Under the Greenwood tree” is a type of______________.
Comedy Irony Lyrical ballad Sonnet
2. The poem “Under the greenwood Tree” is occurring in Act II, scene ______________.
I II V VII
3. Under the greenwood tree is composed by ______________.
William Wordsworth William Shakespeare Lord Amiens Oliver goldsmith
4. The singer of the poem / song is ______________.
Alan Poe Jacqueos Lord Amiens Shakespeare
5. “As you like it” is published in ______________.
1599 1564 1601 1616
6. There are ______________enemies in the forest.
2 3 4 1
7. Duke was robbed of his dominion by his wicked brother named ______________.
John Tom Maslow Fredrick
8. William Shakespeare was born at ______________.
London Paris Ireland Stratford-on-Avon
9. William Shakespeare was the discovery of ______________ age.
Victorian Modern literature Restoration Renaissance
10. William Shakespeare was died in ______________.
1616 1618 1619 1639

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“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1: Briefly elaborate the lines “Here shall be see no enemy but winter and
rough weather”?
Ans: In these lines the poet asserts that the life of the forest is free from tension and
troubles. In forest’s life you will not become the victim of external torture except
winter and rough weather which harm you physically but tolerable and will
heal with the passage of time.
Q#2: What is the central idea of the poem “UNDER THE GREEN WOOD TREE”?
Ans: William Shakespeare was the great explorer of the minds speak through the
tongue of Lord Amiens that the life of the forest is far better than the city life.
The city life is full of worries, problems, hurdles and conspiracies while these
sort of problems are absent in the forest life expect winter and rough weather.
These types of elements are endurable.
Q#3 Briefly describe the kind of life to which the listeners are invited by the
song? (2014)
Ans: By this song Lord Amiens, in the play “As You Like It”, living a life of exile, is
inviting the listeners to come and lead a simple but pleasant forest life. It is a
life quite safe from any rivalry or enmity except the roughness of weather, so all
listeners are invited to live there.
Q#4: According to William Shakespeare who is the enemy of a man?
Ans: According to William Shakespeare the biggest enemy of a man is man. Because a
man can fight with wild beasts though. But he can not take over a black sheep. A man
stabs into whose back who has trusted on him.
Q#5: What is the philosophical idea behind the poem,” Under the Greenwood
Tree”? (2013)
Ans: There are two ideas behind the poem. First is that the nature invites you to
come and enjoy its beauty and charm. So if you wish to live a calm, peaceful
and healthy life and if you do not have any material desire you should come
here. Nature, at its best in the forest, is welcoming you all having opened its
arms. The other idea is that the biggest enemy of a man is man. Because a
man can fight with wild beasts, even. But he cannot take over a black sheep.
And a forest is the place, devoid of your real enemy. So come and live here.
Q#6. What compels Lord Amiens to sing a song “Under the Greenwood Tree”?
Ans: Lord Amiens draws a real picture of this materialistic world through the poem.
Lord Amiens, one of a group of noblemen, is living a life of exile in the Forest of
Arden with a Duke who has been robbed of his dominion by his brother named
Frederick. That’s why he invites the people to come in the forest and live in free
manner.
Q#7. Who is singing a song under the green wood tree and why?
Ans: Lord Amiens is the singer of the song “Under the greenwood tree”. Lord Amiens is
inviting the people to come and enjoy the nature because it doesn’t harm much.
A person has to face only two enemies in the form of winter and rough weather, which
may create some troubles, but these troubles can be tolerated.
Q#8. Elaborate the lines “Who doth ambition shun and love to be with sun”?
Ans: In these lines the poet communicates only to those person who does not have
desires to enjoy the luxurious life and want to live in the open air in the woods
where he has to hunt his own and make yours self-satisfied with what he gets.
Q9: How is the song ‘Under the greenwood tree’ relevant to Duke’s situation? (2019)
Ans: Lord Amien sang this song for Duke Senior and it is much relevant to Duke’s situation.
According to Lord Amien, there are a lot of enemies of the king in the city including his brother
while in the forest there is no enemy of king. They need only to bear winter and rough weather.

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"THE CHARACTER OF A HAPPY LIFE"

Introduction of the Poet
The poem “The Character of a Happy Life”, has been written by Sir Henry Wotton. He
was born in Kent and the son of country gentleman. In this poem Wotton has described
the characteristics of a person who can truly be called a happy man.

Introduction of the Poem

We find Wotton’s poem is a sharp sense of contrast between the uneasy life of the
ambitious man and the contented life of man satisfied to live an obscure life of peaceful
virtue. Sir Henry Wotton wrote from experience; for he was a distinguished servant of the
crown who had seen for himself the rise and fall of ambitious men. The poem consisting
of six stanzas of regular couplet rhymed.
“Nature is the peace not the Land.”
__________________________________ John Keats

Summary
A person who has freedom of will and thought leads a happy life. He does not act
according to other people’s wishes. His only weapon is his simplicity and truth.
Such an upright man is not a slave of his desires. He is always prepared for death. This
man is not concerned about being famous or in what people say about him publicly or
privately.
This upright man is not jealous of chance or foul play. He knows that flattery gives the
deepest wounds. He does not abide by the rules of the society which compel a person to
do unwanted deeds. He follows the rules of goodness which will lead him to the right
path.
A happy man’s life is freed from numerous when he is sad he retires in his comfort of
clear conscience. He hasn’t got a high position. Therefore people don’t flatter him or nick
him at his down fall. A happy man prays to God regularly. In this prayer he does not ask
for rocks but he asks God to be gracious and merciful on him. His favorite positive is
good book or friend. A man who is truly happy is free from slavery of his desires. He isn’t
ambitious. He does not expect too much therefore his hopes aren’t shattered. He doesn’t
fear a downfall. This man hasn’t got lands or wealth and yet he has everything. He has
got the greatest wealth of contentment and happiness.

Conclusion
The poet described the characteristics of a noble and happy man, who is honest, simple,
not slave of his desires. He follows the rules of goodness, which will lead him to the right
path.

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“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The poem “Character of a happy life” is composed by ______________.
William Shakespeare Sir Henry Wotton Thomas Campion Sir Walter Scott
2. Sir Henry Wotton was born in ______________.
1639 1568 1564 1546
3. Sir Henry Wotton was a ______________ poet.
Romantic Religious Imaginative Supernatural
4. Sir Henry Wotton was born in ______________.
Cocker mouth Kent Sussex Dublin
5. ______________ King gave him a regular pension.
James John Tom Edward
6. How happy is he born or ______________.
Teach Taught Learnt Behaved
7. And simple truth his utmost ______________.
Art Variety Habit Skill
8. Whose passions not his ______________ are.
Governor Master Companion Comrade
9. Of public fame, or ______________ breath;
Private Mass Friend None of them
10. Who ______________ none that chance doth raise.
Envies Jealous Pride Vanity
11. How deepest wounds are given by ______________.
Admiration Praise Money Good
12. Whose ______________ is his strong retreat?
Conscience Body Mind None of them
13. The man is freed from ______________ band.
Servile Natural Acts Habits
14. Of hope to rise, or fear to ______________.
Fall Down Up Earth
15. With a ______________ books or friend.
Religions Romantic Natural Dramatic
16. The man is free from ______________ band.
Servile Natural Acts Habits
17. Of hope to rise, or fear to ______________.
Fall Down Up Earth

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“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1: Pick out the line or lines from the Character of a Happy Life in which the
poet identifies each of the following characteristics of a man whose life is
happy.
(a) Independence (b) honesty of thought
(c) truthfulness (d) self- control
(e) Freedom from worldly ambition
(f) freedom from envy, of worldly success
(g) Lack of wealth and position (h) piety.

Ans: Following are the lines in which the poet identifies the characteristics of a happy
man:-

1. That served not another’s will.

2. Whose armour is his honest thought?
3. And simple truth his utmost skill.
4. Whose passions not his masters are.
5. Untied unto the world by care of public fame or private breath.
6. Who envies none that chance doth raise.
7. Lord of himself though not of lands.
8. And having nothing yet hath all.

Q#2 What sort of freedom does he enjoy according to the lines “United unto
the world” by care of public fame or private breath?
Ans: A happy man discerns that the world is full of color. He does not involve himself
in the worldly gains and beauty. He does not want to be famous among the people and
does not want to be famous among the people and does take care about the
intentions & opinion of the people which they will establish about him.

Q#3 Briefly explain the meaning of the word “Nor rules of state” & “Rules of
good”.
Ans: Basically, the poets distinguish between the types of governing. Firstly “Rules of
state” means to the country or the state. Each and every government follows
certain rules but this rule fulfills her interest and intensions and sometimes
proves insolvent for the country men. While “Rules of good” means he has got
triumph over the hearts and the emotions of the people. He uses the mild
accent and preaches good teaching of God among them which make them
aware about the weight of life.

Q#4 Why did he get deepest wounds by praise?

Ans: A pious man hates flattery because it spoils anybody’s nature. It may also bring
enmity. That’s why he got deepest wounds by Praise.
“Envy is a great sin and spoils anybody’s nature” (Oscar Wilde)

Q#5 Describe briefly the lines “having nothing yet hath all”?
Ans. The poet gives the very good impression in the closing lines. He asserts that he
has broken from worldly gains but he burden’s himself with the good deeds. It
means that he is poor in the eyes of the people but very flourish spiritually.

Q#6 What is meant by “Whose passions not his master are and whose soul is
still prepared for death”?
Ans: The poet is describing the foremost qualities of the modest man. He asserts
that a pious man has totally command over his desire. He never runs behind
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the worldly gains. The second quality of a pious person is that he is fully prepared
to meet the Almighty Allah because he spends his life according to the dogmas
which is prescribed by God.

Q#7: Attempt to explain briefly how Sir Henry Wotton’s Happy Man ‘having
nothing yet hath all.’
Ans: A happy man does not have very much with respect to material objects. He may
not have vast and wide lands or bank balance or other luxuries, but he
possesses contended mind and a happy and joyful heart. This is what Henry
Wotton called “everything” in this poem. Because,
“A contend mind is the greatest blessing a man can enjoy in this world.”

Q#8: Why does a happy man pray to God?

Ans: A happy man always prays to God, not because of His material blessings or
worldly objects but because He is almighty, He is worth-adoration, and He
deserves to be prayed and worshiped.

Q#9 Describe the lines “Whose passions not his masters are?
Ans: In their lines the poet describes one of the foremost qualities of a man who
bears such a good character. He has total command over his passions. He does
not allow his character to destroy under the influence of his passion &
sentiments.

Q#10 Describe the lines of “Public Fame, or Private Breath”?

Ans: A pious man has complete awareness about the way of the world. He does not
involve him a lot in this world to become famous and does not care what gossips
tell about him in private furthermore he enjoys his life in care free manner.

Q#11 Who is free from servile band and how?

Ans: The man who does not indulge himself in the materialistic world is free from
servile band because he has no hope to rise and fear to fall but has hope for
the rewards in the second world.
Q12: How does Sir Henry Wotton’s man enjoy his spare-time? (2016)
Ans: Sir Henry Wotton’s man enjoy his spare time in praying to God and reading the religious books. He
spends his days in harmless joys. He never perplexes others and he is even jealous of no one. His whole day
is the model of an idealistic life.
Q12: What does Henry Wotton’s man use for his defense? (2014)
Ans: Henry Wotton’s man had a character that helps him to live a happy life in the world and in
here after as well. Henry Wotton’s man is a paragon of upright man. He is honest enough morally
and practically so he was not envied by any person and thus has no enemy as well. Relying on this
face, Wotton’s man neither need towers nor armor for his defense. He is well defended by his
honest thoughts and deeds. His life is a paradigm of happy living.
Q13: What are the qualities of a happy man as described in the poem, ‘The Character of a Happy Life.’?
(2010/2009)
Ans: A happy man has following good qualities:
i) He is not a slave to other people’s wishes, and is master of his own will.
ii) He has full control over his passions and desires.
iii) He does not envy anybody who has risen to a high position either by chance or through some
wicked means.
iv) He prays to God day and night. He thanks God more for His grace rather than for worldly gifts
that He has given him.
v) He passes his day in reading a good book or in the company of a good friend.

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"THE ABBOT OF CANTERBURY"

Introduction
The poem The Abbot of Canterbury, included in our book, is a ballad. Ballads have crude
language because fine writing would not be suitable for the telling of this straightforward
and amusing folk story. King John ruled England from 1199 to 1219, was a very
unpleasant man and a thoroughly bad kind.

Structure of Poem
The Abbot of Canterbury is a ballad of unknown poet telling an ancient story consisting
of 100 lines of regular rhythm.

Summary
There was a king of England whose name was King John. He ruled England very cruelly
and he always did the wrong thing. Once he came to know that there was an Abbot of
Canterbury who was leading life better than the king. He had one hundred servants and
each one there wore fifty gold chains and velvet coat. They were always ready to serve
the Abbot. For very minor things they used to go to the city of London.
This way of leading life angered the king and his sent for the Abbot to explain his
position before the king. The Abbot said to him that he was spending the money so
luxuriously because he had inherited a lot of money from his fore fathers. The king
disbelieved him and charged him to be a traitor.
The king said to Abbot that his life and properties would be confiscated by the
government if he could not answer his three questions. There was given three weeks’
time to answer those questions.
 The first question was what his worth and value was when he was having such a
precious crown on his head.
 The second question was how soon he could make the journey of the whole world.
 The third question was that he was thinking at that time when he was talking to
the Abbot of Canterbury.
After listening three questions the Abbot was very much confuse. He confessed that he
had no mind to answer those difficult questions. He went to many universities but no
one was able to answer him.
Then the shepherd of the Abbot offered him that he would imposter the Abbot prodded
he was given the relevant dress of the Abbot.
In reply to the first question he said that his value was twenty-nine pence. In response to
the second question he said if he rose with the sun and rode with the same he would
complete the journey of the world in 24 hours. In response to the third question he said
that he thinking that he was talking to the Abbot by him was not the Abbot but the
shepherd. The king was very happy, he rewarded him and pardoned the Abbot.

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“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. ______________ composed the poem of The Abbot of Canterbury.
Robert Frost P.B Shelly William Shakespeare Anonymous
2. ______________ was the king of England at the time of story.
John Tom James None of them
3. The poem “The Abbot of Canterbury” belongs to the ______________.
Abbot King John Bishop Pardoner
4. Abbot was ______________ by nature.
Hospitable Wise Romantic Courteous
5. ______________ Men were entertained by Abbot in his house.
100 50 20 30
6. The King John felt ______________ against Abbot.
Courtesy Jealousy Hospitable None of them
7. ______________ reported to King John about the luxurious life style of Abbot.
Common People King’s Official Queen Shepherd
8. The King asked ______________ questions to Abbot.
2 3 1 5
9. The King gave the space of ______________ weeks to answer the riddles.
2 3 1 4
10. Abbot went to Cambridge and ______________ University.
Oxford Harvard Essex Dublin
11. Shepherd was going to ______________.
Home Church Fold Market
12. ______________ gave the answers of three questions.
Shepherd Abbot Doctor
13. There were ______________ days left when abbot met the shepherd.
3 2 5 7
14. ______________ Days had passed when Abbot met the shepherd.
3 18 15 14
15. First question asked by king is about______________
Worth Ride the whole What he thinks
16. Second question asked by king is about______________.
Worth Ride the whole What he thinks
17. Third question asked by king is about______________.
Worth Ride the whole What he thinks
18. ______________ is the worth of king according to shepherd.
30 29 31 28
19. In ______________ hours king will ride the whole world.
24 22 21 20
20. Jesus Christ was sold among the false Jews in ______________ pence.
20 30 24 29
21. The shepherd went to the court to ______________ him.
Pardon Forgive Fight Quarrel
22. On third answer, king john swear the ______________.
Mass Saint John Saint Bittle God
23. The king offered shepherd to be the ______________.
King Abbot Shepherd Tom
24. Shepherd can neither write no______________.
Memorize Read Learn Study

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“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1 What did King John hear about the Abbot?
Ans. The officials of the King John who rode to fair London town told that Abbot was
leading a pompous and respectable life which was far better than your way of
survival. He had a fully furnished house and he fed/entertained hundred men in
single day. He had servant in score who wore fifty gold chain and waited the Abbot
return in velvets garments.
Q#2 Why did King John turned against him and what did he decide after hearing
about Abbot?
Ans. Because of his envious nature, King John turned against him. He called Abbot
and blamed on him that you are working against my crown and for that fault
you must lost your life and living. Your safety lies only in the condition if you
answer my three questions.
Q#3 What did the Abbot say to the King after having the questions and how
many space did he take for answering?
Ans. The Abbot asserted that these questions are very difficult questions for a person
like me who got a shallow wit. He took three weeks space to King to answer these
questions according to the splendor of the king dignity.
Q#4 What are the three questions and what was the funniest answer of these
questions given by the shepherd? (2009/2010/2011/2015/2016)
Ans. The questions which were asked by the King as follow:
1. What was his (King) exact worth when he was sitting on the thrown and
crown of gold so fair on his head?
2. How soon he may ride the whole world about?
3. What is the king thinking at that time?
The funniest answer which was applied by shepherd as follow.
1. The Jews Christ was sold among the false Jews in thirty pence so your
worth is 29 pence one pence worse than He (J.C)
2. If you ride with the sun and ride with the same so you will consume 24
hours to ride the whole world about.
3. The third answer shepherd gave that you are thinking I am the Abbot
but I am a poor shepherd.
Q#6 What offer did the king give to the shepherd & why did he refuse the offer?
Ans. The King offered to the shepherd that I want to make you the Abbot in place of
the former Abbot but shepherd refused the offer because he didn’t have any
knowledge about reading or writing.
Q#7 Who was the king of England at the time of story and when did he resign?
Ans: King John was the ruler of England at the time story. He ruled the country
from 1199 to 1216 A .D. He was not a good ruler because he ruled with power
and unfair manners.
Q#8 What was an abbot?
Ans: Abbot means bishop. An abbot is the highest official of a local church. As here in this
poem Abbot of Canterbury means the bishop of Canterbury, a county of England.
Q#9 Why was the King John hostile to the Abbot of Canterbury? (2014/2015)
Ans: When the king heard about Abbot of Canterbury that he was leading a life far
superior than him. He felt hostility against him and called him. In his court,
and put the accusation of treason against him.
Q#10 What had the Abbot to do in order to save himself from being beheaded?
Ans: The abbot was asked three questions by the king. He was given a space of three
weeks to answer the questions, and warned that if he failed to give the answers
he would be beheaded.
Q#11 Why, on leaving the court, did he ride to Oxford and Cambridge?
Ans: The questions were obviously very difficult to answer, so the abbot went to the
Oxford & Cambridge universities & to the other intellectuals to find the solutions.
Q#12 What was the shepherd doing when he met him?
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Ans: The shepherd was going to the cattle-house when the abbot went back to his
home and met him.
Q#13 How did the real abbot benefit from his shepherd’s bold tricks? (2017)
Ans: The abbot succeeded in saving his life and got pardon from the king with the
timely help of his shepherd.
Q#14 When he met the shepherd how many days had passed since the King had
given him the three riddles to answer?
Ans: When the abbot met the shepherd he (the abbot) had wasted most of the given
time and only three days were left to give the answers of the questions.
Q#15 What did the shepherd propose to do?
Ans: The shepherd suggested the abbot that he (the shepherd) would go to answer
the dispute because he not only knew the answers of the queries but he also
resemble the abbot so no one in the whole London town would be able to identify
him.
Q#16 In answering the riddle, how did the shepherd justify valuing the king at
twenty nine pence?
Ans: The shepherd told the king that it is said that Jesus Christ was sold among the
Jews for thirty (30) pence.
The value of the king should not be more or equal to the Christ. So he is e
valuated as only one penny less, than his worth will be 29 pence.
Q#17 How did he know the answer to the third riddle?
Ans: The shepherd knew that the king must be under the impression that the Abbot
was answering the question. He used his disguise to the answer of the third
question.
Q#18 How did King John behave on finding out that he had been deceived?
Ans: Unexpectedly, when the king came to know that he was being deceived, he was
greatly amused & showed his joy after every answer to his question
Q#19 What reward did the shepherd receive?
Ans: The shepherd received a reward of a life time pension of four nobles a week.
Q#20 Who was an abbot and why was he victimized?
Ans: An abbot is a clergyman who is in charge of monastery. The king of England
named king John heard about him that he was leading a far better life than he.
That’s why King John felt Jealous and asked three questions to him.
.
Q#21 Why was Abbot charged by the King John?
Ans: King Officials supplied the information about Abbot to the king. They told that
he had great reputation and wealth and was living with great pomp and show.
He kept better house and entertained the hundred men in his house. Thinking
about all these things into the mind he (Abbot) was charged by the king John.
Q#22 How did Abbot prove himself innocent before king?
Ans: The Abbot proved himself innocent by requesting before King John that he had
never spent anything which was not his own but spent my own money which I
earn by the fair means. He further said that you will not punish me for the
same act.
Q#23 Where did he go after receiving his punishment?
Ans: When he heard the punishment, he became very sad and went to the oxford
and Cambridge University and met the learned and the wise men. All the people
failed to answer them and excused to the abbot.
Q#24 How did he come to know about abbot and how did king treat him?
Ans: King officials supplied the information about abbot to the king John that Abbot is
leading a for better life than you. After hearing it, king felt envy and put three hard
questions to him. He alarmed him of he is not able to ask thin questions so he has to
lose his live and life.
Q#25 What are crozier, miter rochet and cope?
Ans: These are all parts of the ceremonial attire of a bishop or abbot. The crosier is a
staff of office like a shepherd’s cloak but often richly ornamented. The miter is a
tall cap. The rochet is gown and the cap is a cloak worn over the rocket.
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LINES FROM THE DESERTED VILLAGE

Introduction of the poet
Oliver Goldsmith was born in Ireland and acquired education from Trinity college but
failed to settle down to any regular professional career. Some great writers like Ben
Johnson and Charles James encouraged him to write then became very popular with the
publication of a long poem traveler and with the popular novel “The Vicar of Wake-field”.
The lines from the deserted village describe his memories about his village.

Introduction of the poem

In this poem Oliver Goldsmith is describing a great contrast between the past and the
present. He describes how people lived their live in calm atmosphere but now people
don’t have time to enjoy it. It occurs due to the industrial revolution.

SUMMARY
The author of this poem is Oliver Goldsmith, who is regarded for his simple and graceful
expression. In this poem he tells about his native land the village of south of England.
The poet memorize his past life which he spent in his village ,poet says they were very
happy with the simple delights of life , they enjoyed good health and the climate of the
village was very pleasant, there were places under bushes where they use to sit and
lovers gossip there and the old talks about the matter of village , there were the covered
cottage the harvested fields and never stopping canal of water and a busy mill , and
every evening they all gather over a place in village and celebrate a small kind
of festival in which they enjoy different kind of programs and discuss the problem of
village , the poet in the last says now the charms of village are vanished
because government imposed very high rate of revenue up on formers and major portion
of their production goes in hands of government in shape of taxes so their
living standard of villagers is going down day by day.

(CENTRAL IDEA)
This poem emphasizes that the importance of a bold peasant cannot be ignored who is
the backbone of the economy of his country. A humble country man living a contented
life does a great goal for his country.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The poem “The Deserted village” is composed by ______________.
Oliver Goldsmith Wordsworth Alfred Tennyson Shelly
2. Oliver Goldsmith was born at ______________.
Ireland Scotland New Zealand England
3. Oliver Goldsmith was born in ______________.
1728 1729 1749 1751
4. Lines from the deserted village was published in ______________.
1774 1772 1770 1769
5. ______________ is the name of the native village of Goldsmith.
Liverpool Leyden Auburn Eton
6. Auburn village is in ______________.
Scot land Holland Canada England
7. In the poem “Lines from the Deserted village” a word swain means ____________.
Rich people Poor people Humble country man
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8. A word talking age means ______________.
Young people Talkative Old people who are fond of talking
9. Where ______________ happiness endeared each scene.
Humble Social Cultural Natural
10. The never failing ______________, the busy mill.
Stream Canal Brook River
11. The bashful ______________ side long looks of love
Maid Virgin Girl Lass
12. These were thy______________, sweet village, sports like these.
Beauty Dullness Charm Joy
13. Where wealth ______________ and men decay.
Altered Accumulate Change Satisfy
14. But a bold ______________, their country’s pride.
Labors Peasantry Works People
15. Oliver Goldsmith was died in ______________.
1728 1770 1774 1780

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1 What was the name of the “Poet Village” & why could he not forget her beauty?
Ans. Auburn was the name of the “Poet’s Village” and he couldn’t forget her beauty
because he spent his childhood and youth in the course of enjoyment in the
same village.
Q#2 How did the villagers enjoy holiday before the village was deserted? (2013)
Ans. The villagers enjoyed their holiday by participating in the various types of game
before the village was deserted. They used to play the game of strength and the
game of tricks under the soothing shade of the tree. While young men was
playing these games, the old men eagerly watched them to rectify them, or to
get fun.
Q#3 Explain in your own words the meaning of the lines. ill fares the land to
hastening, ill a prey when the wealth accumulates & men decay?
Ans. Oliver Gold Smith is expressing his view about the village that all the beauty
of the land turn into the nuisance. He means to say that evil is increasing with the
passage of the time, where the wealth is dominating over the people and the men has
lost their glory which they had.
Q#4 What building was to be seen on the nearly hill?
Ans. The building of the decent church was to be seen on the nearly hill.
Q#5 What is the central Figure of the poem?
Ans. Villagers are the central figure of the poem “Lines from the Deserted
Village”. Basically 18th century was the ripest age of the industrialism. He was
comparing his former age to the 18th century by saying that in the past villagers
were living a peaceful lives in their own way but at that time they are facing the
cudgels of the time due to the increase of industrialism.
Q#6 At what period in his life was the poet familiar with Auburn?
Ans: The poet passed the period of his boyhood & youth in his darling village Auburn.
Q#7 In what kind of country-side was Auburn set?
Ans: Auburn was a beautiful small green village among the hills.
Q#8 Where did the villagers congregate for their rural sports?
Ans: All the villagers assembled under the heavy, spreading tree to be entertained by
their local sports.
Q#9 What happened to the village that Goldsmith had loved?

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Ans: The village had lost its innocence, joy, delight and charms that Goldsmith loved
and admired very much.
Q#10 What, in brief, were Goldsmith’s views on ruin of such a village as
Auburn?
Ans: Goldsmith was very much disheartened and distressed to see the ruins of his
darling and beautiful village, and came to the conclusion that a society, which
becomes plutocratic and materialistic, and runs after wealth, and forgets human
values and welfare, love, sincerity and simple joys of life, will soon degenerate
and fall down and never be able to revive.
Q#11 What is the name of Oliver Goldsmith’s Village and where it is situated?
Ans: Auburn is the name of Oliver Goldsmith’s Village, where he was born; this
village is very much dear to him because he spent his childhood in the same
village. Auburn is situated in Ireland and in the west of Scotland and in the south of
England.
Q#12 What is described by Goldsmith in the poem “Lines from the descried
village”? (2011)
Ans: Goldsmith describes the serene beauty of his village in the poem “Lines from
the descried Village. Firstly, he admires the beauty of sheltered cottages, the
cultivated farm, the ever flowing stream, decent church and the hill which
touches the domes of the church. He discusses the beauty of the games which
were played in the ground without fail. Furthermore, he describes the attitude of
the young and the old people before the industrial revolution secondly, he laments on
the present circumstances when all the beauty is victimized and the people have become
materialistic. They all are running behinds the wealth.
Q#13 Explain a word “Talking age”? What was their behavior towards the
youngsters?
Ans: A word “talking age” refers the old people. They are fond of talking a lot. They
put the vigilant eye at them in the course of play only to tell them about their
mistakes in the life.
Q#14 Briefly explain the lines ill fare the land, to hastening ills a pray, where
the wealth accumulate and men decay? (2015)
Ans: In these lines he (Poet) describes the current scenario of the 1800 century. He
says that country is in the great trouble and all the diseases are increasing
very fast. Where the wealth has value and the him an being is invaluable.
According to him, industrial revolution is the responsible of the entire scenario
where the wealthy people are becoming wealthier while poor have become poorer.
Q#15 Is this poem a criticism on industrial revolution? How?
Ans: Yes, the poem is a severe criticism on the industrial revolution. The poet
describes the beauty of the village in the first half of the poem. In the second
half he laments on the present when all the green fields and the bold
peasantry are victimized. They have become the tops in the hand of the lords.
Q#16: Briefly describe the beauty of Auburn before it was deserted. (2019/2010/2009)
Ans: Auburn was the native village of Augustan Poet, Oliver Goldsmith. Auburn was full
of natural beauty with green meadows, trees and never failing brook. There was a church
as well in the village that topped the neighboring. In Auburn, there was a large tree.
Under that tree, villagers play so many games during their holidays.

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LUCY GRAY
Introduction of the Poet
William Word Worth was born in 1770 at Cocker mouth in Lake District. He was
educated at Hawk shed Grammar School and then at St. John’s College, Cambridge. His
early poems reflect his love for natural beauty, which he expressed in a unique and
artificial style. Some of William’s poems are Lyrical Ballads, Poems in Two Volumes and
An Evening Walk. William Words Worth is also known for his achievements as a critic.

Introduction of the Poem

Poem entitled Lucy Gray was written in 1799 and published in the second edition of
“Lyrical Ballads.” It tells us the story of a simple tragedy in a cold bleak countryside. The
poem has a steady and regular rhythm as a longer lines rhyme together as well as the
shorter lines rhyme with each other. The language of the ballad is plain and simple.
Summary
Lucy Gray was a beautiful little girl who lived in a wild moor with her parents. Their
house was located in the countryside far away from the cities. Nobody neighbored their
house and Lucy lived without having any friends and playmates.
In Western countryside, it is said that if the moon is clearly seen during daylight, a
storm appears in that area. One-day Lucy’s mother went town for shopping in the noon.
After a while, he father realized that the moon can be seen and predicted a storm in few
hours. He quickly told Lucy to take a lantern and go to the town to help her mother.
Lucy obeyed her father and was on her way to the city.
Unfortunately, the storm appeared as soon as Lucy left for the town. It started to snow
thickly that made it difficult for Lucy to see through. As she was wandering in the snowy
atmosphere, she fell in a crevice and died. Her mother somehow returned home at night.
When the little girl did not come back, her parents went out in the snowy mountains
shouting for their daughter, but they never found Lucy. On their way home, they found
footprints on a wooden bridge in the middle. They concluded that perhaps Lucy Gray fell
down and had died.
When we go through the hills, a solitary song is heard in the wind, which echoes in the
mountains. Some people think that she died that day while some say she lives as a part
of nature.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. Lucy Gray was composed by ______________.
William Shakespeare Shelly William words worth Spenser
2. “Lucy Gray” was written in ______________.
1799 1800 1770 1802
3. Lucy Gray was published in ______________.
1799 1800 1770 1802
4. William words worth was born in ______________.
1770 1850 1770 1746
5. William Wordsworth was born at ______________.
Cocker mouth Dublin Sussex Kent
6. Lucy Gray was appeared in the 2 edition of ______________ ballads.
nd

Ironical Critical Lyrical Social

7. “Lucy Gray was the model of ______________.
Obedience Faithfulness Sincerity Locality

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8. Lucy Gray lives in the wide______________.
Village City Moor Hovel
9. Lucy Gray became the victim of ______________.
Earthquake Storm Flood None of them
10. Lucy Gray took the ______________to guide her.
Bulb Stick Lantern Father
11. No mate, no ______________ Lucy knew.
Friend Comrade Companion Cousin
12. You yet may spy the ______________ at play.
Have Deer Fawn Sparrow
13. To-night will be a ______________night.
Misty Stormy Dark Gloomy
14. The minster-clock has just struck ___________-___.
2 3 5 6
15. Not blither is the mountain ______________.
Hare Antelope Roe Deer
16. The______________ came on before it is time.
Storm Flood Earthquake None of them
17. The ______________ parents all that night.
Fortunate Unfortunate Wretched Miserable
18. Yet some ______________ that to this day.
Observe Percept Maintain Keep
19. And sings a ______________ song.
Melancholy Melodious Classical Proc
20. That ______________ in the wind.
Whistle Flow Glideth Stop
21. William Wordsworth was died in ______________.
1872 1850 1851 1852

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1 Why did William Wordsworth say that Lucy Gray” a solitary child?
Ans. William Wordsworth said “Lucy Gray” a solitary child because she lived on the
wild moor. She had no friends and companions to play with. She used to live
along with her parents in the unpopulated area.
Q#2 At what time of the day did William Wordsworth see this view?
Ans. William Wordsworth saw this view at the dawn.
Q#3 Why did William Wordsworth remain ignorant to see the sweet face of
“Lucy Gray”?
Ans. William Wordsworth remained ignorant to see the sweet face of Lucy Gray
because she has become the victim of the storm by drowning into the ditch
from the vacant part of the Wooden Bridge.
Q#5 What did Lucy’s parent do after they saw the foot mark of Lucy in the
snow?
Ans. When the Lucy’s Parent found the foot mark of Lucy’s feet. They started following
them. They tracked the foot marks through the snow then hedge &by the long stone
wall and they crossed an open field and reached the middle of the plank of the bridge
but they lost her foot marks beyond the middle of bridge.
Q#6 What do people think about Lucy Gray? (Important)
Ans. People think about Lucy Gray that she is alive yet and you can see Wild moor.
She sings solitary songs which whistles in the wind but never looks back , this
song can be heard by the distance.

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Q#7 Briefly narrate the tragic story of Lucy Gray. (Important)
Ans: Lucy was a little girl. She lived alone with her parents, on wide moor. Once
when her mother had gone to the market her father saw a full moon in the
afternoon which is the prediction of a storm, according to the local belief. Her
father asked her to go, with a lantern, to take her mother back. She went on
hurriedly. When she was on the way storm came earlier than it was expected.
Lucy lost her way and never reached the town.Her parents searched her whole
night long, but they could never found her. Some people still believe that she is
alive and walks over the moor.
Q#8 Briefly discuss in what ways Lucy Gray resemble the older traditional type of
ballad?
Ans: Lucy Gray is an excellent illustration of typical ballads of Northern England. It
has a heart-touching story. Its language and narration is simple. An emotional
wave continuously flows within the verses. In the last it has a tragic end which is
an essential element of northern ballads. So it is a classical typical northern ballad
telling a tragic story.
Q#9 On what observations did the father predict the storm?
Ans: The father, when he was working in his field, saw a full moon in the sky, & it
was 2 o’clock in the afternoon so he, according to the local belief, predicted the
storm.
Q#10 Where and with whom did Lucy live?
Ans: Lucy lived with her parents in wide green mountainous valley. She was the only
child of her parents, she had no neighborhood. Even though, she has no friend
and no companion to play with.
Q#11 Why and where had she been going when the storm came?
Ans: Her father asked her to go to take her mother back home from the nearby town.
So she had been going there when the storm came.
Q#12 What do the people say about her, even today?
Ans: People of that area still believe that she has not died. But she is a living child,
even today.
Q#13 Who was Lucy Gray and how did she look like?
Ans: Lucy Gray was mere child of her child, a model of obedience, loyalty and
faithfulness she was caught in the storm and died. Lucy Gray looked like a
fawn at play and hare spying in the green field with joy.
Q#14 Did Lucy Gray prove her an obedient child?
Ans: Once upon a time, Lucy mother went to the town as it was the stormy night
that’s why her father commanded her to take a lantern and brought your
mother back to the cottage. He accepted the ordered but unfortunately the
storm came before the expected time and gulped her. By showing this conduct,
she proved her an obedient child.
Q#15 Why could Lucy gray not reach the town?
Ans: Lucy Gray, the model of obedience, could not reach the town because the storm
came before its expected time. She wandered up and down on the hills and at
last she lost her way and drowned into the ditch that’s why she could not reach
the town.
Q#16 How did the parents come to know about the death of Lucy gray? (2011)
Ans: In the beginning, they thought that they lost Lucy Gray. Suddenly, her mother
found the food marks of Lucy in the snow; they followed them through the
broken hawthorn edge and by the long stone wall, and crossed an open field and
saw the same foot marks. In the last, they reached the Wooden bridge which was
broken in the middle. They made up their mind, that she was drowned by this
space. By this way, she came to know about Lucy death.

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SONNET COMPOSED
UPON WESTMINSTER BRIDGE
Introduction of the Poet
William Word Worth was born in 1770 at Cocker mouth in Lake District. He was
educated at Hawk shed Grammar School and then at St. John’s College, Cambridge. His
early poems reflect his love for natural beauty, which he expressed in a unique and
artificial style. Some of William’s poems are Lyrical Ballads, Poems in Two Volumes and
An Evening Walk. William Words Worth is also known for his achievements as a critic.
He was a great sonnet writer after Shakespeare.

Introduction of the Poem

William Wordsworth composed this poem on 3rd of September, 1802. He used to take
long tours on feet and try to pen-craft what he saw. In this poem, he is describing the
beauty of the London city at dawn.

Summary
This wonderful poem is written by William Wordsworth , in this poem he describe the
morning beauty of the city once poet early in the morning went to Westminster bridge
from there he observed the beauty of city ,it was early in the morning so the sun was
rising up with its own beauty, the opening rays of sun were peeping out and touching
the hills and valleys, the whole city appeared to be wrapped in white dim light .the ships,
boats all were on the bank of the river so there has no disturbance in the river and was
no pollution in environment and were no clouds on the sky. It was looking that not only
people but even the houses of the city were sleeping because there was no voice or
disturbance in any direction the whole city was absorbed in complete silence it was a
charming season of nature.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. Sonnet composed upon the Westminster Bridge is written by ____________.
Shelly Shakespeare John Keats William Wordsworth
2. Sonnet composed upon the Westminster Bridge is published in ____________.
Sep. 3,1802 Sep. 4, 1802 Sep. 1, 1802 July 1, 1802
3. The form of sonnet came from Italy in ____________.
1600 1800 1500 1700
4. The first part of the sonnet is called____________.
Sestet Octave Decade Hexane
5. The 2 put of the sonnet is called____________.
nd

Sestet Octave Decade Hexane

6. Sonnet is the poem of ____________ lines.
14 15 16 18
7. ____________ has not anything to show more fair.
World Earth Sky God
8. ____________ would he be of soul who could pass by.
Dull Stiff Bright
9. This city more doth, like a____________ wear.
Garment Apparel Coat Gown
10. Ships, towers, domes, theaters, and ____________lie.
Church Temple Houses Cottages

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11. All bright and ____________ in the smokeless air.
Twinkling Glittering Shinning None of them
12. Never did sun more beautiful ____________.
Steep Stiff Shine None of them
13. The ____________ glideth at his own sweet will.
Sea River Ocean Lake
14. And all that ____________ is laying still.
Capital Mighty heart London None of them
15. ____________river is flowed below the Westminster Bridge.
Ohio Mississippi Thames Ravi

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1 What scene does William Wordsworth describe in this poem?
Ans. William Wordsworth describes the beautiful scene of London at dawn. He asserts
that London was giving the view of fairy land. There was complete silence and all
buildings were glittering in the smokeless air. The river Thames was flowing smoothly
& the inhabitants of the city were enjoying their slumbering deep.
Q#2 What the message does William Wordsworth want to convey in this poem?
Ans. William Wordsworth wants to convey that the beauty of London is presenting
the most beautiful silence. The city wears the beauty of the morning just like
garments and looks as the most beautiful scene on the earth.
Q#3 What is a sonnet? What inspired Wordsworth to write ‘Sonnet composed upon
Westminster Bridge.’? (2014/2017)
Ans: Sonnet is a type of English poem which was first originated in Italy. A sonnet contains
sixteen lines which are broken down into two stanzas. The first stanza which contains 8 lines is
called an octave which the 2nd stanza which contains 6 lines is called a sestet. Every line contains
ten syllables which are in iambic pentameter.
The poet was very much inspired by the beautiful scenes of the morning at the
Westminster Bridge.
Q#4 At what time of the day did he see this view?
Ans: The poet saw the attractive views early in the morning when the sun made the
whole city of London dazzling and bright.
Q#5 What new thoughts come into the poem with ninth line?
Ans: With the 9TH line new thoughts of beauty, gloss & greatness come in to the poem.
Q#6 What quality in the scene appears to have impressed Wordsworth most,
when he came to write the last four lines?
Ans: The cool, calm, silent, soothing and decent atmosphere of the morning
impressed Wordsworth most when he came to compose last four lines.
Q# 7 Whose soul is dull, according to William Wordsworth?
Ans: According to William Wordsworth a person who is never impressed by the beauty of
the morning or one who neither admires nor appreciates these charming scenes of
London city is a person whose soul is dull & whose heart is stone- cold.
Q#8 Who was William words worth and what he describes in the poem “Sonnet
composed upon the west mister bridge”?
Ans: William words worth was the great poet of the Romanticism and he was the priest &
the prophet of nature. “William words worth expresses the serene beauty of the London
in the morning. He describes that the industrial city is free from pollution, all the building
towers, temples & ship was glittering & the complete silence prevail everywhere. He was
very much impresses by viewing this beautiful scene of London
Q#9 Explain their lines into your own words. “Earth has not anything to show move
fair Dull would he be of soul who could pair by a sight so touching in his majesty”?
Ans: In these lines William words worth pen crafts the picture of London city and his
people, who are the late sleepers. William worth is addressing the people to wake
up early in the morning and enjoy the beauty. William words worth seems to be
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much impressed to see the beauty of London city from the Westminster Bridge.
He says that London is the most beautiful city of the world. He examines that a
person who has a little aesthetic sense, could not pass without being impressed by
the beauty of scene. A person who ignores such a wonderful scene must be a person of
dull soul.
Q#10 What does the phrase “In the Smokeless Air” mean?
Ans: The phrase “In the Smokeless Air” means that the air/atmosphere is free from
pollution because it is early in the morning & the industries were not working.
Q#11 Why does word worth feel “calm so deep”?
Ans: London is considered to be a hub of industries where the panic prevails every
time / any time. One morning words worth watched the city of London from the
Westminster Bridge. There was a complete silence.
Q#12 What impression does William Wordsworth convey in the beautiful closing
lines of the sonnet?
Ans: William words worth was surprised to see the London over the Westminster
Bridge. He addresses the God that the houses seem to be asleep and the capital
city of London is lying silent early in the morning.

LINES FROM LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL

Introduction of the poet
Sir Walter Scott was born in Edinburg. He was a great novelist too. As a young man, he
was keenly interested in Scottish traditions and history and paid particular attention to
the tradition and folk literature of the border country. He had deep / profound love for
Scottish people and composed many poems in their admiration.

Introduction of the poem

The lines from the lay of last minstrel tell stirringly a romantic story of a border country.
This poem shows the great anger of the poet on those who spend their live in foreign
country. According to him, a person who spends his life in the foreign country has lost a
great penalty and he will doubly die before people. For him, no one will cry, no one will
admire and no one will sing him.

Summary
This patriotic poem is written by Sir Walter Scott. In this poem poet shows his precocity
to his motherland.
The poet says there can not be a single man in this world who does not love his
motherland, its impossible to imagine about such a man on the earth. The poet says that
its impossible that one goes abroad wonder over there and when comes back to his
mother land and does not feel any pleasure. a person who does not love his country is
complete traitor and does not deserve any sympathy, he may have fame or countless
wealth but he will not be respected by people and will become all alone. All his name and
fame will be ruined before him .he will die tow times once when he will have no one near
to him and second is physical death and will have no one to morn in his death and pray
for his soul he will be buried without tears and respect . This poem emphasize that
patriotism is virtue of man.

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“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. ____________ composed the poem “Lines from the lay of the last Minstrel”.
Sir Henry Wotton Sir Walter Scott Shelly Keats
2. The poem “lines from the lay of the last Minstrel” preaches ____________ .
Patriotism Socialism Communism Capitalism
3. Sir Walter Scott was born in ____________ .
1778 1777 1771 1770
4. Shore means ____________.
Shore Airport Centre None of them
5. Sir Walter Scott was born at ____________.
Eden Burg Kent Sussex Essex
6. From wandering to the foreign ____________.
Shore Lost Border Strand
7. For him no ____________ rapture swells.
One Minstrel Singer None of them
8. The ____________ consented all in self.
Fortunate Unfortunate Wretch Fool
9. Living shall ____________ fair renown.
Forfeit Deceit Deceive Deceive
10. And ____________ dying, shall go down.
Fortunate Doubly Unfortunate
11. Unwept, unhonored and ____________.
Unsung Unknown Undo
12. Pelf means ____________.
Money Furniture Title Pride
13. Sir Walter Scott was died in ____________.
1771 1773 1832 1833

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1 What is a Minstrel and what is he preaching in the poem?
Ans. The poet singer who sings to entertain the people on various places is called
“Minstrel” and he is preaching the strong emotions of patriotism.

Q#2 What sort of spirit does Sir Walter want to infuse and why?
Ans. Sir Walter wants to infuse the spirit of patriotism because love for the country
has supreme value. So, it is our duty to love his country and lift the nation to
the sky through hard work.
“Not gold but a man can make a nation strong” (Ralph Waldo Emerson)

Q#3 Who goes to the dust unwept, unhonored and unsung?

Ans. The man who has little love for nation goes to the dust unwept, unhonored
and unsung in-spite of his tittle, power and fame because all these pumps
concentered his own wills. That’s why he will lose the penalty and no one pay
tribute, no one will remind and no one will mourn over his death.
Q#4 What is meant by “doubly dying”?
Ans. “Doubly dying” is a word uses for the person who leads his life only to satisfy
his wills. He will get death twice. First he will die in a casual way and secondly
his fame will bury along with his funeral.

Q#5 What is the chief sentiment behind the poem?

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Ans: The poem has a noble and sublime thought of patriotism in between its verses,
that is the nobility and worth of a person lies in his love and respect for his
homeland.

Q#6 What penalties does the minstrel foresee for the man who has no love for
his native land? (2012/2013/2014/2016/2017/2018)
Ans: According to the poet a person who never loves his native place is actually a
selfish and self-interested person. So for this reason he will face the music. He
will never be accepted and respected by any of his compatriots, even.

Q#7 What is the moral of the story? (2011)

Ans: A person who has no love and his country, his mother land, may have a high
office in the society, but is not loved or respected after his death.

Q#8 Who was Minstrel and what means by the minstrel rapture swell?
Ans: A minstrel was a travelling singer or poet cum singer who sang or rioted either as
a wandering entertainer or a regular member of a nobleman is house hold and the
“Minstrel rapture swell” refers to the rapturous composition which makes a noble
sound for the people who does something special for the country or for the great
patriot.

Q#9 What is meant by doubly dying & why a person faces these consequents?
Ans: Doubly dying means two deaths. Firstly, he will receive his natural death.
Secondly, he will die in the heart of the people. It means that his fame will
destroy forever in the heart of the people. The person faces this consequence
because he remained self centered character and did all the things to satisfy
his own stator.

Q#10 Who goes to the dust unwept, unhounound and unsung?

Ans: A person who has no love to his country goes to the dust unwept, unhonored
and unsung. He faces this consequences because in the course of getting social
status tittles, wealth and name, he’s they its centre entirely on his own selfish
interest. He totally enjoy his country and no praise/ admiration to them.

"ABOU BEN ADHEM"

Introduction of the Poet
James Henry Leigh Hunt was born in 1784. He was a religious man educated at Christ
Hospital. He then became the editor and writer of a newspaper called The Examiner. His
early poems are The Story of Remini and Endymion. The earliest poems he wrote were
published when he was in school. In English Literature, Leigh Hunt is known for his
achievements as an editor, a critic and an essayist and not so much as a poet.

Introduction of the Poem

Abou Ben Adhem is a poem with a religious concept. The poet has conveyed the ideas of
happiness, peace and love through easy and flowing rhymed couplets.
“Love is in your heart which is given by God, so give it to others.”
_____________________________________________________________________ John Keats
The poem consists of 2 stanzas, which are composed of 11 lines. It also has some
archaic words.

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Summary
Abou Ben Adhem was a religious person. One night when he was sleeping peacefully in
his room, a sparkling light woke him up. He found out that this bright light was due to
the presence of an angel who was writing something in a golden book. Being a pious
man, Abou was not afraid of the Angel and the silence in the room made him more
courageous. He asked the angel what he was writing in the book. The reply Abou heard
was that he was writing the names of all those people who love God. Abou asked the
angel curiously if his name was in the list. The angel replied was negative. He then
politely requested the angel to write his name as those people who love God’s fellow men.
The angle wrote and disappeared. The other night, it came again with a still glistening
light and displayed the names of people whom God had blessed. Abou Ben Adhem saw
that his name was on the top of the list and it led all the rest.

Moral
This poem conducts the idea that we should love humanity and care for people.
“To get love from God, love the board.”

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The poem “Abou Ben Adhem” is composed by ____________.
Leigh Hunt Sir Henry Wotton Walter Scott Thomas Campion
2. The poem Abou Ben Adhem is ____________ poem.
Romantic Religious Supernatural None of them
3. Abou Ben Adhem was born at ____________.
London America Sussex Essex
4. Abou Ben Adhem was the son of ____________.
Lawyer Farmer Clergyman Teacher
5. Abou Ben Adhem saw ____________ in his room.
Angle Lilly Moon Stars
6. Abou Ben was the Editor of ____________ newspaper.
Examiner Dawn Times News
7. Abou Ben Adhem criticized on ____________ in his weekly newspaper.
Prince Regent Prince Edward Henry James
8. Abou Ben Adhem was born in ____________.
1784 1795 1821 1822
9. Making it rich and like a ____________ in bloom.
Lily Jasmine Violet Rose
10. An angle was writing in the book of ____________.
Silver Allah Gold
11. Abou Ben Adhem love his ____________.
God Fellow men Companion
12. Leigh hunt was died in ____________.
1859 1860 1850 1855

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“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1 Explain briefly and simply how Abou Ben Adhem demonstrated his love of
God?

Ans: Abou Ben Adhem, a very ascetic man, expressed his love to God by expressing
his love to mankind. He loved his fellow-beings to love God you need to love
your fellow men first.

Q#2 What was the angel doing at first night in the room of Ben Adhem?

Ans: When Ben Adhem awoke first night from a deep dream of peace he saw an
angel in his room, and writing some thing in a book of gold.

Q#3 What did Ben Adhem request to the angel?

Ans: He asked the angel to write his name as one who loves his fellow-men

Q#4 Why was the name of Ben Adhem on the top of the last list, showed by the
angel? (2012/2018)

Ans: The last list contained the names of those people whom had blessed His love
and affection. In that list the name of Abou Ben Adhem was on the top of the
list, because he loved his fellowmen, most, that’s why God loves him most.

Q# 5 What is the message of the poem?

Ans: The poet tries to convey the idea to us that a man can not have the love of God
unless he does not love his fellowmen. It means to love our lord we should love
our fellow being first, because what counts most in our lives is what we serve
for others.
Only a life lived in the service to others is worth living. (Albert Einstein)

Q#6 What is the motive behind the poem “Abou Ben Adhem”?

Ans: This poem possesses the great message. The poet tells that the best way to
show our love God is to his creature. Because God loves these who love their
fellow men.

INCIDENT OF FRENCH CAMP

Introduction of the Poet
The poem The Incident of French Camp is composed by great English poet Robert
browning. The browning was extremely religious and because of his religious opinions,
he was excluded from university or public school. He was educated at home under a
private tutor, and spends his modest time in gathering the best literature in English,
French, Latin and Greek.

Introduction of the Poem

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This is subjective poem; the incident reported in this dramatic poem happened in 1809.
The poem for all its weaknesses is fast moving and exciting, the poem consisting of 35
lines of regular rhythm.

Summary
In this poem, Browning paints the picture of an incident of the French Camp, in
dramatic version. He describes the heroic action of a wounded soldier, who’s heroic
devotion to duty and his pride in it and inspiring and worthy of admiration. The poet has
given a poetic amount of incidence that took place during the attack of French army on
German City Ratisbon.
During the attack of French army on Ratisbon, Napoleon was much worried about the
result. Germans were defending Ratisbon with great determination and coverage.
Napoleon’s future plan depends upon the result. Napoleon was not able to conquer
Germany and neighboring states. He was standing on mound near the battlefield
watching the war.
All of sudden a rider appeared from the closed smoke and dust. Full galloping he
approached near the mound where Napoleon was standing. As the came closer Napoleon
notice that he was a young boy seriously wounded and not far from his death. As he
came near he jumped of the horse and gave happy news of victory. He exclaimed with joy
that French had conquered the Ratisbon and he himself has hoisted the flag of France
on German city with a little touch of pride in lie tone he informed Napoleon that he has
played an important role in the victory at the risk of his life. Actually he expected some
words of appreciation from his Emperor.
“A work of real merit wants favor at last.”

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. “The poem incident of a French camp” is composed by______________.
Robert Browning Tennyson Shelly Patmore
2. Napoleon was the emperor of ______________.
France Germany Italy England
3. Ratisbon is in ______________.
Russia France Germany America
4. The modern name of Ratisbon is ______________.
Regensburg Rajasthan Russia Ruratania
5. Napoleon was standing on the little ______________.
Rock Mound Hill Mountain
6. The rider came on the ______________ back.
Donkey Horse Camel Name of them
7. The rider kept his ______________compressed.
Legs Lips Forehead Arms
8. ______________birds is talked in the poem.
Sparrow Eagle Vulture Cuckoo

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9. Robert browning was born in ______________.
1813 1812 1814 1851
10. The rider did not draw the ______________ until he reached the mound.
Bridle Saddle Harness Whip
11. Horse’s mane means ______________.
Fur Short hair of horse Human being None of them
12. Robert browning was died in ______________.
1889 1890 1899 1900

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1 Where is Ratisbon? And what its modern name?
Ans. Ratisbon is in Bavario, Germany and its modern name is Regensburg.

Q#2 Where was Napoleon standing and what was he thinking?

Ans. Napoleon was standing on a little mound and two possibilities were revolving in
his mind. Napoleon was thinking about the fulfillment of the plan, only in the
condition when his army leader reached at the highest place otherwise his plan
would fail.

Q#3 Who come on the horse and why did he keep his lip’s compressed?
Ans. A young rider comes on the horse back in full galloping. He kept his lips
compressed together because was wounded from the chest, and he scared if he
would lose lips tightness so the blood will come through his mouth.

Q#4 Explain lines “The chief’s eye flashed, but presently softened itself, as
sheathes?
Ans. These lines shows the manifestation of joy and the mind emotions of the
Napoleon eyes flashed because his plan had succeeded but he became soft
when he saw wounded soldier.

Q#5 Why was then a smile on the face of rider?

Ans. There was a smile on the rider’s face because he did his duty bravely and he
got himself satisfy from what his commander ordered him.

Q#6 Explain briefly, the film of eagle’s eye?

Ans. Every creature loves his younger. The same case is also applicable on the
eagle’s eye. When an eagled takes it’s tranced breath in front of its mother
eagle. So, it is not tolerable for her. The same condition is hurled over Napoleon
at the time of soldier’s death.

Q#7 What is the central Idea of the poem?

Ans. The brave soldiers are ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of his country but
they will remember in the hearts forever. “Martyrs, never dies.”
Q#8 What was Napoleon doing when his troops stormed Ratisbon?
Ans: When the French troops stormed Ratisbon the leader of the forces, Napoleon,
was standing on a little mound. He was very much distressed and disheartened
fearing lest he should fail in getting his targets.

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Q#9 What kind of person brought him the news that the assault had been
successful?
Ans: A very young soldier of Napoleon’s army brought him the news of their
successful attack.

Q#10 Why did the boy hold on to his horse’s mane and keep his lips compressed,
when he stood near Napoleon?
Ans The young boy who brought the news of successful assault was dangerously
injured and continuous bleeding made him feeble that’s why he was holding the
mane of the horse. Still he did not want to show his weakness to his master. So
he was compressing his lips to tolerate the pain and ceasing the blood to flow
from the mouth.

Q#11 Why did the boy contradict Napoleon’s words,” You are wounded”?
Ans: The boy was although badly wounded but still he did not wish to reveal his
fragility to his commander so he contradicted the true reality, “You are wounded.”

Q#12 What metaphors did the poet use in the 2nd last stanza of the poem?
Ans: The poet metaphorically called Napoleon an eagle and the young boy, an eaglet, in
the fourth stanza.

Q#13 Who was Napoleon and what was he thinking about?

Ans: Napoleon was the emperor of France. Napoleon was thinking about the position of
the now, planning and the his failure. He was thinking that of his army leader
Lanes might waver the boundary wall of the enemies, his plan would fail.
Q#14 What happened when Napoleon was standing on the mound?
Ans: Napoleon was standing on the mound and was engaged in the deep thinking. He
saw a horse rider who came to him and stood himself erect by taking the support
of the horse man. Them he opened the good news of victory to him.
Q#15 How did he open the news of victory before Napoleon?
Ans: The rider was basically the soldier and they are known for their discipline. He
reached near Napoleon and stood himself great before Napoleon with the support
of horse’s mane. Even though he was wounded, he didn’t show his injury before
him and told him that his army has captured the city of Ratisbon and our flag
was waving on the high position.
Q#16 Why was the rider happy after delivering the message?
Ans: The rider was happy after delivering the message because he was satisfied to
himself and his duty. He had planted the flag and made Napoleon aware about
the news of victory.
Q#17 What did the rider tell him about the position of the war? (2016)
Ans: The rider came on the sores back at full galloped and told the emperor that by
the grace of god. We have conquered Ratisban and our Marshall is in the market
place and you will be visited there in no time to see your flag waving on the elevated
position.
Q#18 How did the young soldier show his love for his country? (2019/2014/2013)
Ans: The day when the French army stormed Ratisbon. The French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was
standing on a mound and waiting for the outcome of the battle. He saw a rider full galloping coming near
to him. He was Napoleon’s solder and brought the news of victory of French over Germans. Napoleon was
pleased to listen this news but when he saw the soldier again he observed that he was badly injured and
shot in two. He came all through the city gate to the mound just for giving the news to his immense. This
incident shows the immense love of the soldier for his country.

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"THE TOYS"
Introduction of the Poet
The Toys in one of the beautiful poems composed by Conventry Patmore. Conventry
Patmore was born in London in 1823. He had a religious bend of mind deeply associated
with the everyday happenings of life. His publications are The Angel in the House and
The Unknown Eros and Other Odes. Patmore died in 1896.

Introduction of the Poem

The poem conveys the idea of mercy of God through an incident in the Poet’s house. The
verses of this poem are different from other poems. The lines are uneven and are rhymed
in an irregular manner.

Summary
One night, the poet scolded his son for disobeying orders and talking in loud voice. The
child went quietly to his bedroom with a gloomy heart. After some time, the poet realized
that he had made a mistake, as his son was lonely and his mother had died. No one was
there to cheer him up.
The poet, went into his son’s bedroom thinking that his child must be weeping and
trying to sleep. But when he entered the room, he saw the boy calmly sleeping in bed.
The poet noticed marks of tears on his cheeks. He also saw some toys neatly arranged on
a table besides his son, which were kept to comfort the sad heart. The sight of the room
was very uncomfortable for the poet. He felt sorry for his attitude and learning the
importance of toys for the child.
The poet was inspired by the whole incident. He kissed his son and cleared the tears in
his eyes. He understood that God loves his fellowmen more than a father loves his son.
Then why should not God forgive the people who commit mistakes. He also realized that
as the toys were of no importance to him, this world has no worth before God. We only
console our hearts by the beauty of this world. This thought gave the poet a New Hope.
He prayed all night with the feeling that God is merciful and would forgive him.

Moral
We should forgive the mistakes of people and live with a friendly atmosphere. God is
merciful on us & he forgives those people who forgive the mistakes of human beings.
“Let me be a little kindness, let me be a little blinder to the faults of those around
me.”

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The poem “The Toys” is composed by ______________.
Shelly William words worth Coventry Patmore Robert Browning
2. Coventry Patmore was ______________ man.
Romantic Religious Social Cultural
3. The son of Coventry Patmore disobeyed his law ______________times.
Ten Five Six Seven
4. The ______________ of the Patmore’s son was died.
Brother Sister Mother Father
5. The son of Patmore comforted him by ______________.
Toys T.V Books Magazines
6. Coventry Patmore visited the ______________ of his son.
Garden College School Bedroom
7. Coventry Patmore was born is ______________.
1823 1817 1827 1822

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8. The wife of Coventry Patmore was ______________woman.
Cruel Patient Quarrelsome Insane
9. The son of Patmore behaves like by ______________.
Infant Child Old Grown up wise
10. The son of Patmore arranged ______________ copper coins.
2 3 5 4
11. The hast molded from ______________.
Clay Sand Fire Air
12. Coventry Patmore was died in ______________.
1896 1899 1890 1880

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1 How did the son of Coventry Patmore usually behave?
Ans. The son of Coventry Patmore usually behaved in a route way. He acted and spoke
just like the mature people.
Q#2 Why did poet visit his bedroom and how did he find there? (2012)
Ans. The poet visited his bedroom only to inquire that the grief would hinder him from
sleeping but he found him slumbering deep. His eye lids wet dark and his eye
lashes wet still wet dues to late sobbing.
Q#3 What toys did he decorate on the table and why?
Ans. The poet’s son put within his reach a box of counters, a red veined stone a piece of
abraded glass, six and seven shells, a bottle of blue bells and two French copper
coins on the table. He put the toys only to satisfy/console his sad heart because of
the behaviour of his father.
Q#4 Briefly explain what religious idea Coventry Patmore drew from the incident
described in The Toys. (2014/2015/2018)
Ans: The poet concluded the poem with the idea of logical possibility of the
forgiveness of God. He drew this religious idea from the experience of his personal
domestic life, when his son not only disobeyed him but disrespectfully spoke to him.
He punished his child, and after some while forgave him. So he thinks that God might
forgive our mistakes, because He loves us more than a father loves his children.
Q#5 Why did the poet punish his little son?
Ans: The poet punished his little child because his child misbehaved him and spoke to
him disrespectfully after having disobeyed his command seven times. The poet could
not control himself and not only scolded his child but also struck him and sent him away
from his room harshly.
Q#6 How did the little child get himself consoled?
Ans: The child after being punished by his father started crying and went to his room.
There he consoled his sad heart by playing his little toys. He had a box of counter, a
colored stone, a bottle with blue bell, an abraded piece glass and two French copper
coins. He placed them in an order, and got some consolation by arranging them.
Q#7 What pray did the poet ask to God at night?
Ans: When at night the poet prayed to God he asked Him in the prayer that we all
human being are fallible and always disobey the good and the beneficial
commands of God, and always busy in getting pleasure from our so called worldly
toys. But still he is hopeful that may God will leave His anger, on the Day of Judgment, and
forgive our all mistakes, because He loves us more than a father loves his children.
Q#8 What did the child do and what behaviour was received by him?
Ans: The child of Coventry Patmore disobeyed his la seven time that’s he received the
punishment to his father. His father (the poet) struck him, scolded him and sent
him away unkissed.

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Q#9 Why did the father (poet) visit the bedroom of his son?
Ans: the father visited the bedroom of his son because he feared that the child’s grief
would hinder him from sleep.
Q#10 What did the poet find in the room of his child?
Ans: When the poet entered in the room of his child he found him fast asleep. He saw
that the lashes are wet yet and the eyelids are darkened due to the moaning. He
further saw that the table was lying beside the beside and the toys are decorated
on it skillfully.
Q#11 What did the son of the poet do after his father punished him?
Ans: The son of the poet felt much grief due to the attitude of his father towards him
while his mother was not the part of this world. He locked him in the room and
draw a table by his bed and put the toys within his reach to satisfy his heart,
the toys included the box of counter, red veined stone , a piece of rubbed glass,
Dly, or seven shells, a bottle with blue bills, & two copper coins.

I had reached your door steps

Q1: What is the theme of the poem I had reached your door steps? (2018/2017)
Ans: TheMessage of this poem is that "Don't blindly follow the people,
better to read the scripture revealed by the God as it is the only source to
worldly and hereafter success."

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ENGLISH
XI

Compiled By: Engineer Nasim Zulfiqar

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PAKISTAN ZINDABAD
Introduction
Part-1
This article, falling into two parts, speaks of the birth of Quaid-e-Azam. Part-1 recounts
the father of the nation, Quaid-e-Azam, arrival in Karachi. It tells us the great leader’s
feelings on the occasion of joy after achieving his goal.

Part-2
Part-2 describes the year 1933, when Chaudary Rehmat Ali coined the word Pakistan as
a name of a Muslim state to be carved out in this sub-continent. This idea was adopted
by the Muslim League in march, 1940. The Quaid-e-Azam then declared “No power on
earth can prevent Pakistan”. He met stiff opposition from the Hindus. To counter it he
founded the well known English newspaper Dawn. Even some Muslim were against him
and a Khaksar attacked him with a knife. The Quaid-e-Azam survived and struck to his
guns. Even Gandhi-Jinnah talks failed. Finally, Britain decided at the end of this second
world war to quit on 15th August, 1947, and hand over her powers to the two new states.
This was a great victory for Quaid-e-Azam. Terrible time was followed at the time of
patrician when half a million Muslims were killed or carried away for prisoners. Five and
half million Hindus left Pakistan while six and half million Muslims migrated here. The
last year of Quaid-e-Azam’s life was made terrible due to the fate of Kashmir.

Summary
Part-1
On 7th August, 1947 a vast crowd had gathered at the Maripur Airport, Karachi to
welcome the founder of the nation. Quaid-eAzam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He arrived
there as the first Governor General of their new state Pakistan. As soon as he appeared
before them, they cried out with one voice, Pakistan Zindabad.
From the airport the Quaid-e-Azam drove to the city through their unceasing shouts of
joy. But he kept quite calm and betrayed no emotions. Perhaps his thoughts were with
numerous persons who were being killed in their effort to reach their new homeland. It
was only on Independence Day that he went to the balcony and smiled for a few
moments at the cheering crowd. The people then saw how warmhearted he really was.
Though tired, the Quaid-e-Azam had the satisfaction that he had done the major part of
the work. Indian Muslims were a small defeated group. But under his leadership. They
had become the fifth largest Muslim state of the modern times.
A few days later, the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared that every one is
allowed to live according to their religion in the state of Pakistan.

Part-2
The word Pakistan was invented by Chaudary Rehmat Ali, in 1933. Its initials are taken
from various parts of Muslim areas like P for The Punjab, K for Kashmir, and it denotes
the land of the people who are spiritually pure and clean.
In 1940, they passed a Pakistan Resolution, which was the great landmark in the history
of Muslims. It decided that Muslim and Hindus are separate nations and they should be
divided in no time.
The Quaid-e-Azam made the people aware by visiting and publishing a newspaper which
he called Dawn. Muslims welcomed the newspaper of his own. After that Quaid-e-Azam
and Gandhi met for the last time to reach an agreement but all went vain. Britain
declared that she would give India self government and leaving the India by 15 th of
August, 1947. They should decide in no time either they want to join Pakistan or India.
The N.W.F.P, Balochistan, Sindh, The West Punjab and the West Bengal voted for
Pakistan which had seventy million persons. Forty million Muslims were left in India. At
last Pakistan and India came into being as two separate states.
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Pakistan’s first year was terrible. Half million Indian Muslims were either killed or taken
prisoner. Six and half million Muslims had to leave their homes and came to Pakistan as
refugees from India atrocities. The Quaid-e-Azam was shocked at the killing and
destruction. Despite this he extended his hand of friendship towards India saying that
one who is an enemy of today may very well become a friend tomorrow.
The Quaid-e-Azam was now old, ill and tired. But the last year of his life made him very
sad when he learnt that the Hindu Maharaja of Kashmir had made over the state of
India against the wishes of its Muslim inhabitants who wanted to belong to Pakistan.
But the great leader was took weak struggle for a just solution of the Kashmir issue. He
was away from Karachi but flew back to it and died ther. He was buried into the heart of
the city.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. “Pakistan Zindabad” is written by ____________.
John Milton John Walton John Brown John Rockefeller

2. A shining, silver aircraft circled over the airport at ____________.

Mauripur Malir Drig Road Korangi

3. ____________was the first Governor General of Pakistan.

Liaquat Ali Khan Quaid-e-Azam Ghulam Muhammad Lord Mountbatten
Muhammad Ali
Jinnah

4. The Muslims who tried to reach their new homeland, were attacked and killed on
the roads and ____________.
Railways Airport Seaports Forests

5. A small defeated group of the Muslim had become the__________ largest nation in
the world.
Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh

6. The Pakistan resolution was passed on ____________.

21st March 1940 22nd March 1940 23rd March 1940 24th March 1940

7. The name Pakistan was invented in ____________.

1933 1934 1935 1936

8. The word Pakistan was invented by ____________.

Choudhary Khaliq- Choudhary Rahmat Ghulam Muhammad Khawaja Nazim-ud-
uz-Zaman Ali din

9. Choudhary Rahmat Ali was then a ____________ student.

Cambridge Harvard Moscow Turk

10. The Quaid-e-Azam founded a newspaper called____________.

News Dawn Muslim Jews

11. Lord Mountbatten become the last Viceroy of India in ____________.

February 1947 March 1947 April 1947 June 1947

12. ____________ Muslims were leaving Pakistan.

Four and half Five and a half Six and a half Seven and a half
million million million million

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“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1: Who named our country Pakistan?
Ans: Choudhury Rahmat Ali, a Cambridge student, coined the name of Pakistan in
1933, in a pamphlet, named, “Now or Never.” He passed his life fighting for the
same idea.

Q# 2: How many people crossed the borders at the time of partition?

Ans: When the sub-continent was partitioned in to Pakistan and India, and people
got freedom to choose the part of land to live on, they immediately travelled to
cross the borders of newly made countries. Six and half millions Muslims left
India and five and half million Hindus left Pakistan.

Q#3: How was the acronym of Pakistan made?

Ans: Choudhury Rahmat Ali wrote in his pamphlet, “Now or never”, that Pakistan is a
word of Urdu and Persian languages. Pak (Urdu) means “pure and clean”, and
stan (Persian) means “land/place”. So Pakistan means Land of pure and clean people. It
is composed of the letters taken from the different homelands of Muslims (Asian and
Indian). It means that Punjab, Afghania (NWFP), Kashmir, Iran, Sindh (inc. Kuch and
Kathiwar), Tukharistan and Balochistan.

Q#4: Who was the first Governor General of Pakistan?

Ansr: Quaid-e-Azam was made the first Governor General of Pakistan, in reward of
his struggle and because of his wise leadership throughout the Pakistan
movement.

Q#5: Who was the last Viceroy of India?

Ans: In the crucial period of Indian history and at the time of final settlement of
Hindu-Muslim dispute Lord Mount Batten was sent to the Sub-continent, as
the last Viceroy of India to find out the best way to hand over the government to
Muslims and Hindus.
Q#6: When and where was the Pakistan resolution passed? (2010)
Ans: In an annual meeting of All India Muslim League, from 22nd to 24th March 1940 at
Lahore, a resolution was passed on 23rd March 1940. It was called “Pakistan
Resolution”. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah presided the meeting and A.K.
Fazl-e-Haque proposed the resolution. It was acknowledged & accepted readily and
whole-heartedly by the leaders and the audience alike.
Q#7: State briefly what the Pakistan resolution declared? (2010)
Ans: Pakistan resolution declared that all the Muslims of sub-continent would not
agree to any plan that failed to give them independence and sovereignty at state
level. In other words they wanted all areas of sub-continent where there were
more Muslims than Hindus to be combined and made an independent
sovereign state.
Q#8: What were the provinces that voted to join Pakistan?
Ans: The provinces that voted and wanted to join Pakistan were: Sindh, The North-
West frontier Province, Punjab, Sylhet and East Bengal. Some other provinces
and states, too, wanted to join Pakistan but due to some untold reasons they
were not allowed to do so.
Q#9: Why did Kashmir not join Pakistan? (2011)
Ans: The state of Kashmir was sold to the British only for 75 lacks by a Hindu
Maharaja Dogar Singh. He didn’t want Kashmir to join Pakistan, even though
Kashmir was the state of Muslim majority.

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Q#10: How large was the population of Pakistan when it became independent?
Ans: At the time of independence, the population of Pakistan is as large as 70 millions.
Although some other, about 40 million Muslims were left in other part of the
continent, India, but still it can be said that the majority of the Muslims now got their
own home in the form of Pakistan.
Q#11: How does Pakistan compare in size and population with the other nations of
the world?
Ans: When Pakistan appeared on the globe it was the largest Islamic State and the
fifth greatest state of the World with respect to size and population.
Q#12: Why does the writer apply the word terrible to the first year of Pakistan’s history
as an independent nation? (2013)
Ans: When Pakistan got rid of British domination and tried to establish a new
democracy it had to face a lot of difficulties. Because it had no capital, no infra-
structure, no machinery and no any other favorable circumstances to start
with. More than that planned riots among Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims
compelled millions of people to migrate across the borders. That crucial part of
history of newly born Pakistan is rightly called “the terrible first year”.
Q#13: Where is the tomb of Quaid-e-Azam?
Ans: After the death of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah the nation greatly
esteemed him, in fact, sacred him as holy and buried him, with honor, in the
centre of the city he was born in. So his tomb is in Karachi where he is
peacefully resting under a glorious mausoleum.
Q#14: What was the difference between Jinnah and Gandhi?
Ans: Primarily the major difference between Jinnah and Gandhi was that Gandhi
was a traditional politician, diplomatic in his approach towards all political
issues, & Jinnah was as out-spoken and straight forward as no other politician
can be compared with. Besides this they both were the best explanation of Two-
Nation Theory. Gandhi was, all in all, a Hindu and Jinnah was, through &
trough, a Muslim. They had profound Principal Contradictions between them.
Q#15: What was the age of Quaid-e-Azam at the time of death?
Ans: He was over seventy when the struggle against his all sufferings, diseases and
weakness, came to an end.
Q16: What were the feelings of Quaid-e-Azam when he came to Pakistan on August 7, 1947?
(2015/2017)
Ans: When Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah landed Karachi on 7th August, 1947. He was calm and
serious. Perhaps he was thinking about the homeless people who migrated from India. Quaid-e-Azam
always hated violence and tyranny that’s why his behaviour was too severe on that day. He gave no sign of
his feelings if he felt joy or pride for what he had done. For only once or twice he smiled, and we could see
a warm hearted man behind stern Quaid-e-Azam.
Q17: How did the people receive their Quaid in Karachi on 7th August 1947? (2018)
Ans: When the silver aircraft of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah landed on Mauripur airport, the
people gathered there in a large amount pushed each other to get as close to him and when they saw their
Quaid, the whole crown roared with chorus, Pakistan Zindabad. As the Quaid drove through the streets of
Karachi, the never ceasing cheers of Pakistan Zindabad were being heard. They received their leader warm
heartedly.
Q18: What did Quaid-e-Azam tell his people few days after he landed in Karachi? (2014)
Ans: When Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah landed in Karachi, he said to his people that they are free
to go to their temples, mosques or any other place of worship. He also said that they all were equal citizens
of this state of Pakistan. He was preaching the teaching of Prophet that all man are equal in the eyes of
God.
Q19: Why did Congress leaders spend most of the 2nd world war in prison? (2018/2012)
Ans: The Congress leaders spent most the 2nd World War in prison on account of their mass civil
disobedience plan against India’s declaration of War. During this time, Jinnah won over all the Muslims.
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"BIRKENHEAD DRILL"
Introduction
Birkenhead Drill is a story of extravagant deed of heroism and shvarism shown by the
soldiers of British 963Army. The Birkenhead Drill was a troop ship, which come across
with sudden accident which has brought a dramatic change in the life of soldiers.
Birkenhead Drill means Women and Children First is the order followed on all ships that
are in danger. Birkenhead Drill means today to stand be still facing certain death so that
the weaker ones may have a chance of life.
“Some people born great
Some people have greatness
Some people achieve greatness
We should make our lives sublime”

Summary
Birkenhead Drill was a military ship. In February 1851, it was going to South Africa with
troops and their families. There were a total of six hundred and thirty people on board
out of which one hundred and seventy were women and children. The rest were
inexperienced military men and officers. At 2 a.m. on 25th February, when this ship was
near Cape Town, it strokes a massive rock that was not shown on any of the maps. This
sudden jerk broke the ship into two pieces. The front half soon sank but the hind half
stayed afloat. Most of the people manage to reach the rear part. There were only 3
lifeboats left undamaged with a capacity of 60 persons per boat. Only 180 people could
be saved in this way. The others would draw because the damaged military ship could
not float much longer. This situation should have caused a panic on the ship. Unlike
other happenings, there was no panic or confusion in the boat. The trained soldiers
managed complete discipline and were successful in transferring some women and
children into the lifeboats. The captain and soldiers stood line by line as if they were on
their daily drill. Everyone was loyal to his duty and himself. A commander set an
example by giving his life for two young soldiers. When the commander was hanging on
to some piece of wood, he saw two young soldiers struggling in the water. He allowed
them to hold on wreckage. But the commander realized that the wreckage could not bear
the weight of the three persons so he let go his hold and went into the water forever. Due
to complete management of discipline, 194 people were saved but 436 men drowned
forever in the deep waters. Moral the undiminished order of the soldiers presented in the
article reflects the quality of sacrifice and devotion in mankind. We should stand still
facing certain fate so that the weak ones may have a chance to live. This has been
known as Birkenhead Drill since then.
“DUTY, THAT WHICH STERNLY IMPELS US IN THE DIRECTION OF PROFIT, ALONG
THE LINE OF DESIRE.”

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“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The essay “Birkenhead Drill’ is taken from____________.
Asok Readers, Book III Radiant Book III Brilliant Book III Verb & Usage edition III

2. The Birkenhead was a ____________.

Car Aero plane Train Troopship

3. The Birkenhead was carrying British soldiers and their families to ____________.
The East Indies The West Indies South Africa South America

4. The Birkenhead was carrying British soldiers and their families to south Africa in
____________,
February 1849 February 1850 February 1851 February 1852

5. A hidden rock was ____________ from the coast of Cape Town in South Africa.
Twenty miles Thirty miles Forty miles Fifty miles

6. Only ____________ of the boats were in useful condition.

Two Three Four Five

7. ____________would find room in these three boats.

A hundred and sixty A hundred and A hundred and A hundred and
seventy eighty ninety

8. There was perfect discipline and great heroism among____________.

The doctors The technicians The troops The engineers

9. The commander of the troops called on his men to gather together on deck____.
In a reading In proper drill order In sleeping In riding position

10. ____________ Men went down for ever.

Four hundred and Four hundred and Four hundred and Four hundred and
thirty five thirty six thirty seven thirty eight

11. Birkenhead Drill means ____________.

To stand and be still To sit in the boat To fly in the storm To stand In an
facing certain death irregular order

12. Birkenhead Drill presents the story of soldiers ____________.

Unity Discipline Patience Bravery

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1: When and where did the Birkenhead sink?
Ans: It was approximately 64 km / 40 miles away from Cape Town in South Africa
that the troopship Birkenhead struck a hidden rock twice and readily sunk
under the waters.

Q#2: What kinds of people were being carried as passenger on Birkenhead?

Ans: The Birkenhead was a kind of troopship. Some British soldiers were going to
South Africa with their families by the ship. Most of them were young, and

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recently had joined the Army. So they all were inexperienced not prepared for
unfavorable circumstances.

Q#3: How did the Birkenhead come to be wrecked? Was any member of her crew to
blame? (2009/2011/2017)
Ans: The wreck of the ship was caused by a underwater rock. The Birkenhead collided
the rock which was hidden under the surface of the water. No member of the crew was
to be blamed for the devastation because none of them ever knew about it. It was not
shown in any of the map and they had never been told about it before.

Q#4: Why was there life boats accommodation for only 180 people after collision with
the rock?
Ans: After the Birkenhead struck the hidden rock twice most of the life boats were
damaged or completely destroyed. Only three of them were, fortunately, there in
a useful condition. Each life had a capacity of sixty passengers. It means only 180
passengers could be accommodated in those boats.
Q#5: Was there enough room in the life boats for all the women and children on the
board?
Ans: Out of six hundred and thirty passengers of the ship there were only one hundred
and seventy women and children. So when the ship came to be wrecked and life
boats had to be used to escape all women and children were placed in the boats
easily because the boats had the capacity of 180 passengers and they all were only
170.

Q#6: What would probably have happened had there been a panic? (2010/2013/2014)
Ans: Had there been a panic on the Birkenhead not a single person out of six hundred
and thirty would have been saved. In the huddling confusion they, running to get
place in the life boats, might have pushed one another into the waters, they might
have crushed old and weaker-ones, women and children under feet or the boats
might have been over loaded and sunk under weight. In all cases there would have
been least chances of survival for them.

Q#7: Describe the behaviour of the soldiers while the women and children escaped in
the boats? (2015)
Ans: When all women and children were accommodated in the boats and went away
all the soldiers, by then, were standing on the deck, respective to their ranks,
calmly and quietly, facing the death by sinking down the waters.

Q#8: Were many of the men rescued who remained on the sinking ship?
Ans: When all women and children were sailed away in the boats, after then, the
soldiers who were standing on the board tried to rescue their lives. But it was
too late for them and only a few men could be able to survive, to keep
themselves, on the surface of the ocean. Four hundred and thirty six men, out of
six hundred and thirty, went down forever.

Q#9: How did the survivors among those left on the ship manage to save themselves?
Ans: The men who were able to survive themselves on the surface of the water held
on the pieces of wreckage of the devastated ship. Then a rescue ship arrived
there and picked them all up.

Q#10: Describe one heroic action that took place after the Birkenhead went down?
Ans: All the soldiers on the ship displayed a heroic and sacrificing behaviour. Even
the commander of the troops set an example by saving two young sailors at the
cost of his own life. He was hanging onto a wreckage when he saw two young
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sailors were struggling in the waters. He pushed his wreckage towards so that
they too could have some support by it. But soon he realized that the wreckage
was strong enough to support all three. So he left his hold & went down forever.

Q#11: Were the troops on board the Birkenhead experienced & used to face dangers?
Ans: No, all the soldiers on the board were not only young but inexperienced as well.
Most of them had joined the forces recently. So they were not prepared of any
kind of such circumstances.

Q#12: How do we know that they behaved with gallantry & discipline up to the very last?
Ans: One of the officers who were rescued by a ship, afterward, told that there was
no confusion at all on the Birkenhead. In fact there was perfect discipline
among the soldiers. They were following the commands as they were on their
daily drill. There was not a muttering among them. Briefly they showed such a
heroic discipline that ever can only be imagined.

THE UNITED NATIONS

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”
Q#1: What is the manifesto or aim of the United Nations?
Ans: The aim of The United Nation is to prevent war in the world, and to reach a
state of lasting peace. But preventing a war is very difficult. The only way to
refrain from war is to remove as many causes of war as possible. So The United
Nations focus on little quarrels that may lead to war among nations, and to
improve general conditions of ignorance, poverty, hunger and health all over
the world.

Q#2: What is UN Day? What do we do on that day?

Ans: 24th October is celebrated all over the world as The United Nations Day. It was
the day when the United Nations came in to being in the year 1945 A.D. On
that day we make promises ourselves to improve the general atmosphere of
sympathy, love, sincerity and brotherhood across the globe.

Q#3: How does the United Nations solve the problems of children all over the world?
Ans: The United Nations has a special organization to solve the problems of children
all over the world. It is called UNICEF (United Nation’s Children Emergency
Fund). UNICEF is the friend of children around the world. It specializes in the
relief of children.

Q#4: For how long the World War II had been fought?
Ans: The World War II had been fought from 1939 A.D to 1945 A.D around the
world.

Q#5: When was the United Nations Organization founded and what inspired its
foundation? (2010/2019)
Ans: When The World War II was coming to an end, humanity had suffered a lot, by
then. Longing of peace, love and brotherhood was the strongest desire, aroused
after facing the devastation at the largest scale in the human history.
Unfulfilled prophecy of The League of Nations came true on 24 th October 1945
A.D. in the form of The United Nations, to prevent the world from destruction of
the same sort in future.

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Q#6: How successful has the UNO been, so far, in preventing local war?
Ans: Truly admitting, the result has not been satisfactory, so far, in many cases. But
UN has succeeded in few cases in bringing the peace where there is no peace
before. But, still, it has to go a long way ahead. The path is full of spurges, so
The UN cannot spur.

Q#7: What part of the work of the U.N appears, so far, to have yielded the most
promising results? (2013)
Ans: UNO aims to stop wars in the world but stopping a war is very much difficult as feelings
run high. Struggle for making peace is open to misunderstanding among nations. There are a great
many cases where UNO has not achieved success but there are places too where UNO established
peace and prosperity. We should not lose our hope because the UNO is very much succeeded in
fighting against all the social evils such as hunger, ignorance, diseases and poverty.

Q#8: What are the important differences between the General Assembly and the
Security Council?
Ans: General Assembly is the central and principal organ of the UN. Every member
country around the earth is represented there. It deals with issues related to
peace and the betterment of happiness and justice in the world.
The Security Council is an important organ of the UN. It has been made up of
only fifteen members. Five of them are permanent, and of the other ten three
are elected each year for two years. It is made to maintain the condition of
peace and order around the globe.

Q#9: What is the designation of the Chief Officer of the U.N? For how long is he
appointed and by whom?
Ans: The Secretary General is the chief officer of the UN. He is elected by the General
Assembly with the approval of the Security Council for five years term. He is
responsible for each and every step taken for the well-being of humanity and to
sustain the peaceful environment across the world.

Q#10: How large a staff is employed by the Secretariat and where does it work?
Ans: The Secretariat, the headquarters of the UN, has employed a staff of more than
three thousand five hundred people, working directly under the Secretary
General. The Secretariat has some other special branches also with hundreds of
employees at various other centers.

Q#11: What is the function of the International Bank?

Ans: The International Bank gives loans to the member countries to help in
improving the general condition of life, at least, in that part of the world, and to
carry through the work of public welfare and betterment.

Q#12: What do the initials W.H.O stand for, and what is the function of this
organization?
Ans: W.H.O stands for World Health Organization. It was started in 1946, but it was
established as a permanent organization on 7th April 1948. It works on
international health. It advises member nations on public health and on the
control of disease.

Q#13: What do the initials F.A.O stand for, and what is the function of this
organization? (2017)
Ans: F.A.O stands for Food and Agricultural Organization. It was established in
1943. It advises member countries on how to grow more food and other crops,
on how to control plant and animal diseases, how to protect food in storage,
and in general how to increase the yield of farm, fisheries and forests.

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Q#14: What is the function of UNESCO?
Ans: UNESCO stands for United Nations’ Education Science and Culture
Organization. It is a special organization which works to advance human well-
being through education, science and culture. It, not only, advises member
countries on how to improve in knowledge, science and culture, but also provides
certain aids to carry through the work.
Q15 : Describe the functions of UNICEF.
Ans: UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children Emergency Fund. It is the friend of
children all over the world. It helps to fight against the social evils of children. UNICEF has opened
many schools through-out the world so that every child could get quality education. It also
provided medicines to Indonesia for their fight against Yaws.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The essay “The United Nations” is taken from ____________.
Radiant Reading Asok Readers, Book Brilliant Book III Advanced learners
Book III III Book III

2. In the spring of ____________, the Second World War was coming to an end.
1944 1945 1946 1947

3. The nations of the world came together in ____________.

March 1945 April 1945 June 1945 July 1945

4. The nations of the world organized ____________ in April 1945.

The U.N.O. The league of The club of Members The Anjuman of
Nations Members

5. The U.N.O. stands for ____________.

The United Arab The Union Soviet The United Nations The United Kingdom
Emirates Republic Organization

6. The headquarters of the U.N.O. is in ____________.

London in England Paris in France Moscow in Russia New York in the United
Sate of America

7. The U.N deals with ____________ that might lead to war among the nations.
Disputes Punctuality Regularity Nationality

8. The aim of the U.N is to prevent ____________ in the world.

Progress Peace War Prosperity

9. The Asian saw new types of boats in ____________.

China and India Afghanistan & Iran America and Cuba England & Scotland

10. Every year U.N. day is celebrated on ____________.

23rd October 24th October 25th October 26th October

11. The central and principal organ of the U.N is ____________.

The security The General The U.N.E.S.C.O The W.H.O
Council Assembly

12. Each member nation has only ____________ I the general Assembly.

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One vote Two votes Three votes Four votes

13. The security is made up of ____________.

Twelve members Thirteen members Fourteen members Fifteen members

14. China, France, the United Kingdom, the U.S.S.R and the United stated are
____________ of the security Council.
Temporary members Permanent members Disqualified Unsatisfied
members members

15. ____________ out of fifteen members are permanent.

Three Four Six Five

16. The temporary members of the Security Council are elected by ____________.
The General The Security The U.N.E.S.C.O The U.N.I.C.E.F
Assembly Council

17. The Chief officer of the U.N.O is ____________.

The president The Secretary The Chairman The Chief
General

18. Ten temporary members of the Security Council are elected for____________.
One year term Two year terms Three year terms Four year terms

19. U.N.I.C.E.F specialization in the relief of ____________.

Children Men Woman Middle aged

20. W.H.O was started in ____________.

1944 1945 1946 1947

21. The permanent organization of W.H.O came into being on ____________.

7th April 1945 7th April 1946 7th April 1947 7th April 1948

22. ____________were cured who had yaws.

1,300,000 1,400,000 1,500,000 1,600,000

23. F.A.O was started in ____________.

1940 1941 1942 1943

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"MY BANK ACCOUNT"

Introduction
My Bank Account is written by Stephen Leacock. He is one of the most popular mockers
and article writer. His witty articles are the best example of sardonic Mockery. The most
of his stories like Brown Eyes, Freedom Cost, and Behind the Table are written in first
person style.
“CONFIDENCE WITH FEAR LEAD TO MOCKERY.”______________________ Stephen

Summary
Our author had a particular kind of fear about banks. Every time he entered a bank, to
do business, he felt awfully frightened. The author was afraid of banks but he had to go
to a bank, as he received a raise in his salary. As he entered the bank his fear overlook
him. In this panic, the author made number of stupid mistakes. He entered the bank
and demanded to see the manager alone. The author was taken to a private room. The
manager was convinced that the author was millionaire who wished to deposit millions
of dollars. But the manager was very upset, when he learn that the author wanted to
deposit, 56 dollars & that he would deposit 50 dollars every month. Quite obviously the
manager was irritated and directed him to the accountant, so that his account could be
opened, which was duly done. After having deposited fifty-six dollars. The author wanted
to withdraw six dollars for his current use. In his nervousness, the author made a
blunder. Instead of writing a cheque for 6 dollars he had written 56 dollars. The
accountant looked at him in astonishment and asked if he wanted to withdraw all his
money. The author realized his mistake, but wanted to cover up his stupidness. So he
replied he wanted to draw all his money. Author was feeling miserable & he want to rush
out of the bank sooner than he received his money, he rushed out of the bank as he did
so, a loud burst of laughter went up, to the roof of the bank.

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1: According to the author what is the effect upon him on entering a bank to do
business? (2009/2013)
Ans: The author says he is encompassed with fear and dread whenever enters a
bank, and commits stupid mistakes there under some obsession.
Q#2: Why did the author decide to open an account?
Ans: The author had to go to a bank because his salary had been raised to fifty
dollars a month. So he thought that bank was the best place to keep his money.
That’s why he went to a bank to open an account.
Q#3: What was the manger’s reaction when the author told him that he would like to
see him alone? (2011)
Ans: When the author asked the manager to meet him alone the manager became
anxious. The author’s mysterious behavior made the manager worry to think
that he might have some terrible secret to tell, because the manager took him
for a detective.
Q#4: Why did the manager look relieved when he knew the purpose of the author’s visit?
Ans: The manager felt relieved when he came to know that the author was not a
detective, and had come to open an account rather than any investigation.
Q#5: What is the equivalent of fifty American dollars in Pakistani currency?
Ans: One American dollar is valued at 60 Pakistani Rupees. Hence 50 American
dollars is equal to 3000 Rs. (50 $ = 3000 Rs.)

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Q#6: What mistake did the author make when he wrote the cheque? (2014)
Ans: When the deposited his amount (56 $) to his account he thought that he should
draw some amount, about six $, to meet his current need. He got the cheque book from
the clerk and some one told him how to write the cheque, but in mental panic he
miswrote the amount of fifty six dollars instead of six.

Q#7: Explain the meaning of the clerk’s question “how will you have it?”
Ans: The clerk actually wanted to know from the author that in what number of
currency or coin he would like to get his drawn cash, like in one dollar, ten
dollar or fifty dollar notes.
Q#8: Why was there “a roar of laughter” when the author left the bank? (2016)
Ans: When the author was getting out of the bank, he heard a roar of laughter which
he thought would have gone to the roof of the bank. It was surely on the stupid
mistakes of the author, because when his stupidity revealed, as obvious, all the
clerks stopped writing and started watching him and enjoying his follies. In the
end when the author left the bank hurriedly they all showed the climax of their
joy by laughing at him.
Q#9: The author, Stephen Leacock, was a respectable university teacher and a
highly successful writer. Do you think this is a true story?
Ans: Stephen Leacock was a reasonable figure so this expectation that he would do
such non-sense actions is beyond reason. In fact he has created a fictitious
situation as he created in most of his stories. The doubt has been created only
by using the narration in first person speech, otherwise it is mere fiction.
Q#10: Why is it wiser to keep one’s money in a bank than to hoard it in one’s home?
Ans: It is obviously wiser to keep one’s money in to a bank than to hoard it at home.
Firstly, because it is never safe at home, any dacoit or burglar may test his skill
any time. Secondly, you may spend it for your luxuries if it is at home. Finally, if
the money is kept in the bank, not only you take the interest of that but the as well.
It might be used in different projects of public interest by the government.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. “My Bank account” is written by ____________.
Lack London Woodrow Wilson W.C. Fields Stephen Leacock

2. The author’s salary had been raised to ____________ a month.

Forty dollars Fifty dollars Sixty dollars Seventy dollars

3. The author went up to a place mark ____________.

Accountant Abbey Assistant Auditor

4. The author held his fifty six dollars pressed together in a ball in his ____________.
Pocket Cap Hat Car

5. The author intended to place the was a ____________ in the bank now.
Thirty six dollars Fifty dollars Sixty dollars Seventy dollars

6. The author intended to place the sum of _______ a month regularly in the bank.
Fort dollars Fifty dollars Sixty dollars Seventy dollars

7. Mr. Montgomery gave the author’s money to another____________.

Translator Manager Clerk Typist

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8. The author wanted to draw a ____________.
Line Picture Map Cheque

9. The author’s idea was to draw out v of it for present use.

Four dollars Five dollars Six dollars Seven dollars

10. The author realized that he had written fifty six dollars instead of ____________.
Three Four Five Six

11. The clerk gave the author ____________.

A fifty dollar note A fifty rupee note A fifty pound note A fifty riyal note

12. The clerk heard the sound of a roar of ____________.

Opposition Lions Thunder Laughter

13. The author kept his money in his ____________.

Pocket Car Desk Box

14. The author kept his saving in silver dollars in a ____________.

Cop Hat Sock Doll

The Wolves of Cernogratz"

Introduction
This is an interesting story about supernatural forces and strange happenings written by
Saki H.H. Munro. The author is well known for his tales of mystery and magical powers.
The story is about an old castle and its owners, the Cernogratz family who had to sell off
their family castle, when their fortune turned against them. Thus, they abandoned their
ancestral family castle. As time went by, the castle was purchased by Gruebel family.

Summary
One of the last days of December, the Baroness, the new owner of the Cernogratz Castle,
was engaged in a friendly conversation with her guests. She was telling them about a
strange legend attached to the castle. She said that whenever someone died in the castle,
all the wild beasts and wolves would appear from nowhere and start howling all night
long. But she quickly brushed this legend aside by saying that, it is only a gimmick to
enhance the value of castle. She also said that she did not believe in the legend as she
had proof that nothing of the sort ever happened. When her old mother-in-law died in
the castle, nothing of the sort happened and no wolves appeared. According to her it was
utter rubbish and that there was no truth in the legend. That the people had merely
invented a story so as to give cheap publicity to the place. On hearing this account,
Amalie von Cernogratz, an old governess employed in the house, remarked:

“THE STORY IS NOT AS YOU HAVE TOLD IT. IT IS NOT WHEN ANY ONE DIES IN
THE CASTLE, THAT THE HOWLING IS HEARD. IT IS ONLY HEARD, WHEN A
MEMBER OF THE CERNOGRATZ FAMILY, DIES IN HIS FAMILY CASTLE THAT THE
WOLVES APPEAR IN THEIR THOUSANDS AND START HOWLING.”

The Governess strongly protested and insisted that the legend was quite true. She knew
the family legend very well, as she was the last of the great Cernogratz family. The old
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Governess repeated the actual legend in a note of defiance, almost in contempt. She
made it quite clear that no howling was heard if a stranger died in the castle. But if a
cernogratz died in his family castle, not only did the wolves would howl in chorus, but
also a large tree would crash in the park as the soul of the dying one left its body.
Naturally the company showed its disbelief. They thought that the old lady is pretending
to be an important person. She knows that she will be soon past work and she wants to
appeal to our sympathies. That the old Amalie is making a false claim to be a
Cernogratz. When the old Governess left the room, the Baroness and her guests were
convinces that, she is an ordinary woman and had somehow learnt the Cernogratz
legend from the peasants living in the vicinity. Later on, some mysterious happenings
proved every word of the old governess. It so happened that the old governess fell ill and
confined herself to her small, cheerless room. Just then the company heard the howling
of wolves. Moved by some impulse, the Baroness went to the Governess’s room. To her
horror, she found, all the windows open, despite the biting cold, while the old lady was
lying on the couch terribly sick. The Baroness rushed forward to shut the windows. But
the Governess forbade her in a very stern manner. She asked the Baroness to leave and
let the windows be open, as she wanted to hear the “Death Music” of her family. The
Baroness announced to her guests that the old governess was dying. While the guests
were talking, they heard a loud noise of a tree splitting and then crashing down, with a
loud thud. At that moment, the governess breathed her last. The news of Amalie-von-
Cernogratz’s death and her affiliation to the Cernogratz family was confirmed in the
newspaper, the following day. Amalie, the valued fried of the Baron and Baroness
Gruebel had passed away in her old family castle.

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q# 1: What did Conrad ask his sister?
Ans: Conrad, a prosperous Hamburg merchant, asked his sister, a baroness who had
purchased the castle of Cernogratz, if there were any old legends attached to that
castle, because there always were old legends about such old places.

Q#2: What did the baroness think the legend was?

Ans: According to the baroness it is said that when any one dies in the castle all the
dogs of the village and all the wolves of the forest howl whole night long. But the
baroness readily clarifies that it is not a true story and she herself does not
believe in it.

Q#3: What was the real story? (2009/2010/2013/2014/2018)

Ans: Amalie, the old governess of the baron family, hurriedly told that the story was
not as the baroness told it. The truth was that it all happened only when a
Cernogratz died in his family castle, and for a stranger, nothing of the sort ever
happened. No howling would be heard and no tree would fall down in the park,
never.

Q#4: At what precise moment would a tree fall in the park?

Ans: When the soul of the dying one left its body a tree would fall down in the park.

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Q#5: How did the governess know the real story?
Ans: The old governess claimed that she, herself, was a member of Cernogratz family.
That’s why she knew the real story of her ancestral castle.

Q#6: Why were the baron and the baroness angry with Amalie? (2015)
Ans: Both of them were angry with Amalie because they thought that she not only
spoke disrespectfully and disobediently but her claim of being a Cernogratz was
an attempt to prove them inferior to her.

Q# 7: When did the governess fall ill?

Ans: After the Christmas festivities the governess, who was very old and feeble, could
not tolerate the cold of the last days of December and fell dangerously ill.

Q#8: What was the first sign of the presence of wolves?

Ans: The baroness was, after the celebration of Christmas, having a chit-chat with her
guests. Amid their conversation when they were talking about the illness of the
old governess suddenly the small lapdog leapt from its cushion and crept under
the sofa, shivering and trembling.

Q#9: Why did the governess insist on having her window opened?
Ans: The old governess insisted on having her window opened because she wanted to
hear the traditional death music of her family before dying. It was the sound of
wolves which she could not have heard if the window had been closed.
Q#10: What was the rational explanation of these strange events?
Ans: There is no rational justification of these strange events. Though the guests
attempted to reason out all the happening that the cold was responsible for all the
events but it was very weak argument because why did it all happen at the
precise moments, though the cold was there all the time. In fact we will have to
admit that there always are certain events that we cannot explain rationally. They
are beyond our intellect, and they are superior to any physical law or connection.
They are metaphysical and super-natural.
Q3: Who was Wappi and why was it shivering? (2019)
Ans: Wappi was a small wooly lap-dog. It was the pet of Baroness Gruebel, the land lady of the
castle of Cernogratz. When Baroness was sitting with her guests then Wappi heard the voice of
wolves coming far away. Wappi got frightened and jumped under the sofa. It kept shivering due to
fright.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The Wolves of Cernogratz” is written by ____________.
Saki Carnegie Fields Rick ford

2. Conrad was a prosperous Hamburg ____________.

Cobbler Technician Merchant Driver

3. The baroness Gruebel was Conrad’s ____________.

Sister Neighbor Wife Teacher

4. The baroness mother in law died in the castle last ____________.

Spring Autumn Winter Summer

5. Amalie was the old ____________ to Baron and baroness.

Teacher Doctor Clerk Governess

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6. The wolves howled at the edge of the ____________ just before the hour death.
Valley Hill River Forest

7. “I am a ____________ myself” said the old governess.

Fields Cernogratz Green Duke

8. Amalie’s ____________ spent much to tell many stories.

Brother Sister Father Mother

9. There was a ____________ when Amalie finished speaking.

Confusion Noise Roar Silence

10. The baron said angrily that the governess was just____________.
Jepson Pickford Sale Schmidt

11. After Christmas Amalie fell ____________?

Healthy Dissatisfied Discontent

12. Wappi was a very small woolly ____________.

Cat Donkey Lapdog Sparrow

13. Wappi, small wooly lapdog leapt suddenly down from its ____________.
Cupboard Table Desk Cushion

14. The wolves had come from far and wide to sing the _________ of the Cernogratz
family.
Dramas Death music Plays Birth music

SCIENCE AND SCIENTIST

Introduction
The writer of this article tells us what is meant by science. The layman just knows the
meaning of words like astronomer, Chemistry, Geology. He does not possess a scientific
outlook and can’t even define it. He thinks that history, politics, economics, art and
religion are not sciences. Scientists also did no care to define it. But when they use the
word scientific as an epithet for something they generally mean that it is exact, precise
and based on some sound evidence. Generally speaking, science is not only a collection
of ideas but also of rules and laws. It is, therefore, the duty of the scientist to make
experiments in order to arrive at the truth.

Summary
The layman has no definite ideas about science. To him science includes chemistry,
biology, astronomy, physics, etc. he is not sure whether engineering or medicine is
science or not. But he is quite sure that art, religion, and politics are not science at all.
He cannot even define science.
The scientist is more interested in doing scientific work than in defining it. When a
scientist says that a book is unscientific be means that it is inexact, that is badly
arranged. He also means that the author of the book has not arrived at his conclusion
currently of that he has allowed his personal prejudice to influence his subject matter.
By scientific work he means that which is as exact as possible.

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Science, in really is a vast collection of clearly expressed facts the truth of which can’t be
tested when one wishes to do so. It is also a collection of rules and laws which expresses
the connection between these facts. In the old days when men acquired knowledge in a
careless and irregular manner and believed the statements of others without testing
them science made little progress. But ever since they began to leap and bounds.

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q#1: What is meant by the phrase ‘the man in the street’?
Ans: The phrase “the man in the street” means a common man who passes his
everyday life without having any technical expertise in any field.

Q#2: What is meant by ‘jumping the conclusion’?

Ans: “Jumping to conclusion” means to maintain any theory, law or idea
unscientifically. That is concluding an argument without supplying sufficient
evidences without going through the experimental process.

Q#3: What is the meaning of ‘object’ in the last sentence of the second paragraph give
at least two other meanings with which the word can be used?
Ans: Here in this sentence the word “object” means purpose, aim or reason, but it can
also be used in some other different meanings. For example an “object” is a noun
to which an action is directed, e.g. Italy has won the FIFA World Cup. In this
example “FIFA World Cup” is an object. Another meaning of object is “thing”, e.g.
how many objects are there in the room?

Q#4: What is the meaning of ‘unambiguous’?

Ans: The word unambiguous means “clear and obvious” that needs no further
explanation.

Q#5: What is an experiment?

Ans: An experiment is a way to testify the truth or falsity of any scientific thought or
hypothesis. In this process we test different facts collected form observation under
certain and controlled environmental conditions.

Q#6: How do scientists prove that their facts are correct? (2019)
Ans: Scientists prove that their facts are correct by passing them through controlled
and conditioned experiment that any one, who dares to test them, can verify their
truth or falsity.
Q#7: Write three sentences on ‘why a man in the street considers chemistry to be a
science and art not to be a science?’
Ans: A man in the street comprehensively maintain the idea that chemistry is a science
because he knows science deals with material objects and physical laws not mere
imaginations or ideas. On the other hand art is purely based upon mere ideas,
imaginations and perceptions, but sometimes it does not needs its material
embodiment and happily rests in Utopia. That’s why he considers art as
unscientific.
Q#8: ‘I know that fat people are stupid because I have a cousin who is fat and he is
very stupid.’ Explain why these words reveal an unscientific outlook.
Ans: It looks totally unscientific because, firstly, it is based upon a weak induction, and
in science no universal statement can be made on merely a single observation.
Secondly, it jumped to conclusion without sufficient experimental evidences (i.e.
without testing other fat people). Finally, it has an unscientific because it looks
like a biased opinion towards fat people.

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Q#9: ‘I’ve always believed that girls are less intelligent than boys. I don’t care what the
result of intelligent tests show – I’m not going to change my mind.’ Explain why
these words reveal an unscientific outlook.
Ans: Science always believes and follows the facts and figures. If a person who does not
accept the factual truths and insists on keeping his personal prejudices in the
first place shows his unscientific attitude of mind. In the above example the case
is same. The results of intelligent tests are the facts that reveal that girls are more
intelligent but the speaker’s insistence shows his personal prejudice against girls.
That’s why it is unscientific.
Q#10: Explain the difference between a fact of science and a law of science. If you are a
student of science, give an example of each.
Ans: Science is basically a combination of facts and laws. Facts are all phenomena or
objects present in our surrounding, and a scientific law is the connection between
these facts. For example the earth & the sun are the facts and the force of attraction
is the law (connection) by which the earth is moving around the sun.
Q#11: Differentiate between ‘Scientific’ and ‘Unscientific’ work. (2016/2012/2009)
Ans: If a scientist claims that any piece of work is unscientific, then by this phrase he literally mean to say
that the work is inexact, it is badly arranged, it jumps to conclusion without sufficient evidences and the
author has allowed his personal prejudices to influence the report.
By scientific work then we mean that the work is as exact as possible, it is orderly arranged, it jumps to
conclusion with sound and sufficient evidence and the only task of scientific work is the prevalence of truth
without being affected by one’s own personal prejudices.
Q12: How does F. Sherwood Taylor define the term ‘science.’? (2015)
Ans: F. Sherwood Taylor was a prominent scientific article write who defined science in his book, ‘The
World of Science’. According to him, Science is firstly a wide collection of facts and figures in an ordered
arranged and in an unambiguous language so that anyone can test their truth. Then it is a collection of
laws and principles which connect the relation of any natural phenomena with each other.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. “Science and Scientist” is written by____________.
W.C. fields John D. Rockfeller F. Sherwood Taylor Lord Byron

2. The man in the ______ has a very fair of the meaning of the word science.
Street Business Market Town

3. The man is the street is quite sure that politics, history art and religion are
not ________.
Subject Ancient Science Necessary

4. Unscientific means something is ____________.

Exact Inexact Idea Base

5. Scientific work means as ____________ as possible.

Inefficient Injustice Exact Inexact

6. ____________ is badly arranged.

Unscientific work Scientific work Published work Printed work

7. Science is a vast collection of ____________.

Facts Beliefs Emotions Feelings

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8. Science is also a collection of rules or ____________.
Constructions Destructions Regularity Laws

9. Men hunted for ____________ in a random sort of way.

Knowledge Food Animal Fish

10. Science began to grow when the scientists made sure that their facts were
right by doing ____________.
Experiences Experiments Rules & regulation Rules of law

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

Introduction
The writer of this article recounts the remarkable progress which science has made. He
says science has made three marked features.
1. The Scientific attitude of mind
2. The invention of scientific instrument for observation and measurement
3. The increasingly effective use of mathematics.
The work of great scientist Newton clearly illustrates that these three features are
responsible for the great revolution in the world of scientific attitude of mind insist on
objective reasoning and aims to collect reasoning.

Summary
The writer of this article recounts the remarkable progress which science has made. He
says science has made three marked features.
1. The Scientific attitude of mind
2. The invention of scientific instrument for observation and measurement
3. The increasingly effective use of mathematics.
The work of the great scientist Newton demonstrates these three elements of modern
science. He brought about a great revolution in science and changed old beliefs because
he acted upon these three important features. He worked on such instruments as
telescope and prism and then applied his mathematical theories to scientific research.
If two scientists, different from each other in all other things working in the same
physical phenomena, they reached the same conclusion about them. Their instruments
will give them the same reading and universal law of mathematics will bind the
calculation of both of them.
Man has achieved a remarkable success in solving scientific problems but it is pity that
he has failed to solve many political and social problems. Science is doing much to
diminish the social evils of poverty and disease. It has enormously added to the comfort
of man. It principles apply only to these things which can be observed and treated
mathematically. It has nothing to do with values such as happiness, goodness, duty,
courage and justice.
Young people must be educated in modern science and without the education they will
find this world in comprehensible. They cannot be a good citizen of the world or of their
own country unless they are aware of the values which under lie human beliefs motive
and conduct. In this period of history, religion is of tremendous importance to the good
member of a good society.

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“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q. 1: What is the difference between ‘objective thinking’ and ‘prejudiced thinking’?
Ans: Objective thinking means to strictly believe in the facts obtained from objects
and not to allow your personal believes to vitiate those objective truths. While a
prejudiced thinking is the other name of your personal believe based upon
your emotions, liking or disliking, and hate or love etc. Sometimes it has nothing
to do with factual truths or general realities at all.

Q.2: Explain what is meant by the ‘universality of science and mathematics’? (2017)
Ans: The laws of science & mathematics are acceptable, verifiable & believable
universally by each and every person in all ages. They are equally understood
and likely implemented around the globe by every scientist or mathematician.
This is called the universality of science & mathematics
Q.3: Define ‘altruism’.
Ans: Altruism means to believe in working for the welfare and betterment of the
other persons. An altruist is a kind of unselfish or selfless person who always
keeps the interests of the others in first place than that of his own.

Q.4: What is meant by ‘the humanities’?

Ans: Humanities are actually kinds of anthropologic studies. Humanities deal with
all aspects of human life and living. His mental, rational, physical, social and
religious behaviours are various subject matters of humanities. They include
psychology, philosophy, sociology, ethics & religion

Q.5: In what period does the writer appear to place the beginning of modern science?
Ans: The writer places the beginning of modern science in the seventeenth century.
Actually it was the period when Europe came out of the Dark Ages and got rid of
barbarism and ignorance, and the domination of church through a long, tiring,
bloody movement which they call “Renaissance.” After that period the industrial
revolution started in Europe, which was the beginning of modern science.
Q.6: With what meaning is ‘values’ used in the above passage?
Ans: In the above passage the word Values means rules of morality or moral
principles.

Q.7: In one sentence state what three features, in the writer’s opinion, are the most
important characteristics of modern science?
Ans: In writer’s opinion there are 03 most important features that characterized the
striking progress of science, the scientific attitude of mind, the development of
instruments & the use of mathematics.

Q.8: The writer mentions four contributions made by science to the welfare of society?
What are they?
Ans: According to the writer science has contributed a lot to the welfare of society
as,
a) It has invented many objects for human interests.
b) It has widely added to human comfort.
c) It has tried, and is still trying, to diminish poverty.
d) It has enormously contributed to improve health, and cure diseases.

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Q.9: What is the unusual about the construction of the last sentences in the last
but one paragraph?
Ans: It does not carry the verb.
Q.10: The writer concludes by affirming that education should contain three
elements, what are they?
Ans: The writer concludes his article by affirming that education should have the
following three elements without which a person, not only, can not understand
his surrounding, but he can never be a good member of a good society,
a) Modern science.
b) Awareness of the values which underlie human belief, motive and conduct.
c) Humanities and religion.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. Three features have marked the astonishing progress of science since________.
The fifteenth century The sixteenth century The seventeen century The eighteenth century

2. The scientific attitude of mind insists on ____________.

Hesitation Reasoning Endurance Physical

3. The second feature is the development of host wonderful instruments for

observation & _______.
Statement Movement Measurement Commencement

4. The third feature is the increasingly effective use of ____________.

Mathematics Grammar Language Business

5. Newton’s revolutionary theories were concerning gravity and ____________.

System Physical Medical Provincial

6. Newton was capable of reasoning strictly from ____________ evidence.

Symbol Sociological Physical Provincial

7. Newton was utterly independent of nonscientific traditional ____________.

Idioms Proverbs Customs Beliefs

8. Newton was a superb ____________ of his period.

Artist Mathematician Carpenter Painter

9. Two scientists observing the same physical phenomena are likely to reach the
same ____________.
Observations Calculations Ideas Morality

10. Science has failed to solve so many political and ____________ problem.
Dramatic Proverbial Historical Social

11. Science has its ____________.

Assemblies Limitations Classes Rooms

12. The methods of science apply only to those things which can be observed,
measured, and treated____________.
Mathematically Religiously Socially Punctually

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13. Science has nothing to do with ____________.
Facts Experiments Values Rules or laws of universe

14. Religion and the ____________ are as vital as science in the modern world.
Mathematics Humanities History Engineering

15. Science and society focuses on ____________.

Limitations of science Wonders of science Progress of science Drawbacks of science

"THE HOSTILE WITNESS"

Introduction
The Hostile Witness is a detective story by D.Y. Morgan. In this story he depicts the
character of a person who was not satisfied with the performance of the state Police, but
he changed his views when witnesses the performance of the police in arresting a
dangerous murderer at large.

Summary
Norman Charlton is a robber and a murderer. He lives as a servant in White Hart Hotel.
This hotel is in Kirby, a small Yorkshire town about 32 kilometers south of Darlington.
He robbed the weekly wages of two people at New Castle, who were going to their factory
carrying thousands of pounds. While committing the robbery, he faces protest from the
two persons. In reply he shoots them. One of them, named John Edward Robson, gets
killed while the other becomes seriously wounded. Charlton escapes in a stolen sports
car from the place of robbery. After reaching a safe place, he leaves the car and asks for
a lift at about a hundred yards from that point. Fortunately, he gets a lift from Mr.
Earnest King who was on his way to White Hart Hotel. When they reach the hotel,
Charlton transfers the stolen bag from Mr. King’s car into the hotel and places it behind
the reception desk. He also puts King’s luggage in a room and gets dressed in his white
jacket. He leaves the weapon of murder under the mattress. Mr. King sits in the lounge
and orders for cold drink. While enjoying cold drink, Mr. Abott and two other guests, Mr.
Cartor and Johnson enter the room. They exchange greetings and then Mr. King gets
informed about the robbery and the murder. Mr. Cartor also tells about the checking of
his car by the police. While they were talking about the robbery, three persons,
Detective-Sergeant Manning and Police Constable Stevens and Edwards, enter the hotel.
They told the people about the security and said that their duty was to check all the
hotels in the North of England. Detective-Sergeant Manning asks for the keys of the
rooms so that he could check the luggage of the guests. Everyone gives them the keys
except Mr. King, who thinks that this action was unrespectable. But after some
discussion he also gives the keys. the detective then go up to check the rooms. When
they return, one of them holds a pistol in his hand, which had been fired recently. He
tells that this pistol was laid under the mattress in Mr. King’s room. He suspects Mr.
King for the murder. Charlton takes advantages of this situation and gives the
description of the murderer – medium height and build, fresh complexion, dark hair,
moustache, horn-rimmed glasses, Grey suit and Grey hat. This description exactly
suited the dressing of Mr. King, which made him more mistrustful and every body stares
at him. Charlton also gives the bag of money having massive locks from behind the
reception desk and says that this bag was carried by Mr. King. Suddenly, Manning turns
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at Charlton and orders the constable to arrest him. He suspected him of the spirit gum
and fake moustaches that were left on his upper lip. The lift which he had taken from
Mr. King made him more suspicious. He also asks him of horn-rimmed glasses and
receives the answer in positive. Manning then arrests him and tells the people how
Charlton had committed the crime. He hid the pistol under the mattress in Mr. King’s
room while he as keeping the luggage and threw away his fake moustache soon after
killing the person. He had then taken lift from Mr. King at a bus stop near Great North
Road and gotten away safely from the police. This entire work carried out by the police
really impressed Mr. King and the killer was caught.

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”

Q.1: What was in the case that Charlton put in the cupboard behind the reception desk?

Ans: The case that was put in the cupboard behind the reception desk by Charlton
had millions of pounds. It was the amount of wages of a factory, and robbed of
two men in New Castle.
Q.2: What crime had been committed in new castle that after noon? (2011/2014/2016)
Ans: In an afternoon, two men were carrying weekly wages to a factory in a side
street in New Castle. Suddenly a man appeared in front of them and shot them
both. One of them died on the spot while the other was only wounded. The
dacoit got clean away having robbed them.
Q.3: Why did the detective Sergeant Manning first speak rather coldly to the group of
men in the hotel lounge?
Ans: Sergeant Manning spoke coldly but unfriendly to the group in the hotel lounge
because he heard the unpleasant and disrespectful remarks of Mr. King when
he had entered the lounge.
Q.4: Briefly explain why Johnson, carter and abbot were suspicious of king even
before the revolver was found in his room?
Ans: Mr. Johnson, Mr. Carter & Mr. Abbot all three were suspicious of Mr. King
even before the revolver was found, because Charlton had made them realize
that all the description of the robber fit to Mr. King. So he might be the wanted person.
Q.5: At what moment in the play does the audience realize that Charlton is lying in
order to throw suspicion on king?
Ans: After finding the revolver from King’s room Sergeant Manning, supposing him
the wanted person, asked Mr. King about the case which contained the stolen
money. He showed his ignorance. Then Charlton came forward to tell that Mr.
King had handed him the case which he had put in a safe place. That was the
moment when audience realized that actual accused was Charlton, because the
case belonged to him when they first time appeared in the play. So he was
accusing Mr. King to be the owner of the case to make him suspicious.
Q.6: Why did Manning never believed that king was the murderer? (2010/2012/2018)
Ans: Sergeant Manning did never believe that Mr. King could be a murderer. Because
if he was the robber and he tried to get clean away after committing the crime he
would never be able to reach there in the hotel within such period as he did. Because he
had a, five years old, green Morris Minor car. If he took the Great North Road he
might have been caught by the police. The only possible way of escaping was that if
he drove at a hundred miles/hr he could have succeeded by going from New Castle
to Darlington before the police started checking.

Q.7: Briefly explain what was in Manning’s mind when he said ‘Your story really
interests me, Mr. King.’
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Ans: When Manning said these words he had made his mind that Mr. King did not
commit the crime and Charlton might be the accused.
Q.8: Why was Manning certain of Charlton’s guilt after peering closely into his face?
Ans: When Manning had a close look at his face he easily found the traces of false
hair on his upper lip, he had got rid of after committing the crime, he was
certain that Charlton was the real accused.
Q.9: Why was Manning interested in the make and age of King’s car?
Ans: Manning was interested in the make and age of King’s car because he had
found that the killer had escaped in a sports car after committing the crime.
Q.10: Why did Charlton give away the place where the case was deposited for which he
had committed murder?
Ans: Charlton gave away the place where the case was deposited because he had
realized that Sergeant Manning had found the gun and now he was going to
find the case, so his only chance to save his neck was to throw away suspicion
on Mr. King.
Q3: Why was everyone suspicious of Mr. King? (2019)
Ans: Everyone in White Hart Hotel was suspicious of Mr. King because of two main reasons. The first is that
he resembles with the murderer a lot as it has been broadcasted on Radio. Secondly, his behavior was so
rude with detective sergeant Manning. When Manning asked him for his room’s key then he hesitated
harshly.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The “Hostile Witness” is written by ____________.
D.Y. Morgan Martin Johnson Florenz Ziegfeld Howard Thurston

2. The white Hart Hotel is in ____________.

Cairo Cape town Kirkby Chicago

3. ____________ was the hotel’s man of all work.

King Charlton Abbott Carter

4. King wanted to have a ____________ before diner.

Biscuit Apple Cold drink Banana

5. Carton put the case behind the ____________ desk.

Reception School Office Showroom

6. Charlton went out ____________ the armchair.

Along Of In On

7. King was glad to relax after several hours of ____________.

Writing Reading Riding Driving

8. Mr. Abbot employed Charlton for only a couple of ____________.

Days Weeks Months Years

9. King took the west road from Carter bar down to ____________.
Darlington Durbey New York Moscow

10. There was a robbery with ____________ at Newcastle.

Murmur Murder Donation Function

11. Carter and Johnson arrived at the hotel that evening from ____________.
Newcastle Oxford New York Tokyo

12. Ar. Abbott heard about the robbery and murder in the ____________ news.
Three O’ Clock Four O’ Clock Five O’ Clock Six o’ Clock

13. ____________ men were taking the weekly pay to a factory.

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Two Three Four Five

14. The two men were robbed of the ____________ wages.

Quarterly Yearly Monthly Weekly

15. Thousands of ____________ were robbed by the robber.

Riyals Pounds Dollars Rupees

16. Charlton said that that sort of thing could happen in ____________.
Britain America Japan Russia

17. The murderer was medium height and ____________.

Build Building Weakness Blindness

18. The murderer wore horn rimmed glassed, grey suit and ____________.
A black hat A yellow cap A grey felt turban A grey felt hat

19. King asked if the murderer removes his ____________.

Moustache Car Chair Bottle

20. Mr. Manning showed Mr. Abbott his official ____________.

Visa Motorbike Card Cap

21. Charlton was very excited to see a real ____________.

Detective Manger Shopkeeper Capain

22. Mr. Manning was interested to check the ____________ of the guests.
Pockets Luggage Reports Statements

23. Johnson and Carter gave their ____________ to Mr. Manning immediately.
Papers Keys Mobile phones Radios

24. Babby means ____________.

Policeman Barber Singer Dancer

25. ____________ chambers of the magazine were empty.

Two Three Four Five

26. Charlton’s real name is ____________.

Martin Charlton Norman Charlton Howard Charlton Clyde Charlton

27. John Edward Robson was killed in ____________.

Chinatown Missouri Moorish Castles Newcastle

The English Language

Q1: Why does English have such a large vocabulary? (2014)
Ans: The reason of English language for having such a large vocabulary is the migration of
different nations in England during various eras. At first, the languages of Angles and Saxons
mixed to form Ango-Saxon England. After that, the Normans from France and Vikings from Iceland
invaded England. In this way French and Icelandic words were added to the English Language.

Miracle of Radio
Q1: How can radio be considered a miracle? (2018)
Ans: Before radio was invented there was no way to send signals to a large distance and there was
not any possible way to inform the people about something in a short period of time. The
invention of radio made it possible to communicate effectively. After its invention, the Television,
Telephone and Cellphones were designed which were based on the same principle.

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ENGLISH
XI

Compiled By: Engineer Nasim Zulfiqar

TWO-ONE ACT PLAY

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THE COUNT’S REVENGE

“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”
Q1: Why and from whom did the Count of Monte Cristo want to take revenge? OR What was the past
story of Count of Monte Cristo? OR Who brought about the disgrace of the Count of Morcerf and why?
(2018/2016/2015/2013/2009)
Ans: The count of Monte Cristo, formerly known as Edmond Dantes, was a sailor before and his shop
docked at Marseilles after a long voyage. He wanted to marry a beautiful Catalan girl named Mercedes.
There was a fisherman, Fernand Mondego, who also wanted to marry Mercedes. So, Fernand Mondego
hatched a conspiracy with his friend and proved Edmond Dantes a spy of exiled French emperor Napoleon
Bonaparte. Edmond Dantes was sent to and underground dungeon for life time imprisonment. He passed
fourteen years there and somehow he escaped from the prison and became so rich. For this reason, he
wanted to take revenge from the Count of Morcerf formerly known as Fernand Mondego.
‘An evil doer is always punished.’
Q2: What charges were leveled against the count of Morcerf? (2016/2013/2010)
Ans: In 1823, when the Count of Morcerf was a captain in French army, he surrendered the fortress of
Yanina to Turks after taking bribe. He proved guilty in the chamber of deputies. Firstly, he denied the
charge but at the same moment a woman was brought there who was a live evident of the incident.
Q3: ‘The Count of Morcerf was a villain through and through.’ Support the statement by textual
evidence. (2019/2016)
Ans: : The count of Monte Cristo, formerly known as Edmond Dantes, was a sailor before and his shop
docked at Marseilles after a long voyage. He wanted to marry a beautiful Catalan girl named Mercedes.
There was a fisherman, Fernand Mondego, who also wanted to marry Mercedes. So, Fernand Mondego
hatched a conspiracy with his friend and proved Edmond Dantes a spy of exiled French emperor Napoleon
Bonaparte. Edmond Dantes was sent to and underground dungeon for life time imprisonment. He passed
fourteen years there. In this way, we can conclude that the Count of Morcerf was an antagonist through
and through.
Q4: Why did Albert challenge the count of Monte Cristo to fight a duel? OR What were Albert’s plan to
avenge the family honor? (2017/2014/2012/2009)
Ans: When Albert came to know that the Count of Monte Cristo was responsible for his father’s disgrace.
Beauchamp told Albert that the Count of Monte Cristo was the same person who published the articles
about treachery of the Count of Morcerf in his newspaper. After knowing these facts, Albert challenged the
count of Monte Cristo a duel to avenge the honor of his family.
Q5: Why does the Countess of Morcerf visit the house of the Count of Monte Cristo? OR Was the visit of
the Countess of Morcerf to the house of the Count of Monte Cristo successful? Discuss. OR Why did
Albert not fight a duel with the Count of Monte Cristo? (2018/2012/2011/2010)
Ans: When the Countess of Morcerf came to know that her son, Albert, challenged the Count of Monte
Cristo to fight a duel with him then she visited the palace of the Count of Monte Cristo in Champs Elyssess
to beg for the life of her son from him. This visit was quite successful as the Countess of Morcerf came to
know about the villainy of her husband and she told everything to Albert after getting back home. Albert
made his mind not to fight a duel and beg for forgiveness from the Count of Monte Cristo.
Q6: What does the Count of Morcerf say when the Count of Monte Cristo discloses his identity? (2011)
Ans: When the Count of Monte Cristo disclosed his identity in front of the Count of Morcerf, the Count of
Morcerf started laughing in a hysterical way and said that: ‘It feels like you have come from the tomb, I will
send you to the tomb again.’

Q7: What are two dominating qualities of Albert? (2017)

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Ans: The first dominating quality of Albert was his bravery and boldness. When he came to know that his
friend the Count of Monte Cristo was the one who disgraced his family, Albert at once decided to fight a
duel with him in spite of the marksman skills of the Count of Monte Cristo.
The second quality of Albert is his dignified attitude towards family honor. He did not anyway compromise
on this matter.
Q8: Why did the Count of Monte Cristo write his will? (2019)
Ans: In the end of Scene II, the count of Monte Cristo wrote his will and got it signed by Morrel and
Bertuccio. He has done this because of the meeting with the countess of Morcerf. She begged him to
forgive her son and hindered him to kill Albert. The count of Monte Cristo promised that he will shoot the
first fire in air and on Albert’s turn, he will be shot. So, he prepared his will because he knew that he was
going to die in the morning.

“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The Count’s Revenge is a ______________.
Lyrical Ballad Tragedy Melodrama None of than

2. The story of count’s Revenge is based on ______________.

Monte Cristo Morcerf Beauchamp Albert

3. The count’s Revenge is written by ______________.

St.J. Ervine J.H Walsh Hope D.Y Morgan

4. Scene I of the play “The Count’s Revenge” is picturized in the house of ________.
Count of MorcerfCount of Monte Cristo Beauchamp Morret

5. The house of count of Morcerf is situated in ______________.

Rue du Helder Tokyo Champs Elysces Columbia

6. The real name of Count of Morcerf is ______________.

Edmond Dantes Fernaned Mondego Mercedes

7. The real name of Count of Monte Cristo is ______________.

Edmond Dantes Fernaned Mondego Mercedes

8. The real name of countess of Morcerf is ______________.

Edmond Dantes Fernand Mondego Mercedes

9. ______________ is publicly disgraced in the play.

Monte Cristo Morcerf Albert Counters

10. ______________ conducted the enquiry of Albert’s father.

President Judge Monte Cristo Editor

11. ______________ give the report of Morecf’s disgrace Albert.

Monte Cristo Beauchamp Morrel Bertuccio

12. Count of Morcerf received the bribe in ______________ year.

1823 1923 1832 1888

13. Albert’s father arrived punctually in the chamber of deputies at ______________

O’clock.
8 7 9 10

14. In 1823, Morcerf was the ______________ of French Army.

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Captain Soldier Lieutenant Leader

15. In 1823, he (Morcerf) received the bribe from ______________.

Germany Dutch Turks Red Indians

16. Fortress of ______________ was given up in the play.

Yanina Cernogratz Zenda Strelsa

17. ______________ is the heroin of the play.”The count’s Revenge”.

Mercedes Princess Flavia Helga Mrs Meldon

18. ______________ is the hero of the play “.The count’s Revenge”.

Albert Monte Cristo Morce Morrel

19. ______________ is the villain of the play “The count’s Revenge”.

Albert Beauchamp Morcerf Monte

20. Beauchamp was the editor of ______________ newspaper.

Paris London Dawn NEWS

21. ______________ came at the eleventh hour of the enquiry.

Mercedes Strange Lady Albert

22. Albert’s father is condemned as a ______________.

Traitor Patriot Loyal Modest

23. Albert’s made a plan to leave ______________.

Paris London Scot land England

24. ______________ inserted the paragraph in the newspaper against Morcerf.

Monte Albert Beauchamp Morel

25. Albert accompanied with Monte Cristo was in ______________ on holidays.

Switzerland Paris Normandy Murcc

26. The charges against Morcerf were appeared in ______________ newspapers.

1 2 4 3

27. My father disgrace is mine said______________.

Albert Beauchamp Morel

28. That is indeed singular and that you have mentioned it said ______________.
Countess Morcerf Albert None of them

29. ______________ did not accept refreshment of any kind what so ever.
Morcerf Albert Monte Cristo Morel

30. An eye for an eye, a tooth for tooth is a rule followed by______________.
Morcerf Albert Monte Cristo None of them

31. ______________ entered in the house after the departure of Monte Cristo in scene I.
Morcerf Beauchamp Morel

32. ______________ discovered the name of Morcerf’s persecutor.

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Monte Cristo Morcerf Beauchamp

33. Albert’s chose ______________ to be his second.

Beauchamp Monte Morel None of them

34. In ______________ custom. They never back the bread id the house of their deadly
enemy.
Arab Hindus Christian Jervs

35. The house of count of Monte Cristo is in ______________.

North of England The champs Elyses Rue-du-Helder Scotland

36. In scene II, the centre of ______________was occupied by Monte.

House Room Courtyard

37. Monte Cristo called Morrel to be his ______________.

Helper Second Partner

38. ______________ came to the house of Monte Cristo to issue the challenge.
Albert Beauchamp Albert and Beauchamp

39. It is settled that both the parties will use ______________ in the duel.
Swords Pistol Bombs

40. Duel will be fought at ______________.

Rue-du-Helder Champs Elyses Bois-de-Yinceness

41. Monte Cristo made it clear before Morrel that I would kill Albert before
______________O’ Clock.
9 10 8 7

42. ______________ sent strange lady to the witness box and inserted the paragraphs
too.
Monte Cristo Morel Beauchamp Countess

43. The name of the veiling lady who entered in the house is ______________.
Helga Mauban Countess of Morcerf

44. Morel went to the house of ______________ after the departure by the house of
Monte.
Beauchamp Albert His own house

45. Countess visited the house of Monte Cristo to beg the life of ______________.
Son Daughter Husband

46. Countess and Monte Cristo were formerly ______________.

Friends Couple Betrothed

47. I have sought no quarrel with you son said ______________.

Morcerf Beauchamp Monte Cristo

48. In the past, Morcerf was a ______________.

Fisherman Business man Sailor

49. In the past, Monte was a ______________.

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Fisherman Business man Sailor

50. In the past, Monte lived in ______________.

Marseilles Paris Champs Elysees

51. The name of the Catalan girl was ______________.

Counters of Morcerf Mercedes Helga Flavia

52. ______________ hatched the devilish plot against Monte Cristo.

Morcerf Albert Beauchamp

53. Monte Cristo spent ______________ years of his life in an underground dungeon.
14 7 20

54. “Fourteen years is a large slice from man’s life” said______________.

Morcerf Monte Counters

55. Edmond Dantes escaped from ______________ after fourteen years.

Dungeon Prison Jail

56. Edmond Dantes promised Mrs. Meldon to spare the life of ______________.
Morcerf Bertuccio Albert

57. Albert and Monte had to meet at bois-de-Vincennes at ______________ O’ clock.

8 9 10

58. Monte Cristo was a good ______________.

Marksman Business Husband

59. After the departure of a countess, Monte Cristo prepared his ______________.
Will Paper Garments Consent

60. ______________ were the witness of Morcerf’s will .

Morel and Albert Morel and Bertuccio Albert and Bertuccio

61. Scene II of the play “The count’s Revenge” is occurred in ______________.

Morcerf Counters Monte Cristo

62. “Because his safety will be purchased by the death of an honorable man” said
______________.
Morcerf Beauchamp Countess

63. ______________ entered in the house first in scene III.

Beauchamp Monte Albert

64. ______________ is a poor man. According to countess.

Morcerf Morel Monte Cristo

65. ______________ came to the house of Monte Cristo last night.

Morcerf Albert Morel Countess

66. ______________came first in the bois-de-Vincennes.

Albert Beauchamp Monte Cristo

67. ______________ humbly begged pardon to Monte.

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Morcerf Countess Albert

68. Count of Monte Cristo and Albert ______________ together.

Break fasted Dinned Lunched

69. All revoir mean ______________.

Good Morning Good Dusk Good Noon Good Bye

70. According to Morcerf his son is ______________

Timid Coward Brave Nobel

71. Morcerf carried ______________ to kill Monte Cristo.

Pistol Knife Dagger

72. In the last, countess fainted and she was caught by ______________.
Albert Beauchamp Monte

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PROGRESS
“QUESTIONS & ANSWERS”
Q1: Was Mrs. Meldon justified to kill her brother? Give reasons for your answer? (2016/2015/2012)
Ans: In my opinion, Mrs. Meldon was not justified in killing her brother as it was an illegal and
inhuman act to kill any person without a genuine reason. Discovering a bomb and patenting it for a
large amount of money is not a crime. Mrs. Meldon should not have taken such a cruel step of
stabbing a person to death for discovering a bomb. Actually, Mrs. Meldon was so sensitive and
touchy woman and she wanted to stop the horrors of warfare so she committed such an unethical
act but in any case we can’t break the law. If the law is broken anyhow, then you’re mistaken. As
per above mentioned facts, I assure that she was not justified in killing her brother.
‘Killing an innocent person is killing the whole humanity.’
Q2: How could Professor Henry Corrie’s invention revolutionize warfare? OR What expectation did Henry
Corrie have for his invention? OR Describe the Corrie’s bomb. (2019/2018/2017/2016/2012/2009)
Ans: Dr. Henry Corrie was a tyrant but a very intelligent scientist. He invented a big bomb full of
corrosive gases and explosive chemicals that could destroy the population of whole city as big as
Manchester. Corrie wanted to revolutionize warfare by means of his bomb because it will end up
the war very quickly. According to him, when the bomb will be dropped via any airplane or airship
then it would destroy a wide tract of district within no time and at the same time the bomb will
release odorless and colorless gases that will rot the bodies of those who inhale it.
‘I don’t know with which weapons the third world war will be fought, but the fourth world war will be
fought by means of sticks and stones.’ –Albert Einstein
Q3: What opinion does Mrs. Meldon hold about war? OR What is an ‘Organized butchery’ of young boys
according to Mrs. Meldon? OR Why was Mrs. Meldon against Henry Corrie’s invention?
(2019/2017/2015/2014/2013/2011/2009)
Ans: Mrs. Meldon hates warfare and concludes it as an organized butchery of boys where beloved
sons of their mothers are slaughtered by enemies. The bereaved mother then suffers a long period
of pain. Mrs. Meldon wanted to end up the war and she decided to take sides against those men
who are working to make war really horrible. This extreme feeling of her hatred for war can be
clearly reflected in the last moment of the play when she kills her only brother, Henry Corrie, who
wanted to make war more disastrous by means of his devastating bomb.
‘War is itself a problem and it can never solve problems.’ –Sahir Ludhyanwi
Q4: What should be the formula of victory in wars, according to Professor Henry Corrie? OR What
opinion does Professor Henry Corrie hold about war? (2010/2015)
Ans: Henry Corrie had a view that wars can never be end because human beings are all too
pugnacious and they are always ready to fight and make wars with each other. He thinks that the
only way to hinder the nations from engaging in warfare is to make war so horrible that no nation
could think to server their energies in battle. He also wanted to make war expeditious so that it can
be ended in a short period of time unlike the First World War which went on for a ridiculous period.
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Corrie suggests that during wars first blow should be so powerful that the contender immediately
succumbs to it. That’s the formula of victory in war according to him. For the same reasons, he
developed a bomb to revolutionize warfare.
‘I don’t know with which weapons the third world war will be fought, but the fourth world war will be
fought by means of sticks and stones.’ –Albert Einstein
Q5: What are the views of Henry Corre about women? Is he justified? (2013/2011)
Ans: Henry Corrie was a misogamist, he hated women a lot that’s why he remained a bachelor in
spite of being an old age person. He says that women are so extra-ordinary in a negative sense,
they lack in concentration and application. They can’t devote themselves for any cause. That’s
why no women can ever be a great artist or scientist. In my opinion, Henry Corrie was utterly
wrong and his statement is so extreme being a misogamist. There are a lot of women in every
walk of life who make remarkable progress.
‘There is color in the picture of Universe due to the existence of women.’ –Allama Iqbal
Q6: Who was Tom? How did he die? (2012)
Ans: Tom was the father of Eddie and husband of Mrs. Meldon. He loved his son a lot. When
Eddie enlisted himself as a soldier in British army and after that he was killed in France by means
of a shell then Tom could not bear the news of his son’s death. Due to extreme attachment of Tom
with his son, he got died due to heart attack when he came to know about the death of his only
son, Eddie.
‘War seems to me an organized butchery of boys.’ –Mrs. Meldon
Q7: What did Mrs. Meldon discover on the death anniversary of her son, Eddie? (2017/2010)
Ans: Mrs. Meldon met with a man on the death anniversary of her son who was in the same battalion as
Eddie. He told Mrs. Meldon that Eddie was died due to a shell while he was in trench with other soldiers.
His body was mutilated due to the explosion of shell and so his body was not buried because there was
nothing to bury.
Q8: Who was Eddie? How did he die? (2009)
Ans: Eddie was the only son of Mrs. Meldon. He enlisted himself in the British army during the first
world war. When he became a captain, he went to the line in France where he was hiding in a
trench with other soldiers. After a few days, a shell came right into the middle of the trench which
killed all those who were hiding in it. The bomb utterly obliterated Eddie and his comrades.
‘War seems to me an organized butchery of boys.’ –Mrs. Meldon
Q9: Why did Mrs. Meldon call herself the most lonely woman? (2018)
Ans: Mrs. Meldon calls herself the most lonely woman because she was a bereaved mother whose only
son, Eddie, died in the battle field during the first world war. She was also a widow. Her husband, Tom,
died due to a heart attack. She left with her only brother but he was utterly absorbed in his scientific
experiments. Hence, she consider herself the most lonely woman in the entire world. She shows her
feeling by exclaiming that:
‘I am the most lonely woman, cruelly alone.’

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“Multiple Choice Questions”

1. The play “Progress” is written by ____________.
J.H Walsh St .J. Ervine D.Y. Morgan Shakespeare

2. The play “Progress” is picturized in the study room of ____________.

Prof Henry Corrie Mrs. Meldon Morcerf Amalie

3. Prof Henry Corrie was a ____________.

Scientist Lawyer Clergyman Teacher

4. Prof Henry Corrie lives in the remote village of ____________.

England America Japan Germany

5. The scene is in a ------- day in the year 1919.

Spring Summer Autumn Winter

6. Prof Henry Corrie was aged about____________.

50-60 55-60 60-65 40-50

7. Mrs. Meldon was the ____________ of Prof Henry Corrie.

Sister Wife Cousin Maid

8. Hannah was the ____________ of Prof Henry Corrie.

Sister Wife Cousin Maid

9. Prof had cold humorless eyes and thick____________.

Moustaches Hair Neck Beard

10. Human being had no value before____________.

Professor Hannah Mrs. Meldon Tom

11. Professor did not go to receive Mrs. Meldon at ____________.

Sister Bus stop Hospital Airport

12. The drawing room was so ____________.

Chill Hot Cold None of them

13. Mrs. Meldon came back to the house along with ____________.
Professor Marshall Tom Meldon Hannah

14. The real name of Mrs. Meldon is ____________.

Sardolla Flavia Mercedes Charlotte

15. The name of Mrs. Meldon’s husband was ____________.

Tom Meldon John Meldon’s Kims Meldon John

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16. Eddie was the son of ____________.
Tom Meldon Mrs. Meldon Professor Tom & Mrs. Meldon

17. Eddie was victimized in ____________.

First world war Second world war Ceriman war None of them

18. Professor was _________at the age of 60.

Married Widower Bachelor None of them

19. Professor did not go to receive Mrs. Meldon in order to attend ____________.
Assembly Wedding Experiment Funeral

20. Eddie was the ____________ of Prof Henry Corrie.

Cousin Nephew Brother Son

21. It is the ____________ anniversary of Eddie.

First Second Third Forth

22. Mrs. Meldon was in ____________ clothes.

White Pink Brown Black

23. Mrs. Meldon always talks about her____________.

Gain Lost Money Power

24. Prof always talks about his ____________.

Bomb Money Fame Power

25. Mrs. Meldon is ____________ year old.

40 50 35 36

26. Mrs. Meldon orders ____________ to bring the wreath.

Gage Hannah Henry Corrie None of them

27. Prof Henry Corrie believed in keeping ____________ to himself.

Plans Ideas Principles Secrets

28. Prof Corrie will first offer his invention to ____________ Government.
British German France American

29. Prof was a ____________ person.

Religious Greedy Fanatic Gunning

30. ____________invented the bomb in 1st world war.

Mill Corrie Dalton Faraday

31. Eddie was the student of ____________.

Cambridge Oxford Harvard Eton

32. Mrs. Meldon met ____________ in the city.

Young man Old man C.O George

33. Hannah took Eddie wreath in the ____________.

Kitchen Drawing room Park Garden

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34. According to Prof his invention is ____________.
Humanitarian Spiral Cultural Expensive

35. ____________was not the good substitute of Eddie.

Tom Meldon Prof Corrie

36. Eddie was killed at the age of ____________.

20 17 19 21

37. ____________ wrote a letter about the death of Eddie.

C.O Young man Leader General

38. He wrote Eddie was ____________ in the war.

Mutilated Destroyed Buried Saved

39. According to Prof, we human being are too ____________about war.

Fond Pugnacious Afraid of Conscious

40. The name of the gardener is ____________.

Gage George Eddie Tom

41. ____________arranges the tea table before Mrs. Meldon.

Hannah Gage George Professor

42. According to Prof Henry Corrie his bomb will revolutionize ____________.
Harbor Warfare World Industry

43. Mrs. Meldon considers was as ____________ of boys.

Organized killing Organized service Organized butchery Organized assembly

44. Eddie and his men waited in the trench for ____________ days and night.
3 9 6 8

45. Eddie made ____________ runs in his first match.

10 8 5 12

46. According to Prof Henry Corrie one bomb is sufficient to wipe out the population
of a city like____________.
Landon Paris Manchester Durham

47. The Japanese declared war against____________.

Russian Chinese Indians Dutch

48. Corrie bomb wouldn’t have no ____________ and color.

Taste Smell Fragrance Beauty

49. Eddie was a ____________ on his second leave.

C.O Soldier Captain Leader

50. Mrs. Meldon killed Henry Corrie by ____________.

Knife Dagger Pistol Bomb

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ENGLISH
XI

Compiled By: Engineer Nasim Zulfiqar

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STORY
A Wood Cutter And the God Mercury
Once there was a wood-cutter. He went to the jungle, cut wood, sold it in
the market and the thus fed his children. One day he was cutting some wood on
the bank of a river, his axe slipped and fell into the river. He was very sad. The
god Mercury appeared. He asked him. “Why are you very sad”? The wood-cutter
said. “I have lost my axe with which I earned my daily bread”. The god was
moves. He dived into the deep water and brought out a golden axe. The
woodcutter refused to own it. The god dives again and brought out another axe
made was not so beautiful. “The wood cutter refused saying”. My axe was not
beautiful. “The god dived for the third time and brought out an axe made of iron.
The wood-cutter was delighted to his honesty that he gave him the other two axes
also, as reward for his honesty.

Moral: Honesty is the best policy.

An Old Man And His Sons

An old man had three sons. They always quarreled among themselves. The
old man tried to better their relations nut in vain. At last the old man fell ill. He
was nearly on his death bed. All the sons gathered round his bed. He asked them
to bring a bundle of stick. They obeyed him. He then asked them one by one to
break the bundle. Every one of them tried his best but to no purpose. None of
them could break the bundle. The old man smiled at their failure. He told them
to tie the bundle and breaks the sticks one by one. It was quite easy now. Even
the youngest son broke the sticks easily. The old man called his sons nearer and
said, “Union is strength.” The words were few but that had a good effect upon
them. They began to live in peace and happiness after his death.

Moral: Union is strength

A Hare And Tortoise

Once a hare and a tortoise were fast friends. They always live together.
Once the hare was in a good mood. He made fun of his heavy pace simply to
tease him. The tortoise took it ill and challenged him to run a race. The swift-
footed hare laughed at challenge. He accepted it. Time day and the track were
fixed. One the appointed day they lined up on the starting point. One of them
said. “One, two and three” and they started. The hare took a few hops and was
soon far ahead of the tortoise. He lay under a cool, shady but steadily. He passed
the sleeping hare. The tortoise was near the winning post when the hare woke.

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He run as fast as his legs could carry him nut in vain. The tortoise had reached
the winning post before him. The hare was ashamed and never again made fun of
his friend.

Moral: Slow and steady wins the Race.

The King And the Spider

King Robert Bruce rules over Scotland. Once he was defeated by the
English. He ran for his dear life. His enemies following him. He hid himself in a
cave. When he was lying there, he saw a spider that fell from its web. It tried nine
times. But failed. The king though that the spider would try no more no more.
But it tried once again. This time it reached its web. It gave the king a new hope.
He said to himself. “When this small insect can succeed by trying again and
again, why should not I try once again and succeed”? He came out of the cave.
He gathered a large army and attacked the English. This time they fought very
bravely and defeated them.
Moral:
(i) Try, Try again (ii) Never lose heart.

A Foolish Stag
Once a stag was drinking water at a pool. He saw his reflection in the clear
water of the pool. He was greatly pleased to see his beautiful horn. He said in his
mind. “How beautiful my horn are!” Suddenly he caught sight of his thin and
ugly legs. He felt sad to see them. He said to himself. “How unlucky. I am to have
such thin and ugly legs! Would that my legs were as beautiful as my horns! As he
stood there thinking sadly, he saw some hounds coming towards him. He ran to
save his life. His nimble legs, which he hated so much, carried him away from the
hounds. Unfortunately his horns were caught in a bush. He tried hard to free
himself but in vain. Soon the hounds came up and killed him
Moral: (i) Do not find fault with the ways of God
(ii) all that Glitters is not gold.

The Hidden Treasure

Once there lives a farmer in a certain village. He had four sons. They were
all very lazy. They always quarreled with one another. Their bad habits were a
great cause of trouble for the old famer. He longed to see them live in peace but
they always threw cold water on his hopes. He very anxious to shake off their
laziness. But he did not find such chances till he fell seriously ill. When he was
at the point of death, he sent for his sons. When they came to him he said. “My
boys, a large treasure lies hidden in our field. But I am sorry I cannot tell you the
exact place where it is buried, for I don’t remember it, you can find it, if you try”.
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Saying this, the old farmer breathed his last, after a few days, they decided to
find out the treasure. They turned up every nook and corner of the field to a great
depth. But they did not know that their field had become very fertile by their
thorough search of the treasure. They sowed the seeds and got very rich harvest.
They sold it in the market and got immense wealth. This was the treasure
referred to by their father. It was then that they realized how hard work pays in the
long run, & they got rid of their laziness forever.
Moral: No pains no gains.

A Farmer And His Daughter

A famer had a daughter. She was very imaginative. Once her father gave
her a bucket full of milk. She was to take it to the market for selling milk. On the
was, her imagination started working. She thought there would be a great rush of
buyers. Milk would be sold at once and to would bring a lot of money. With that
money, she felt that after a few years, her father would become very rich. Many
offers for her marriage would come to him. She tossed her head and said the she
would refuse them all like that. As she tossed her head, the bucket fell down and
milk was all spilt on the ground. She was very sad but nothing could be done
then.

Moral: Do not build castles in the air.

A Strange Hen
There lives a greedy man in a village. He had a strange hen, it daily laid an egg of
solid gold. He sold the egg at a very high price. Within a few days, he became very rich.
The people were very much impressed by his riches. He was respected everywhere. But
as time passed, he became more and more greedy. He was so impatient that he could not
wait for several months. He did not wait for the egg o come out on by one. He thought of
a plan to fulfill his desire. He wanted to become rich at once, One day he killed the hen.
He wanted to get all the eggs at once. He opened the stomach of the hen and looked for
the egg. He was much surprised to find no egg in the stomach at all. Now he relished his
folly. He repented but he could never get such eggs in future.

Moral: (i) Tit for tat.

(ii) As you sow, so shall you reap.

The Fox And The Goat

Once a fox fell into well. He did not know how to come out. The well was shallow,
but he could not get out of it. By chance, a goat passed that way. She looked into
the well. She was surprised to find the fox there/ she said to the fox. “Hello! What

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are you doing here”? The fox replied. “Dear, the water of this well is very sweet. I
daily com there to drink it. So did not stop to think but jumped into the well. The
fox at once got realized her folly. She requested the fox to help her out. The fox
said, “Why did you jump into the well if you could not come out? Now go on
crying your master will come to get you out. In the meantime, you may enjoy the
sweet water of the well. Goodbye! “Saying this the fox ran onto the jungle and the
goat was left in trouble.

Moral: (i) Look before you leap.

(ii) Haste makes waste.

Two friends And The Bear

Two friends lives in a village. They often bragged about true and sincere
friendship. One day they set for another village. On the way they passed through
a forest. When they were walking through the forest, they saw a bear coming to
their direction, at a distance. One of them hurriedly climbed up the tree and did
not bother about the other. The friend who could not climb up the tree lay on the
grass quite breathless like a dead man. After sometime the bear same near him
and smelt him. The bear thought him dead and took his way.

When the bear went away, the selfish friend came down from the tree and
went to his friend. He asked what bear had told him in his ear. The other friend
was a wise fellow and he replied that the hear had told him that a friend in need
is a friend indeed. Since that day he never to his selfish friend who left him in the
trouble.

Moral: A Friend In Need Is A Friend Indeed.

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OFFICIAL LETTERS
Write a letter to the Director of the Corporation complaining about a heap
of garbage nears your residence.

Examination Hall,
City A.B.C
July, 22.2012

The Director,
Karachi Metropolitan Corporation,
Karachi.

Sir,

I would like to draw your attention towards our important problem. I know that
you are doing a lot for betterment of health of masses and housing conditions in
and around the city but my problem needs your personal and considerate
attention. In fact there is a heap of garbage near my residence and it has made
our life miserable.

All the residents and sweeper throw the garbage near my house and it had
become a filth depot. In the day time the garbage spreads in the street and gives
bad smell. It became home of mosquitoes and flies. They carry the germs and
spread diseases. My younger son and daughter are always ill because of it.

This heap of garbage has become a grave risk to our lives. Whenever a complaint
is lodged, the concerned staff does not pay any heed which is a usual habit or
just do nominal work. It requires a permanent and immediate solution. It is
requested not to delay this matter which is going ruin our health.

I, therefore, would like to request you to consider my request sympathetically and

issue orders to remove this heap of garbage.

I will be grateful to you far this act of kindness.

Yours Faithfully,
X. Y. Z

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Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, expressing the need for opening
a girls’ college in your town.

Examination Hall,
City A.B.C
July, 22.2012

The Editor,
The Pakistan Times,
Karachi.

Sir,

I request you to publish the following letter in your esteemed daily. The matter is
of public importance.

We, the residents of new garden Town feel great inconvenience because of the
lack of a college for girls in our Town. There are two girls high school in the town.
The students after passing the matriculation Examination find it very hard to go
for further education. They are rather going to Govt. College Model Town, or Govt.
College jail Road, Lahore.
They have to travel long distance to attend the colleges. A lot of their time is
wasted in going to and coming back from colleges. The timings of the buses do
not suit the students. They have to wait for long hours and when the bus is late,
they invariably marked absent in the college register. They have to pay huge
sums of money every month as fine. If they reside in the boarding house, the
expenses are so high that parents cannot afford them. Some very bright girls
have to give up education because of the lack of education facilities.

We therefore, request the education authorities to open a college at new garden

Town, so that the national talent should not go waste.

Yours Faithfully,
X. Y. Z

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To Municipal authorities for the provision of children Parks at suitable

places in your city.

Examination Hall,
City A.B.C
July, 22.2012

The Lord Mayor,

Karachi Metropolitan,
Karachi,

Sir,

I would like to bring certain to your notice and hope you will agree with me. The
population of our locality is rapidly increasing. There is almost an explosion and
to cope with this situation a good number of children and Public Parks have
become a necessity. It needs hardly he emphasized that a public parks is
essential for the health and recreation of the residents. These are eespecially
necessary for the growing children.

Many times we have approached the Municipal authorities in this connection but
our proposal was out into cold storage on once pretext or another, in spite of the
fact that a very suitable piece of land is available for laying over the much needed
park.

I therefore earnestly request you to take this urgent matter up and get this
proposal approved by the Municipal Corporation by taking personal interest in it.

We, the resident of Karim Park will be highly grateful to you for this act of
kindness.

Yours Faithfully,
X. Y. Z

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Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper giving your views on smoking.

The Editor,
Karachi Metropolitan,
Karachi.

Sir,

Through the columns of you esteemed paper I would like to express my views
sweet poison which people dearly cherish and buy with their hard earned money.
I point to the perils of smoking which is increasing monstrously in our all layers
of society, especially the younger generations. It contains a number of fatal
poisons like nicotine which are sucked in rather purchased without any
consideration of the consequence.

Although it is a word out subject, but still it needs a continuous struggle against
this national menace. Each packet of cigarettes does contain an instruction or
earning that smoking is injurious to health, but it seems to have no deterrent
effect. Therefore it needs a large-scale campaign on all levels, depicting out the
injuries glaringly which the smoking is highly to incur. It is a curse.

In my view, we should combat it by placing strict limitations on smoking in all

places where people assemble as cinema-houses, auditorium halls, parks and
gardens, within the precincts of all educational institution. Hospitals, clinics,
offices of Government departments and private enterprises, entertainment halls
etc. beside, the students should be made aware of its dangers by prominent
people, by lectures, and the display of actual films on afflicted persons.

Smoking not only sucks the robust health of the people, destroys the vitality and
ultimately damages the brain, effects the lunges and gives rise to the chronic
diseases like cancer etc. The publicity and advertisement campaigns by the
cigarette manufacturers must be curtailed. Government will have to decide to
choose the national health of her citizens or the revenue collected from the
cigarette manufacturing companies.

In the end, I would like to appeal to the learned people to come forward and make
the campaign a complete success.

Yours Faithfully,
X. Y. Z

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Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper discussing the evil of bribery in
Pakistan.

Examination Hall,
City (A. B. C)
July, 22.2012

The Editor,
The daily Jang,
Karachi.

Sir,

I would like to express my views through the column of your esteemed paper on
the vicious circle of bribery. This evil is widely and shamelessly rampant I our
country. There seems no period vacant from this evil in the history of the
country. According to the experts, the evil of bribery has ever been present in the
world in one form or another.

In the present era, the evil of bribery is more evidently present in the developing
countries. However bribery has appeared not from any void, but it takes its roots
from the society concerned. Bribery is the result of red tapism, meager salaries,
lustful activities, materialistic inclinations, every-growing desires and finally lack
of contentment and lack of deep sense of religious injunctions.

The solution lies in the sole implementation of Islamic laws in true spirit, besides
simplifying the office procedures. The deterrent lies in drastic punishment even
capital ser sence. All complaints regarding bribery should be brought to light and
cases must be decided within seven days by speedy courts.

If the concerned authorities take proper measures in this regard, this social evil
will decrease definitely.

Yours Truly,
X. Y. Z

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Write a letter to the director Telephone about Refund or Adjustment of over

bill.

Examination Hall,
City A.B.C
July, 22.2012

Divisional Engineer (Phones)

Telecommunication Region,
Karachi.

Subject: Refund or Adjustment of overpaid Bill

Dear Sir,

I regret to say that I have been receiving highly inflated bills over the past few
months. The bill I received for the month of August crossed all the limits. This
was ten times the amount I was expecting. When I complained against the bill to
your Accounts Department, I was told to deposit the requisite amount first and
then lodge a complaint. I obeyed their instructions and paid the bill.

Again for the month of September I received an excessive bill. The telephone was
locked and the house was also locked and yet I received a bill that was four times
the amount I was expecting. Now I have made another complaint will against this
bill but your department says that the complaint will be considered only after the
bill has been paid. This is really funny because no step has so far been taken on
my last complaint. I request you look into me why my bills are improbably high.

It is also requested to kindly refund or adjusts the overpaid amount against my

telephone at your earliest convenience,

Thanking you in anticipation.

Yours Sincerely
X. Y. Z

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ESSAYS
STATUS OF WOMEN IN ISLAM
In Islam women enjoy an exalted and dignified position which can never he
found in any other religion of the world. Islam bestows women a very respectable
place. Islam is the only religion that recognizes a women to be a loving daughter
of a kind father a polite wife of a loving husband, a kind-hearted mother of a good
son and a polite sister of a lovable brother. It recognizes the position of women to
be the same as the of men. It claims that both come from the same essence.

The position of the mother is very much exalted in Islamic tradition.

Prophet Muhammad (peaces be upon him) has gone so far as to say, “Paradise
lies underneath the feet of your mothers”. As regards the position of a women as
wife, the saying of the prophet (Peace be upon him) is categorical. “The best
among you is the one who is best towards his family”. With regards to women as
a daughter, the Islamic attitude can he realised from the reproaches which the
Holy Quran makes against the pagan pre-Islamic behavior at the birth of
daughters. Islam abolished all types of such disgraces.

So for as the conjugal and material life is concerned, the mutual relation of
husband and wife is described in the Holy Quran as that of a single soul in two
bodies. Islam describes the house as a unit in the greater organization of a nation
as a whole as a whole. It speaks of husband as being “an administrator and
supervisor over the people of the house” and the wife is described as
“Administrator of the house of her husband and children. They home is thus
described as a kingdom. Where authority is exercised by both the husband and
the wife within the boundaries of mutual understanding.

Islam has drawn a clear line of demarcation between the duties of men and
women in the business of their daily life. It envisages a natural division of work
between men and women. While man is best suited to fight and make his way
through the attributes, women is entrusted with the onerous task of bringing up
the younger generation because of the preponderance of the quality of love and
compassion in her. This functional division of work does not mean that women
have entirely been excluded from other kinds of activities in every sphere of life.

We come to the conclusion that Islam recommends the duties of women

mostly at home. Islam has laid greater stress on the domestic duties of a women.
Our salvation lies in following the teaching of Islam. Therefore, we must abstain
from copying the western culture blindly and must stick to our own Islamic
culture as firmly as possible.

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ISLAMIC DEMOCRACY
The modern democratic state is a type of state which came into existence in 19th
century largely as an effect of the French Revolution and the industrial Revolution of the
absolute nation-state of 16th and the 17th century. But the Islamic state came into existence
in the 7th century as an effect of the greatest Revolution of the world which was not only
political and economic but also social and ethical.

Islam revolutionized every aspect of human life. So, Islamic democracy in its
connotation is wider than western democracy. It means not only political equality but also
social equality. In Islamic society all are equal. There is no class division or distinctions of
birth and social position/ all member of the society enjoy equal status and position. The only
criterion of superiority in Islamic society is personal ability and character. Allah says. “O
mankind! I created you out of a single pair of a male and a female, the most honored of you
in the sight of Allah is the who is the most righteous of you”.

The Holy prophet said. “No one is superior to another except n point of faith and piety.
All men are descended from Adam and Adam was made of clay. Is Islam the concept of
human brotherhood and equality is vital and basic. The lowest of the low must have the
same right as the highest of the high the President of the Republic. The first effective
Endeavour of Islam to establish social equilibrium is its emphasis on equality. The Holy
Prophet said. “All men are equal in their human rights”.

In Islamic society everyone has got a right for equal opportunities of progress; the
restricted scope for personal achievement is the hall-mark of Islamic society. Islam not only
emphasizes social equality, but also bans such attitude and activities as are likely to disturb
social harmony. Democracy in capitalistic countries grants simply equal political right so,
through manipulation of the non-restricted freedom, the capitalists make masses their wag
slave. It results in mockery and force. All the wealth and resources under a capitalistic
democracy are concentrated in the hands of few capitalistic. They through their money power
turn the state into servant of their interests as against the interest of the general masses.
This dangerous possibility is not expected to occur in the Islamic state.

In capitalistic society, money determines one’s place in society. This is against the
spirit of Islam. In a true Islamic society no man can lord over others merely on the strength
of a swollen purse. Islam cut the very root of the possibility of economic exploitation by
prohibiting vested interest, hoarding, profiteering, by imposing Zakat and by declaring that
all that is in the heaven and the earth belongs to god alone.

Islam ensures social justice and economic security for all by a comprehensive system
of check and balances on the sources of income, the means of living and the avenues of
expenditure. It thus acts as a preventive check on the capitalistic tendencies and evils. Islam
also enunciates its scheme of economic freedom and security through its scheme of equitable
distribution of wealth and resources. It declares the state ownership of all natural resources.

Right to private property is no doubt recognized by Islam, but it is hedged round by

salutary checks. Islam imposed heavy social responsibilities on the rich. There is a warning
for serious punishment in store for those who abuse their riches to the detriment of society.
It has declared that all authority belongs to entitled to exercise that authority. No nobility, no
priest has any discriminating privilege. Thus political equality or rule of law of capitalistic
democracy is also fully secured in Islam.
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FEMALE EDUCATION
The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. Women should be educated like men,
otherwise. There can be no peace and no progress. If you yoke an unbroken horse with a
highly trained one, the carriage will be dashed to pieces, and the occupant’s lives will be
endangered. They cannot pull on they will pull in different direction. The family peace cannot
be preserved with such ill matched lifelong companions.

Napoleon was once asked what the greatest need of France was. He unhesitatingly
answered. Mothers national progress if impossible without trained and educated mothers. It
is well said that if you train a women, you train a whole family.

Women are called the better half of man. It is a pity that this better half should
remain in ignorance. Uneducated and ignorance women are a drag on society. Women has
the same mental gifts as man has; why, then, should she be deprived of the blessings of
knowledge? Of course, the duties of both differ. Man’s duties are mostly public, those of
women, domestic. Although women are these days coming to the front in public affairs, also.
The education of man or women should be such as may fit him or her for the duties which
he or she will be called upon to perform in after life.

There is a keen controversy going on in Pakistan whether women should receive

higher education or not. Orthodox people recognize the value of education of women, but are
opposed giving them high education. If women be mentally fit to receive higher education,
there seems to be no reason why they should not be allowed to develop their mental faculties
to the utmost. To give them only the rudiments of knowledge, while they are eager and quite
fit for advanced studies, is to condemn them to a plea are perpetual inferiority which is
extremely unjust. All men, also, are not endowed with the same powers. There are dullards
among them, too.

In Pakistan at the present time, considering all circumstance, the ignorance of

centuries, the conservative ways of the people, and the religious and social traditions and
customs, there is great need of proceeding with great caution in the matter of female
education. A wholesale transportation of the Western system is neither desirable not
profitable. A system based on the needs and circumstances of the people should be adopted.

It is a significant sigh of the times that people are awakening to the need education
the girls. Girls’ Schools are being opened everywhere. But still the number of education
women. Including literates even, is very, very small hardly one in a hundred.

Domestic duties and religious instruction should form an important part of the
curriculum of Girls Schools. Their courses of reading should be different from those for boy.
They danger of anglicizing them, which has proved so great & real in the case of boys, should
be minimized as far as possible. The School atmosphere should be entirely Pakistan.

An education women is a real blessing in the home. The early education of children is
properly looked after, and the whole management of the household is conducted peacefully
and most advantageously. Peace and cleanliness prevail. Domestic happiness, it is no
exaggeration to say, depends entirely on the women, and the best way to secure it is to
educate her in her duties. Women is certainly the better man

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MY FIRST DAY IN COLLEGE

I passed the Secondary School Certificate Examination from my school. I
obtained 690 marks. I was selected for admission to the local Government
College. Lectures began on the 5th of September. I went there in the morning
that day, with great pride on my bicycle. I saw a large number of students at the
gate. They began to clap their hands, as I went near them. I smelt some mischief.
I got down from my bicycle and began to walk. One of them pulled it back. The
next moment I saw them drawing my books from over the carrier, one by one by
one. I told them to behave properly. But they laughed and began to cut jokes with
me. I went to the bicycle stand, and they followed me like a shadow. I locked my
bicycle there. There returned me my books, shook hands with me and went away.

I had gone only a few paces towards the office, when I saw two well-dressed
gentlemen coming towards me. They said that were professors in that college. I
greeted them as one of them asked me, if anybody had teased me. Don’t worry
said the other. “And have a cup of tea with us, in the college tuck shop: They
took me there and became very friendly with me. A shirtless servant placed a tray
on the table before us, I blushed to see the tea pot quite empty and “You are a
first year fool” printed on the cup and the saucer placed before me. They burst
into peals of laughter and others, in the tuck shop, clapped their hands, I left the
chair in hot haste, with my face as pale as death.

I met some boy outside. They said that they were first year students. They
took me to a class room. We had hardly taken our seats, when a gentleman
wearing gown came in. Everybody stood up. But before I could take my seat, I
was utterly surprised to see everybody singing Hey Jamalo around me; and the
gentleman wearing the gown, dancing on the dais. I wondered at my experiences
of the college life, as I came out of the class room. I decided to return home. I
went to the bicycle stand. But I found its wheels punctures; and the saddle, lying
on the ground beside it. I was still standing there. When I heard an
announcement from the loud speaker it. Said that lectures to the first year class
would begin on and from tomorrow at 7 A.M., according to the time table put up
on the notice board. I dared not go there, lest I should fall into another trap, and
returned home.

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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)

CO-EDUCATION
Co-education means the education of boys and girls in the same schools.
Colleges or Universities. This is a modern concept and it has made a remarkable
rapid progress. It was first introduces in Switzerland, but now it has become
popular almost in all Europe and America. The country opinions sharply differ on
the issue of Co-education in colleges.

The supporters of Co-education favor it mainly on two grounds, one

economical and the other sociological in the first place, they say that Co-
education is an economical measure in a poor country like Pakistan. It is not
possible to maintain separate colleges for boys and girls especially in vocational
colleges a lot of money is required to equip the libraries, laboratories and
workshops. In the second place, the social contacts between the members of the
two sexes are useful in many respects. The supporters of Co-education say that if
boys and girls are education together, they will develop in them a sort of mutual
understanding; this understanding will be helpful in their future life as men and
women. They believe that Co-education makes boys less coarse and girls less
morbid. The boys become civilized and polite and spirit of competition is studies
are revived. Both try their hard to outdo each other.

The arguments of the supporters of Co-education are weighty but of those

who are weightier. Demerits of this system make its success in this country
doubtful. The opponents of Co-education argue that in a hot country like
Pakistan this system is impracticable. Here boys and girls become young at an
early age. Youth is blind and there is every possibility that they may fall a victim
to their emotions. Then every one of us knows that ends and aims of education
for the two sexes are quite different. Their demands ion educations are different
from each other and therefore, it is false economy to teach them in the same
institution. Again, in Pakistan colleges are very few and they are overcrowded.
Co-education can prove economical only in such cases where the number of the
students in the college is very small. And moreover we must remember that Islam
disallows free mixing of boys and girls. It is for these reasons, the opponents of
Co-education think that the system is not fir our country.

To conclude we may say that Co-education is above objection in the

professional colleges where the ultimate goal of all the students is the same. But
in arts and Science College where the two sexes are prepared for the normal
routine of life. Co-education is unnecessary.

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UNEMPLOYMENT
Employment means occupation. To be busy in doing something productive is to be
employed. So unemployment means absence of employment. When the people are out of
work and have nothing to do, they are said to be unemployed. Unemployment is a
worldwide problem. Even advanced countries like U.S.A, U.K And France have this
problem. In the third world countries, unemployment is at its peak. Pakistan is no
exception.

Unemployment is a social evil of far reaching consequences. It specks starvation, disease

and death in its victims. They have no education, no culture, and therefore no concern
for right and wrong, good and evil. Dishonesty corruption crime sin and vices of all kinds
prevail in a society where population is unemployed on a large scale. Politically
unemployment breeds discontent in the masses. Votes are sold and bought. Revolutions
and mob violence are the result of unemployment. People bust in finding out job for
them cannot pay attention to their rights and duties as citizens. Moreover, when a large
portion of population is unemployed, no effort to increase the national income can
succeed.

The cause of this wide spread unemployment are four. First, our system of education
does not suit our needs. Much attention is paid to general and liberal education. Our
country is an advancing country and needs skilled hands. The teaching institutions turn
out a peculiar type of young man who hates manual labor. He is good for nothing except
reading books and dreaming of high status in society. Secondly our country is not much
advanced in industry. We cannot absorb all our young men in factories. Moreover, they
are not skilled. Thirdly, In our country a few privileged persons are keeping all the key
industries to them. If work and leisure are equally distributes all men will have enough
of work and enough of leisure. But the education young men and common men have
neither the capital nor the opportunities to try their luck in business. Lastly I our
country birth rate is very high. The sources of the country are not enough to maintain
such a large population. People are more the jobs are few. The result is unemployment.

Keeping is view the consequences of this evil, the Government of Pakistan much. It has
already started many employment schemes. The national man Power Council runs a
National Employment Bureau which helps the Pakistan to get jobs. Recently a Youth
investment Scheme has been started in Pakistan. They give financial help to young
people and assist them in setting up business promotion scheme taste and ability. Labor
Department has being established. But in spite of all, much more is needed. Production
should be stepped in agriculture. The country should be industrialized to provide new
channels of employment. The concept of education should be changed. Planned
distribution of wealth should be ensured. Population must be kept within limits. It is
only after a long time struggle that we can get rid of this evil and make our country
prosperous.

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FACEBOOK AND THE STUDENTS/ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA/SOCIAL NETWORKING
Facebook is the world’s largest social network used daily by millions of individuals worldwide, but
privacy and safety is far from this amusing social network. Facebook can be accessed by anyone,
and anywhere, which makes it unsafe, risky and concerning. Individuals who make a facebook
account have their private information displayed to the entire world, and even if they private their
information, it can never be safe online. Facebook is accessible in some schools throughout the
world, but it should be banned since it has a negative affect on children and their studies.
Facebook causes students to lose their concentration towards studies and school. Due to
facebook bullying has begun to affect many school children. Facebook is not only unsafe, but
causes children to have lower self esteem. Facebook has so many negative affects in people’s
lives, and should not be accessible to school children under any circumstances. To begin with,
facebook causes students to lack in their studies and school. When facebook is accessible at
school, children spend their time on facebook when they should be studying and concentrating on
their assigned tasks. Facebook is like a dark hole for children that will ruin their career and future.
Also, having access to facebook in computer oriented classrooms causes children to concentrate
on facebook instead of the teacher’s lectures. Furthermore, facebook is like a jail, you sit in front
of it all day and you do not experience the things happening around you. Facebook also snatches
away any form of physical activity children should have during school. In conclusion, facebook
causes children to lack in school and have less effort towards their studies. It also causes children
to suffer from low self esteem due to it’s social activities and social cliques. Facebook is like a
weapon for bullies who use it to easily humiliate and harm their victims. This social networking
site may seem exciting and catching from a far, but once you are close, it is far from safe and
entertaining.
USES AND ABUSES OF CELLPHONE
A mobile phone or cell phone is an electronic telecommunication device with the same basic capability as a
conventional fixed-line telephone, but which is also entirely portable and is not required to be connected
with a wire to the telephone network. In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, a mobile
phone can support many additional services such as SMS for text messaging, packet switching for access to
the Internet, and MMS for sending and receiving photos and videos. In less than twenty years, mobile
phones have gone from being rare and expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to an all
pervasive low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile phones now outnumber land-line telephones,
with most adults and many children now owning mobile phones.
As with many new technologies, concerns have arisen about the effects on health from using a mobile
telephone. There is a small amount of scientific evidence for an increase of certain types of rare tumours
(cancer) in long-time, to persistent heavy users. Another controversial but more lethal concern is the
correlation with road traffic accidents. Furthermore, students waste a lot of time using mobile phone and
making friends which affects their studies badly.
Despite all the abuses of cell phones, one cannot deny the uses of mobiles. They are one's easily available
help in case of an emergency. They save a lot of time and energy in making multiple calls to track a single
person.
All one has to remember is that mobiles were invented for our convenience and not to create
nuisance. If used judiciously, wisely and with public etiquette, mobiles can be of great use.
Technology is here and it is here to stay. It is indeed up to us to let it guide our lives or to allow our
sense of reason to control the right use of technology.
ESSAY: WATER SHORTAGE IN KARACHI /
PROBLEMS OF KARACHI CITY
Many areas of Karachi are facing an acute water shortage due to slackness of Sindh
government and other authorities, compelling citizens to drink bottled and tanker water.

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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
A few years ago, only summer seasons witnessed water shortage in Karachi but now, the
citizens have to face water-related crisis in all seasons. Karachi is a mega city of Pakistan
which requires more than 1,000 million gallons of water per day for fulfilling the water
need of its high population.
The three main reasons of this problem are the rule of tanker mafia, lobbying of mineral
water companies and Karachi Water and Sewerage Board.
The role of water tanker mafia in the metropolis nowadays is worse than ever. Many areas
of the city depend on the water tankers because they have no supply of water from KWSB.
The rule of tanker mafia in Karachi had made the water situation worst.
Secondly, the lobbying of mineral water companies has also made the life of Karachiities
worst. They first basically targeted the people of elite class and then by soft advertisement
goes through the mind of the people of all classes and give them the sense of hygiene water
which is of course only the mineral water. The use of mineral water is nowadays a status
symbol too but like the water tanker every people of the society can’t afford it.
Last but not the least, poor power supply and water shortage have a major connection with
each other. In most of the areas, the water supply timing by KWSB and load-shedding
hours are same so people can’t be able to store water.
Water is a basic necessity of life but unfortunately, people of Karachi don’t have full access
to it. By going through all the three hurdles in the path of getting water, people end up using
unhygienic water on which they have easy access. In Karachi, people usually have the
problem of stomach related diseases and this is unfortunately because of no supply of clean
drinking water.
Essay: Coronavirus Epidemic
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the new coronavirus
outbreak, which originated in Wuhan, China, a global health emergency.
At least 2,236 people have died in mainland China and more than 76,000
people have been infected worldwide, mostly in China. More than a dozen
countries have evacuated their citizens from Wuhan, while others have
banned entry to Chinese citizens. Several airlines have suspended flights to
and from China. Deaths have been confirmed in Hong Kong, the Philippines,
Japan, France, Iran, Taiwan and South Korea.
In Pakistan, the first case of coronavirus was observed on 26th February.
The coronaviruses family cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to
more severe diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), according to the WHO.
They circulate in animals and some can be transmitted between animals and
humans. Scientists have pointed to either bats or snakes as the possible
source.
Common signs of infection include fever, coughing and breathing difficulties.
In severe cases, it can cause pneumonia, multiple organ failure and death.
WHO recommends basic hygiene such as washing hands with soap and water
and covering your mouth with your elbow when sneezing or coughing.
According to the Islamic beliefs these epidemics are wrath of Almighty
because of our evil deeds. We have to ask forgiveness from almighty and we
should pray to Him for getting rid from this catastrophe.
(Engineer Nasim Zulfiqar) (DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER)

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"Articles"
1. ______ apple ______ day keeps ______ doctor away. (An, a, the)
2. He has gone to ______ hospital for ______ operation. (The, an)
3. He is ______ honorable man. (An)
4. ______ bird can fly very high in ______ sky. (A, the)
5. Space travel has now become ______ reality. (a)
6. John is ______ only student who didn’t pass ______ test. (The, the)
7. I plan to buy ______ expensive camera. (An)
8. He will leave after ______ day or two. (A)
9. ______ old gardener is watering ______ plants. (An, the)
10. He is always helpful to ______ people. (The)
11. I want ______ glass of milk. (A)
12. Ahmed is ______ tallest boy of the class. (The)
13. There is ______ fly in ______ ointment. (A, the)
14. She is ______ honorable woman. (An)
15. For ______ first time on a trip, we had ______ difference of opinion as to how
______ best, this should be done for ______ better result. (The, the, the)
16. At _____ little distance from _____ college, there is _____ old building in which
____ honest & hardworking man lives on ____ top floor.(A, the, an, an, the)
17. He is ______ very brilliant boy. (A)
18. They are ______ best out of the whole lot. (The)
19. There is ______ shop round the corner. (A)
20. I must have ______ extra key for the front door. (An)
21. He broke ______ leg in the skiing accident. It’s still in the plaster. (A)
22. Quaid-e-Azam was ______ honorable man. (An)
23. ______ independence of United States of America dates from ______ 4th of
July, 1776. (The, the)
24. ___the___ sun went down below the horizon. (The)
25. ______ stitch in time saves time. (A)
26. ______man is mortal. (The)
27. Honesty is ______ best policy. (The)

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28. I saw Ahmed in ______ hotel. I saw him ______ hour ago. (A, an)
29. The more you work, ______ better will your result. (The
30. They received ______ telegram in the afternoon. (A)
31. He worked hard, as he had ______ object to work for. (An)
32. You should eat ______ apple ______ day. (An, a)
33. My hen laid ______ egg yesterday. (An)
34. ______ few of them managed to touch ______ shore. (A, the)
35. ______ Indus has flooded ______ village. (The, a)
36. ______ apple has ______ sweet taste. (An, a)
37. The knife is made of ______ metal. (A)
38. He is ______ M.A in English. (An)
39. Iron is ______ metal. (A)
40. A red and ______ white cow are grazing in the field. (A)
41. ______ sky was dark and it seemed that ______ storm was coming. (The, a)
42. I need ______ umbrella. (An)
43. ______ Ravi is not ______ longest river in Pakistan. (The, the)
44. ______ dust man comes only a week. (The)
45. Karachi is ______ biggest city in Pakistan. (The)
46. ______ Quran is a holy book. (The)
47. ______ Jhelum is a big river. (The)
48. Man is ______ mortal being. (A)
49. The lady was clad in ______ black burqa. (A)
50. The lion is ______ noble beast. (A)
51. We started late in ______ afternoon. (The)
52. ______ Indus is a great river. (The)
53. Quran is sacred book of ______ Muslims. (The)
54. ______ horse is a useful animal. (The)
55. ______ luggage is on ______ platform. (The, the)
56. He showed ______ courage worthy of ______ old man. (A, an)
57. I cannot forget ______ kindness with which he treated me. (The)
58. I went to ______ hospital to see my uncle. (The)
59. Copper is ______ useful metal. (A)
60. I have ______ black and ______ white dog. (A, a)
61. ______ more I think about the idea ______ less like it. (The, the)

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62. I should like ______ house in ______ country. (A, the)
63. ______ rich are happy. (The)
64. Which is ______ longest river in Pakistan?(The)
65. I has been ill for ______ last two days. (The)
66. ______ honest man is ______ noblest work of God. (An, the)

"Prepositions"
1. I come to the university ______ bus. (By)
2. He is afraid ______ snakes. (Of)
3. The author beings ______ asking four questions. (By)
4. All science beings ______ the knowledge of our ignorance. (With)
5. I complimented him ______ his success. (On)
6. Send this letter ______ this address. (To)
7. He managed to get a seat ______ the bus. (In)
8. He does not devote much time ______ his studies. (To)
9. He is an authority ______ Malaysian history. (On)
10. She had a good reason ______ being angry. (For)
11. I have very little faith ______ his judgment. (In)
12. Do not laugh ______ the old man. (At)
13. He comes ______ a noble family. (Of)
14. He did not agree ______ me. (With)
15. I was angry ______ his behavior. (At)
16. His views are not clear ______ me. (To)
17. She is kind ______ me. (To)
18. My brother is angry ______ me. (With)
19. She felt great joy ______ her success. (In)
20. She is good ______ English. (In)
21. Put ______ the lights. (Out)
22. I am pleased ______ your achievement. (With)
23. The man is blind ______ one eye. (With)
24. My sister stays ______ home. (At)
25. Take care ______ your health. (Of)
26. Write ______ the margin of your book. (In)
27. His office is adjacent ______ the mosque. (To)
28. She is very proficient ______ English. (In)
29. I am not ashamed ______ anything I have done. (Of)
30. She has always felt inferior ______ her sister. (To)
31. He is frequently absent ______ school. (From)
32. He is ______ the height of his career. (At)
33. The poor beggar was crushed ______ a car. (By)
34. What the chances ______ your success in the examination? (Of)
35. I got eighty marks ______ of hundred. (Out)
36. What is the table made ______? (Of)
37. They are laughing ______ him. (At)
38. We went ______ the seaside by car. (To)
39. I bought this car ______ Rs. 20/-. (For)

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40. He was accused ______ stealing the money. (Of)
41. He stood ______ me in crisis. (By)
42. Do not blame me ______ this. (For)
43. He has promised to look ______ the matter. (Into)
44. He has acceded ______ my request. (To)
45. He told me that he was familiar ______ that subject. (With)
46. Do not cry ______spilt mill. (At)
47. The children have been playing ______ 5O’clock. (Since)
48. Charity begins ______ home. (At)
49. The revolt was put ______ at the right time. (Out)
50. He is a man ______ iron will. (Of)
51. A man ______ need is a friend indeed. (In)
52. Will you take care ______ this packet and keep it ______ you. (Of, with)
53. Is he an authority ______ this subject. (On
54. I prefer football ______ to baseball. (To)
55. The committee was opposed ______ the proposal. (With)
56. He is very much interested ______ world affairs. (In)
57. She is not afraid ______ death. (Of)
58. Wait ______ me ______ the station. (For, at)
59. They went home ______ foot. (On
60. The house, he lives ______ is very old. (In)
61. Smoking is injurious ______ health. (For)
62. He will tell you ______ his result. (About)
63. He is trying to change this wood ______ coal. (Into)
64. Take ______ your hat. (Off)
65. Isn’t the road ______ construction. (For)
66. I arrived ______ the station ______ the train had left. (At, after)
67. The shop was ______ fire and the people were crying ______ help. (On, for)
68. What a pity! We don’t adhere ______ our own principles. (To)
69. He stood ______ me. (By)
70. He ran ______ me. (After)
71. She does her work ______ night. (At)
72. There were hills all ______ the way. (Along)
73. I have some pain ______ my chin. (Under)
74. The end is ______ hand. (At)
75. I am tired ______ doing nothing. (Of)
76. He succeeded ______ securing some votes. (In)
77. That portrait is very much true ______ life. (To)
78. I differ ______ you entirely. (With)
79. I was thinking ______ you. (Of)
80. It is of no use ______ me. (To)
81. She was standing ______ the two houses. (Between)
82. A girl ______ blue eyes has just gone ______ the door. (With,off)
83. He complained ______ pain in her back. (Of)
84. She is glad ______ my success. (At)
85. Always be good ______ others. (To)
86. They walked ______ the railway line. (Along)
87. Turn left ______ the next intersection. (At)
88. He was wearing a fine shirt ______ his coat. (Underneath)
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89. There is a stream ______ the bridge. (Under)
90. He spoke ______ me in English. (To)
91. I have applied ______ the post. (For)
92. He is interested ______ buying my car. (In)
93. He has not replied ______ my letter. (To)
94. He is angry ______ me. (With)
95. Are you sure ______ the facts. (Of)
96. I have great regard ______ my father. (For)
97. The hunt ______ knowledge is a long-life task. (For)
98. He was shot dead ______ his enemy. (By)
99. The house is ______ fire. (On)
100. Please write ______ ink. (With)

"Idiomatic Structures"
1. AT SIXES AND SEVENS: Home ruler, who were all at sixes and sevens among
themselves agreed only upon the one thing and that was the freedom of India.
2. ALL IN ALL: The Head clerk is all in all in this office.
3. ALL THE SAME: It is all the same to me whether the pull over is home-made or
bazaar-made.
4. AT LARGE: The culprits are still at large.
5. BY FITS AND STARTS: He works by fits and starts and does not apply him steadily.
6. BLACK SHEEP: We should be aware of the black sheep in our society.
7. A BONE OF CONTENTION: This property is a bone of contention between the two
brothers.
8. TO BREAK THE ICE: We all wanted to talk on this subject by no one willing to break
the ice.
9. A BURNING QUESTION: Kashmir is a burning question of the day.
10. TO BACK OUT: He promised to help me but backed out at the eleventh hour.
11. TO BEAT ABOUT THE BUSH: Stop beating about the bush; say exactly what you
mean.
12. BED OF ROSES: A military life is not bed of roses.
13. IN COLD BLOOD: He murdered the merchant in cold blood.
14. TO FALL TO THE GROUND: The theory has fallen to the ground.
15. GO HAND IN HAND: Diligence and prosperity go hand in hand.
16. LEAVE NO STONE UNTURNED: Shah Faisal left no stone unturned to bring about
unity in the Islamic world.
17. LIVE FROM HAND TO MOUTH: Our middle class people live generally from hand to
mouth.
18. LOOK DOWN UPON: He is so proud of his promotion that he looks down upon all
his former friends.
19. AT A LOSS: He is never at a loss for an appropriate word.
20. TO PAY BACK IN THE SAME COIN: If a person rude towards you, it does not mean
that you should pay him in the same coin.

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21. TO KEEP PACE WITH: Agriculture in the states has kept pace with manufacture,
but it has far out stepped commerce.
22. RED TAPE: Florence Nightingale was a sworn enemy of red tape.
23. TO SPEAK VOLUMES: The murders spoke volumes about political conditions before
Indian elections.
24. UP TO THE MARK: You don’t look quite up to the mark today.
25. TO GET INTO HOT WATER: Do not quarrel with your officers or you will soon get
into hot water.
26. TIME AND AGAIN: Time and again proverbs come to be true.
27. CUT OFF: The supplies were cut off from the soldier due to snow fall.
28. RUN AGAINST: Zuhair Akram Nadeem was running against Dr. Farooq Sattar in the
elections 89.
29. TO TURN OVER A NEW LEAF: The teacher pardoned the boy on the condition that
he promised to turn over a new leaf in future.
30. TO NIP IN THE BUD: The plot to overthrow the Government was detected and
nipped in the bud.
31. TO FEEL LIKE A FISH OUT OF WATER: Being the only educated person in that
village, I felt like a fish out of water.
32. TO SHED CROCODILE TEARS: Don’t be deceived by the beggar’s crying. They are
only crocodile’s tears.
33. LION SHARE: The stronger person generally gets the lions share of the property.
34. TO CRY OVER SPILT MILK: The damage has been done but instead of crying over
spilt milk do something to repair it.
35. IT IS HIGH TIME: The exams begin next month so it is high time to study seriously.
36. TO SAVE SOMETHING FOR THE RAINY DAY: He wasted his savings and has kept
nothing for the rainy day.
37. WITH A HIGH HAND: He is the most unpopular because he decides matters with a
high hand.
38. DAY IN AND DAY OUT: I have been warning you day in and day out.
39. TO MAKE THE MOST OF: He let me use his bicycle for a week and I am going to
make the most of it.
40. TO MAKE THE FUN OF: We should not make fun of handicaps.
41. TO MAKE ROOM FOR: They made room for more guests as all seats were full.
42. TO GO THROUGH: He went through the whole book within a week.
43. IN ALL: He got 782 marks in all.
44. ALL ALONE: Yesterday night she was all alone in her house.
45. TO PUT INTO PRACTICE: The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) put into practice what he
preaches.
46. A WILD GOOSE CHASE: The robbers fled away and the police gave them a wild
goose chase.
47. TO END IN SMOKE: All his efforts ended in smoke because they were not made
sincerely.

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48. WITH FLYING COLORS: If you work hard you will pass your examination with flying
colors.
49. ODDS AND ENDS: The shopkeeper does not sell any particular article, but deals in
odds and ends.
50. UNDER ONE’S NOSE: The police were on the lookout for the culprit who was hiding
under their nose.
51. TO POKE ONE’S NOSE INTO: One should not poke one’s nose into others affairs.
52. TO KICK UP A ROW: It is useless kicking up a row when the matters can be decided
peacefully.
53. TO WIND UP: He is winding up his business in the city, as he going abroad.
54. IN BLACK AND WHITE: I want your statement in black and white.
55. A RED LETTER DAY: 14th August is a red letter day in the history of Pakistan.
56. TO RUN INTO: Last night my friend ran into a cheat who deprived him of his brief
case by changing it with an empty one.
57. TO BRING TO LIGHT: A number of facts were brought to light by the Prime Minister
in the recent Press Conference.
58. AT THE ELEVENTH HOUR: The president postponed his meeting with the
journalists due to visit of the French delegation at the eleventh hour.
59. TO COME ACROSS: In the wedding party, she come across he two very close friends
of the University life.
60. TO GIVE UP: The doctor has strictly advised him to give up drinking and smoking
for the sake of his life.
61. TO CALL A SPADE, A SPADE: Islam teaches us to call a spade, a spade even before
a cruel ruler.
62. TO LOOK AFTER: All the parents have to look after their children during the early
period of the school life.
63. TO BREAK UP: The two partners have decided to break up the partnership and
divide the assets equally.
64. TO GET RID OF: Pakistan must get rid of that type of foreign aid, which puts on
her, undue political pressure.
65. AT A STRETCH: Saeed Anwer played an aggressive inning and continued to score
runs at a stretch.
66. TO GIVE IN: Imran Khan & Miandad were real fighters and they would never give in till
the last ball.
67. TO LET DOWN: The rich feel proud of their wealth and usually let down the poor.
68. ONCE IN A BLUE MOON: I am not so fond of movies and watch some fine art movie
once in a blue moon.
69. TO FALL OUT: A short tempered football player fell out with his opponents and got
wounded.
70. TO CALL ON: The winners of 1994 World Cup called on the President, with their
captain.
71. TO CALL OFF: The University students finally decided to call off the strike as their
demands were accepted.

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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
72. TO BRING HOME TO: Rizwan brought home to her all the important aspects of the
matter.
73. TO GET OVER: The Indian Government made all possible efforts to get over the
epidemic of plague.
74. TO GET ACROSS: The news of Mr. Eddhi’s self-exile got across the country within
no time.
75. TO MAKE UP FOR: The Government and people of Iraq are working day and night
to make up the loss caused by the Gulf war.
76. TO MAKE OFF: The robbers made off through the back door just as the security
guard started firing into air.
77. TO BRING OUT: The telephone Corporation has brought a decent Directory in three
volumes.
78. TO BRING UP: Abraham Lincoln was brought up by his parents in a state of very
limited financial resources.
79. TO TAKE OFF: The Hajj flight will take off every morning during the next couple of
weeks.
80. TO TAKE PLACE: The wedding of my cousin will take place in the first week of
November, next.
81. TO KEEP UP: Our cricket team must go through an extensive training and practice
session to keep up their position in the next world cup.
82. TO STIR UP: The statement given by Mr. Abdul Sattar Eddhi caused great stir up in
the political circles.
83. TO GO OFF: While the police man was cleaning his rifle, it suddenly went off
because it was loaded.
84. TO LET OFF: Finally, the defaulter was let off by the civil authorities in view of his
undertaking to abide by the rules in future.
85. TO BEG FOR: The Quaid-e-Azam begged for peace and friendship with his former
enemies, the Congress leaders.
86. TO FURNISH WITH: The chief justice was furnished with all the documentary proofs
against the accused.
87. TO LOOK FOR: After the panic had subsided, people started looking for their
misplaced baggage.
88. TO RUN AFTER: According to Einstein, ordinary people run after ordinary objects
such as property and luxury.
89. TO TURN DOWN: The secretary was taking down the main points to prepare a
summary of the Seminar on pollution.
90. TO WATCH OVER: Sensible parents make it a point to watch over the outdoor
activities of their growing up children.
91. TO BANK ON: Never bank on a fair weather friend because he will certainly cheat
you.
92. TO BLOW HOT AND COLD: It is part of his nature to blow hot and cold as he favors
this political party today the other party tomorrow.
93. TO BREAK THE NEWS: It was really very hard to break the shocking news of her
husband’s accidental death to her.

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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
94. TO CALL NAMES: He is such loose tempered man that he often begins to call names
to his neighbours.
95. TO TURN THE TABLES: The pace attack by Wasim Akram and Waqar turned the
tables against India and our cricket team got victory.
96. TO HOLD WATER: The judge will give a favorable verdict only when you lawyer’s
arguments hold water.
97. TO FACE THE MUSIC: Those who are responsible for terrorism in the city must face
the music and be dealt with.
98. TO BE UNDER THE CLOUD: These days, the opposition leaders are under a cloud
and being tortured by the Government.
99. BY HOOK OR BY CROOK: The corrupt politicians try to win in every general
election by hook or by crook.
100. TO RUN SHORT OF: These days most areas in Karachi are running short of water
supply.
101. TO KEEP AN EYE ON: Wise and responsible parents always keep and eye on the
outdoor activities of their children.
102. TO BUILD CASTLES IN THE AIR: It is a favorite hobby of day dreamers and
idealists to build castles in the air.
103. TO TAKE TO HEELS: Just as the mobile of Rangers approached, the robbers
jumped over the gate and took to their heels.
104. BY LEAPS AND BOUNDS: In the 21st century, Pakistan is expected to make
progress by leaps and bound.
105. TO TURN DEAF EAR TO: He turned a deaf ear to his father’s advice and as a
result, fell into trouble.
106. AT THE NICK OF TIME: Medical aid was provided to the injured passengers at the
nick of time and it proved effective.
107. TO BELL THE CAT: All the office workers are annoyed with the attitude of the M.D
but nobody dares to bell the cat.
108. TO HAVE AN AXE TO GRIND: He certainly had an axe to grind behind his
sympathetic attitude.
109. TO BURRY THE HATCHET: At last the two combatant groups agreed to bury the
hatchet and restore peace.
110. TO BEAR WITH: During our lifetime we have to bear with many sorrows and
sufferings.
111. TO BEAR OUT: As a witness, he bore out in the court that the man was innocent.
112. TO BEAR IN MIND: Always bear in the advice of your elders.
113. TO BREAK INTO: The Dakotas broke into the bank and took away a large sum of
money.
114. TO BREAK OFF: Pakistan has broken off with Israel since the last two decades.
115. TO BREAK DOWN: If my car had not broken down on the way, I would have
reached in time.
116. TO BREAK THE HEART: Don’t break the heart by rejecting the offer.
117. TO BLOW OUT: On the occasion of his birthday, he blow out the candle on cake.
118. TO BLOW UP: Four bombs blew up at different places simultaneously.
119. TO BLOW ONE’S OWN TRUMPET: I always try to avoid such people who keep on
blowing their own trumpet.
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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
120. TO BRING IN: Imran Khan has brought in a large amount for setting up the cancer
hospital.
121. TO BRING ABOUT: The fight between the 2 political parties can bring about
another martial law.
122. TO BRING ROUND: By presenting a very logical argument, he was able to bring
round all the members of committee.
123. TO BRING TO BOOK: All those who kidnap people for ransom money should be
brought to book.
124. TO CARRY ON: Let me carry on my work without any disturbance.
125. TO CARRY THROUGH: If we work altogether like a lean, we can easily carry
through our mission with any difficulty.
126. TO CALL ON: I shall call on your brother next week.
127. TO CALL AT: I shall call at your office tomorrow.
128. TO CALL FOR: You careless and rude behavior call for an explanation.
129. TO CALL IT A DAY: As we are tired after a hard day but let it call it a day.
130. TO CALL TO MIND: I can call to mind when I saw you last.
131. TO COME OF: Although she comes of a rich family, she is not proud of her wealth.
132. TO COME OFF: The annual meeting of the Board of Directors will come off next
month.
133. TO COME BY: It is difficult to understand how did he come by all that money.
134. TO COME ROUND: He comes round after I had presented my views in a logical
way.
135. TO COME TO LIGHT: Once the facts come to light, we will know who is
responsible for creating such a situation.
136. TO COME TO BLOWS: Very often, student belonging to different groups come to
blows on silly matters.
137. TO COME OVER: With faith in God and confidence in yourself you can come over
all you problems.
138. TO DO WITHOUT: No living creature can do without air.
139. TO DO AWAY WITH: It is the duty of the young people to do away with all the evil
customs and traditions of the society.
140 TO DIE OFF: In the under developed countries, a large number of people die off.
141. TO DIE IN HARNESS: Once he had lost all his money at stakes he died in harness.
142. TO DEAL WITH: He has the knack of dealing with all kinds of people and
situation.
143. TO DEAL IN: As he deals in auto-parts, he has a good knowledge of different kind
of car.
144. TO DEAL OUT: He dealt out the card after shuffling the cards.
145. TO FALL SHORT OF: The performance of Indian Cricket team fell short of the
expectations of the spectators.
146. TO FALL A PREY TO: The poor and the deprived always fall a prey to cruelty and
injustice.
147. TO GIVE AWAY: At the end of the function, the prizes were given way by the chief
guest.
148. TO KEEP IN THE DARK: The patient was kept in the dark about the nature of his
illness.
149. TO KEEP BODY AND SOUL TOGETHER: With the price spiral, it is becoming
difficult for the common man to keep body and soul together.
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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
150. TO LOOK FORWARD TO: We are looking forward to this visit next month.
151. TO MAKE OFF WITH: The robber make off with a large amount from the super
market.
152. TO MAKE FOR: The Birkenhead met with a disaster when it was making for South
Africa.
153. TO MAKE BOTH ENDS MEET: With his limited income, it is really very difficult to
make both ends meet.
154. TO MAKE UP THE MIND: Once you make your mind then stick to your decision.
155. TO PUT IN A NUT SHELL: At the end of his lecture, he put all his arguments in a
nut shell.
156. TO PUT DOWN: The revolt against the king was put down by the royal forces.
157. TO PUT OFF: The debate, which was put off last week, is scheduled for tomorrow.
158. TO STAND BY: I shall stand by you whenever you are in trouble.
159. TO TAKE AFTER: Children very often take after their parents
160. TO TAKE UP: He has decided to take up the profession of teaching.

DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER

XI – ENGLISH (VOCABULARY)
Words Meanings Words Meanings Words Meanings

Frightful Horrible Bumped off To murder casually Dreadful Fear

or cold bloodedly

Courtesy Good manners Courteous Well-mannered Jolly Happy and smiling

Intrude To thrust or force Consent To Public menace Can cause harm

in agree/agreement to people

Liberty Freedom Prying To inquisitive Muzzle To open end of

fire arm

Concealed Hidden Balmy Characterized by Mercifully Showing kindness

pleasantly warm, or mercy
mild and gentle
behaviour

Detour A long round about Convenient Suitable Suspicion Distrust of

someone

Conceal Hide Inclined Have a tendency to Bandit A robber

do something

Desperate Feeling Mortal Subject to death Envy Jealousy

hopelessness

Exasperating Intensely irritating Merely Only Plume Displaying

feathers

Immense Extremely large Conversation Discussion Wits Sense of humour

Opulent Rich Long-windedness Tediously long in Conspicuous Vivid

speaking and

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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
writing

Enthusiastically Cheerfully Reminiscences A story about past Condemn Complete

disapproval

Deceive Cheat Loquacious Talkative Inimical Tending to harm

Devotees Very enthusiastic Supernatural Force beyond law Uninhabited Unpopulated

of nature

Companion ship Friendship Startle Cause to feel Contrive Deliberately

sudden shock created

Awe Feeling of Endure Suffer patiently Solitude Loneliness

reverential respect

Profound Deep Unaccustomed Not familiar Accustomed Familiar or usual

Clamour A loud and Cathedral The principal Restlessness State of unquiet

confused noise church or easy

Superstition Belief in Mystics Believer in divine Intensity Forcefulness

mysterious truth which is
happenings beyond intellect

Incapacity Physical or mental Tumult Uproar Conquest Invasion

inability

Marvels Wonders Encircled Surrounded Indebted Owing to

Prophesied Predicted Potentialities Power Subsequently After sometime

Pre-eminent Surpassing all Intuitive What one feels that Enormously Extra ordinary
others is true

Realm Region Prophecy Prediction Triumph Victory

Pursued To strive to gain Morse Code or sound Manoeuvres An action

signal requiring skill

Pioneering One who is first in Treble A boy’s voice Super intended Directed

Tremendous Large Halted Stopped Immeasurably In capable of

being measured

Vicinity Region Morsel A small piece or Dialects Regional language

amount of food

Descendence Move or fall Considerably By a notably large Diversity A range of

downwards amount different things

Colloquial Ordinary or Peculiarities Unusual feature or Prestige Honour

familiar habit
conversation

Amuse Delight Merriment Delight/happiness Impetus The force or

energy which
moves a body

Imperceptible Difficult to perceive Penetrating Able to make a way Implanted Inserted or fixed
through or into

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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
or sense something

Inhabitant The one who Corpulent Plump/Over weight Vivacious Attractively lively
occupies a place and animated

Earl A title of being Radical Characterized by Enquiry An act of asking

noble departure from information
tradition

Fortress A military Condemned Complete Villainous Criminal

stronghold disapproval behaviour

Villain A cruelly malicious Presecutor A person having Avenge To take revenge

harassing or
oppressive treatment

Words Meanings Words Meanings Words Meanings

Valets A man’s personal Cynical One having distrust Cloud on brow Grieved
attendant of human sincerity expression

Deliberation Long and careful Eternal torture Perpetual torture An eye for an eye Tit for tat
consideration

Commiseration Sympathy Au revoir French good bye Obliging Helpful

Pursuing Following Shrudders Trembles Implore Beg someone

earnestly

Agitation A state of anxiety Conspirators Schemer Marksmanship Shooting at mark

Corpse A dead body of a Mutilate Obliterate Pugnacious Fond of fighting

human being

Manifestation Display/Show Grunt To make low range Dubiously Doubt

noise

Fretful Feeling distress Credible Convinced Reticence Of being reserved

Sceptical Not easily Cavalry The group of Wreath Flower fastened in

convinced soldiers who fight in a ring
tanks

Fuss Excessive talk Forsake Give up Vaguely Uncertainly

Abolish To put an end Preposterous Contrary to reason Combatant A person or

nation engaged in
fighting

Succumb Decay Trench A narrow ditch Peerage Title of peer

(Lord)

Endurance Tolerance Perfunctorily Hasty and Moaning Low continued

superficial/ of sound of grief
courtesy

Lamentation Passionate Bayonet Sword like stabling Cranks Persons having

expression of grief blade strange ideas of
beliefs

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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
Maniacs Persons with Unhinged Mental illness Hysterical A high pitch of
mental illness emotions

Stoops Bending Distractedly Confused Shudder Tremble

Agitation To show protest Munitions Ammunitions Extinction State of dying

Morbid Unhealthy Triumph A great victory Stunned Got unconscious

Sufficient Enough Marksmanship Skill of shooting at Corpse A dead body

mark

Stupefied Puzzled Endeavouring Try hard to Impassively Without emotion

Mischief Misdemeanour Accusation Blames/charges Summoned Order to be

playful present
misbehaviour

Persecutor A person with Flustered Perturbed Commiseration Sympathy

harassing
oppressive
treatment

Abject Self abasing Pacing Walk steadily Sarcastically Ironically

Obliging Accommodating Shrugs Raising shoulder Corsican Of Corsica (Italy)

slightly

Steward In charge Betrothed Engaged Condemned Put to a particular

punishment

Dungeon Underground Vengeance Revenge Choked Had difficulty in

prison breathing

Endeavouring Try to do hard Instinctively Prompted by nature Shrieking Uttering high

pitched piercing
sound

Seize Take hold of Relinquish Voluntarily cause to Sovereign Supreme

keep

Feat Remarkable and Timid Fearful Gallant A man who is

daring action charmingly
attractive to
women

Crozier Bishop’s staff Mitre A tall cap Rochet A gown

Cope A cloak worn over Saviour A person who save Swore To make a solemn
the rochet someone/Jesus declaration
Christ

Labouring swain Young rustic Lingering Being slow Bowers A shady shelter

Loitered Walked Brook Stream Hawthorn bush A thorny shrub

Toil remitting Word ceasing Gambol To skip Frolic Playful behaviour

Sleights A clever and skilful Tittered Laughed in a Bashful Shy

trick restrained way

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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
Matron A woman serving Peasantry Farmers class Succeeding To replace
as a guard or in another
charge

Solitary Being alone Comrade Friend Moor Open area of hills

Bush Area of land Thither There Hither Here

Ambition shun To control desires Exile Expulsion Serveth Serves

Words Meanings Words Meanings Words Meanings

Utmost Most extreme Envy Jealousy Doth Does

Vice Evil Virtue Goodness Rumour Hearsay

Hath Have/has Conscience A person’s moral Oppressors Tyrants

sense of right or
wrong

Servile bands Slavish Anon Now Renown Fame

Treason Rebellion Liege Lord Quoth Said

Truegotten gear Honestly earned Canst Cannot Smitten Hit hard

property

Shallow Lacking depth Forfeit A fine or penalty Frown Displeasure or

anger

Flatters Who praise falsely Stupefied Puzzled Debased Reduced in quality

Enmity Rivalry Remote Distant Inconsequent Illogical reason

Thwarted Prevent from Hindered Hampered Mutterings Privately

accomplishment expressed
complaint

Contemplation Action of looking Dubiously Hesitantly Bereavement Sense of

thoughtfully deprivation

Abolish Eradicate Expeditious With speed and On account of Due to

efficiency

Sight View

HOMOPHONES
1. Air ‫ہوا‬, heir ‫(وارث‬Air is necessary for human beings to breath. He is the heir of his father’s
property)
2. bail‫ضمانت‬, bale ‫(گٹھری‬He got freed from court on bail. Bales of cotton are being carried
by camels.)
3. band‫ گروہ‬, banned ‫( بند‬The musical band performed well last night. Pillion riding
‘ll be banned in Karachi due to Aashora.)
4. bare‫ عریاں‬, bear‫( سہنا‬He was walking on the street bare-footed. The poor has to
bear a great many sufferings.)
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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
5. Baron‫ نواب‬, barren ‫(بنجر‬Baron Gruebel purchased the castle of Cernogratz. Most
of the part of Baluchistan consist of barren land.)
6. Blew‫ پھالیا‬, blue‫( نیال‬The watchman blew whistle last night. The sky is blue.)
7. Board‫ تختہ‬, bored ‫(بور‬The teacher was writing on the white board. I am bored of your
stories.)
8. Brake‫ روکنا‬, break ‫(توڑنا‬The driver applied brake in the nick of time. Pakistani
people break a lot of rules in a single day.)
9. bread‫روٹی‬, bred ‫( پالنا‬He is eating bread. The people of KPK bred sheeps and
goats.)
10. bridal‫ دلہن‬, bridle ‫(لگام‬She purchased a bridal dress. The rider drew the bridle of
horse.)
11. Cell‫ خلیہ‬, sell‫( بیچنا‬We are made up of cells. He sells fruits.)
12. Cent‫ س ّکہ‬, scent‫ عطر‬, sent ‫( بیھیجا‬I don’t have any cent in my pocket. The fragrance of scent is diffused
everywhere. God sent His prophets to guide the humanity.)
13. Cereal‫ دلیہ‬, serial‫( ترتیب‬The child was eating cereal. I was watching a new drama
serial.)
14. Check‫ جانچنا‬, cheque (The teacher checks our copies. He made a mistake while writing
cheque.)
15. dear‫پیارا‬, deer ‫(ہرن‬You are very dear to me. The hunter was hunting the deer.)
16. desert‫ریگستان‬, dessert ‫(حلوہ‬Thar is the biggest desert in Pakistan. He was eating
dessert.)
17. die‫مرنا‬, dye ‫(رنگنا‬He died of malaria. She coloured her hairs by means of dye.)
18. dual ‫دو‬, duel‫( لڑائ‬Light has dual nature. Albert wanted to fight a duel with
Edmond Dantes.)
19. fair‫ پیارا‬, fare ‫( کرایہ‬He is a fair weather friend of mine. I paid the fare to the
driver.)
20. Feat‫ مظاہرہ‬, feet ‫(پاؤں‬Samson demonstrated the feat of his strength. This building is 20 feet
high.)
21. find‫ڈھونڈنا‬, fined‫( جرمانہ‬I can’t find my wallet anywhere. The police fined him 500
rupees.)
22. flour‫آٹا‬, flower ‫(پھول‬Bread is made up o flour. Don’t pluck the flowers.)
23. grate‫ شکرانہ‬, great ‫ (عظیم‬I ‘ll be grateful to you. Allama Iqbal was a great poet.)
24. hair‫بال‬, hare ‫(خرگوش‬She has curly hairs. The hunter hunted a hair in the forest.)
25. heal‫عالج کرنا‬, heel‫( ایڑی‬This herb may heal your pain. She wears high heels
sandals.
26. Hear‫ سننا‬, here ‫( یہاں‬I am hearing the sound of fan. I am waiting here.)
27. Heard‫ سنا‬, herd‫( ریوڑ‬I have heard the news about her demise. He owns a herd of
goats.
28. Heroin : heroine (He was addicted of Heroin. She will be working as a heroine of
this film.)
29. idle‫فضول‬, idol‫( بت‬Being idle is a sin. There were 360 idols in Khana Kaba.)
30. In‫میں‬:Inn‫سرائے‬: (The marker is in the drawer. He stayed in an inn yesterday.)
31. knight‫وزیر‬, night ‫(رات‬He was a knight in Frankish army. I will eat dinner at
night.)
32. Lain‫ لیٹا‬, lane‫( گلی‬The patient has been lain on the bed. He was standing on the
lane.)
33. loan‫قرض‬, lone ‫(اکیال‬Bank gives loan to the people. He is the lone survivor in his
family.)
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 DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH)
34. made‫ بنایا‬, maid‫( خادمہ‬I have made a nice plan. The maid was washing the clothes.)
35. mail‫خط‬, male ‫(مرد‬I have sent her a mail. Male mosquitoes can not bite.)
36. main‫بنیادی‬, mane ‫(بال‬General Assembly is the main organ of UNO. The soldier
was holding the mane of horse.)
37. maize‫مکئ‬, maze ‫(بھول بھلیاں‬He was roasting maize on stove. Faisal got lost in the maze.)
38. meat‫ گوشت‬, meet ‫( ملنا‬I don’t like the meat of cow. I will meet you tomorrow)
39. moor‫ دلدل‬, more ‫( ذیادہ‬Lucy Gray lived on the wide moor. I want to get more
success.)
40. morning ‫صبح‬, mourning ‫(سوگ‬He will go to school in the morning. She was mourning on the death of his
husband.)
41. pair‫جوڑا‬, pear ‫(ناشپاتی‬He needs a pair of scissors. He was eating pear.)
42. peace‫امن‬, piece ‫(ٹکڑا‬UNO works for world peace. Chemistry is like a piece of
cake for me.)
43. plain‫ میدان‬, plane ‫(جہاز‬He was wearing a plain grey suit. Pilot was flying the
plane.)
44. practice‫مشق‬, practise ‫(مشق کرنا‬I am doing practice. I am practising.)
45. Principal‫ سربراہ‬, principle ‫(اصول‬He wrote an application to the principal. Science is a set of rules and
principles.)
46. rain‫بارش‬, reign‫حکومت‬, rein ‫(باگ‬It is raining. King Rudolf reigns in Strelsau. He
pulled the rein of his horse.)
47. read‫پڑھنا‬, reed ‫(سرکنڈا‬We have to read good books. The hut in this village is made up of
reed.)
48. right ‫ سیدھا‬rite ‫رسم‬write ‫(لکھنا‬Turn to the right. The Muslims have specific ritual
and rites. I am writing a letter to my friend.)
49. Road‫ سڑک‬, rode ‫(سواری کی‬He is walking along the road. He rode the horse.
50. Roe‫ ہرن‬, row ‫(قطار‬I saw a mountain roe. Students were standing in a row.)
51. root‫جڑ‬, route ‫(راستہ‬Money is the root of all evils. This is the shortest route to
Hyderabad.)
52. scene‫منظر‬, seen ‫(دیکھا‬This movie contains many action scenes. I have seen an owl on this
tree.)
53. sea‫سمندر‬, see ‫(دیکھنا‬We are going to sea side tomorrow. I want to see Paris.)
54. some‫کچھ‬, sum ‫(جمع‬Some of my friends are so selfish. Corrie wanted a lump-sum for his
invention.)
55. son‫بیٹا‬, sun ‫(سورج‬Eddie was the son of Charlotte. The Sun sets in the West.)
56. stair‫سیڑھی‬, stare ‫(گھورنا‬He fell from the stairs. The tramp was staring the passers by.)
57. steal‫چرانا‬, steel ‫(فوالد‬The thief stole my purse. The structure of this building is made up of
steel.)
58. storey‫منزلہ‬, story ‫(کہانی‬He lives in a single storey house. I was telling a story to my niece.)
59. straight‫سیدھا‬, strait ‫(درہ‬He
ّ went straight up to the accountant. The ship was passing through
the strait.)
60. Super : Supper (Pakistan has made a super sonic jet. He has already eaten supper.)
61. tale‫کہانی‬, tail ‫(دم‬The tale of Hercules is very interesting. Human beings do have a tail bone.)
62. throne‫تخت‬, thrown ‫(پھینکا‬Duke Michael wanted to sit on the throne of Ruritania. He has thrown the ball on
street.)
63. tide‫مدوجزر‬, tied ‫(باندھا‬There is high tide in seas due to the full Moon. The thresher tied the crops
into bundles.)
64. tire‫تھکنا‬, tyre ‫(ٹائر‬I have become tired of advising you. The tyre of our car burst near the
shop.)
65. vain‫ بیکار‬vein ‫(ورید‬Hard work never goes in vain. Vein carries blood to the heart.)
66. Vale‫ وادی‬, veil‫( نقاب‬The vale was echoing with the voice of singer. Mercedes was hiding her face
with a veil.)
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67. Waist‫ کمر‬, waste‫( ضائع‬The bullet hit his waist. Don’t waste your time.)
68. wait‫انتظار‬, weight ‫(وزن‬I have to wait for them. The weight of the Earth is increasing day by
day.)
69. weak‫کمزور‬, week ‫(ہفتہ‬He is too weak to walk. I will meet her next week.)
70. weather‫موسم‬, whether ‫(آیاکہ‬The weather is awesome today. Tell me whether you will come y home
or not.)
71. Which‫ کونسا‬, witch ‫(چڑیل‬Which pen is yours? The witch is flying her broom.)
72. Yoke ‫ ظلم‬, yolk ‫(ذردی‬The Muslims of the South Asia were suffering from the double yoke of
the British and the Hindus. Egg yolk contains a high proportion of protein.)
73. Excess‫ذیادہ‬, Access ‫(رسائ‬Excess smoking increases the threat of lungs cancer. The hacker
has got access to all the important files in his PC.)
74. Pray‫دعا کرنا‬, Prey ‫(شکار‬I will pray for your good results. The predator was waiting for its
prey.)
75. Black‫کاال‬, bleak ‫(باریکیاں‬The colour of my car is black. Police is investigating on the bleaks
of case.)

IDIOMS
2018:
1. Take off (‫ )پروازکر جانا‬The aircraft took off to London at 8 pm.
2. Get along )‫ )اچھے تعلقات رکھنا‬Imran Khan is supposed to get along with
Narindra Modi.
3. Break down (‫ )بیمار ہو جانا‬She usually breaks down due to extreme cold weather
here.
4. Fill out (‫ )پر کرنا‬The students were advised to fill out the answer sheet properly.
5. Put off (‫ )ملتوی کرنا‬The exams were put off until December.
6. Apple of one’s eye )‫ (آنکھوں کا تارا‬The one who is loved more than others.
7. On the same page )‫(حامی بھرنا‬The President and PM were on the same page on
this matter.
8. To be taken aback (To be shocked or surprised:‫)حیران ہونا‬
2017:
9. Break off (‫ )اچانک سے خاموش ہو جانا‬She broke off as soon as she saw her father.
10. Get across (‫ )سمجھ جانا‬He has no trouble getting his point across.
11.Show off (‫ )دکھاوا کرنا‬She was showing off her new mobile phone.
12.Split up (‫ )تعلق ترک کر دینا‬I split up with her due to her arrogance.
Model Paper:
13.Stand by (‫ )وفاداری نبھانا‬We should stand by our decision.
14.To take after (‫ )شکل ملنا‬Rudolf Rassendyll took after Prince Rudolf.
15.To bring up (‫ )پرورش کرنا‬Mother brings up her child.
16.To turn down (‫ )رد کر دینا‬Many inventors had been turned down by the
Government.
2016:
17.By fits and starts )‫ (وقفے وقفے سے‬He polishes his shoes by fits and starts.
18.In short (‫ )مختصر‬He is my best friend in short.

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19.Null and void (‫ )غیر موثر‬Cramming is a null and void way of getting
knowledge.
20.In nutshell (‫ )مختصرا‬In a nutshell, he will not go to America.
21.At the eleventh hour (‫ )عین وقت پر‬Police reached here at the eleventh hour.
2015:
22.A far cry (‫ )مختلف ہونا‬My hut is a far cry from his bungalow.
23.All in all (‫ )کرتا دھرتا‬He is all in all of this school.
2014:
24.To Carry out) ‫ (مکمل کر لینا‬This reaction will be carried out in a closed
container.
25.A red letter day )‫ (یاد گار دن‬The day when I got my degree was the red letter
day of my life.
26.A bone of contention)‫ (فساد کی جڑ‬Kashmir is the bone of contention between Pakistan
and India.
27.In black and white)‫ (تحریری طور پر‬The magistrate asked for the statement in black
and white.
28.Pros and cons)‫ (ہر حال میں‬We have to thank Almighty in pros and cons.
29.To look down upon)‫ (حقارت کی نظر سے دیکھنا‬We should never look down upon the
poor people.
30.To die in harness)‫ (کام کرتے ہوئے مر جانا‬The soldiers died in a harness for their
country.
31.To call a spade a spade)‫ (صاف گوئ سے کام لینا‬The man of life upright calls a spade a
spade.
2013
32.To bring out )‫ (ظاہر کرنا‬Wiki leaks brought out the secrets of many politicians.
33.To look into)‫ (چھان بین کرنا‬Scotland Yard was looking into the martyrdom of Benazir
Bhutto.
34.To cut a sorry figure)‫ (شرمندہ ہونا‬Don’t cut a sorry figure if you have broken this
glass.
35.To break the ice)‫ (خاموشی توڑنا‬The barking of dog broke the ice in room.
36.To win laurels)‫ (شاندار کامیابی حاصل کرنا‬My students are going to win laurels in
intermediate.
37. Under a cloud)‫ (مشکل میں ہونا‬Pakistan is under a cloud nowadays due to corruption
and other evils.
38.By leaps and bounds)‫ (دن دوگنی رات چوگنی‬European nations are developing by leaps
and bounds.
39.To make out)‫ (تحریر کرنا‬He made out a letter six days ago.
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40.An apple of discord )‫ (فساد کی جڑ‬Kashmir is the apple of discord between Pakistan
and India.
41.To rain cats and dogs)‫ (گرج چمک کے ساتھ بارش ہونا‬It has been raining cats and
dogs since morning.
42.Blue blood)‫ (اعلی نسل سے ہونا‬blue blood is no guarantee of any particular
merit, competence, or expertise

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43.At one’s beck and call)‫ (حکم کی تعمیل میں ہونا‬He enjoys having servants at his
beck and call.
44.To be in hot waters )‫ (اذیت میں ہونا‬My grandfather is in hot waters due to his growing
illness.
45.A white elephant)‫ (فائدہ سے زیادہ نقصان پہچانے والی چیز‬The inventions of science are
a white elephant for students.
46.A lion’s share)‫ (ناانصافی کابٹوارہ‬The division of sub continent was simply a lion’s
share.
47.A burning question)‫ (اہم مسئلہ‬Kashmir is a burning question for Pakistan and India.
48.Once in a blue moon)‫ (کبھی کبھی‬My uncle visits my home once in a blue moon.
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49.To bury the hatchet )‫ (معاملہ رفع دفع کرنا‬Let’s bury the hatchet and become friends
once again.
50.To make both ends meet)‫ (گزارا کرنا‬The old woman hardly makes her both ends
meet.
51.To read between the lines )‫ (جس کو واضح بیان نہ کیا گیا ہو‬He is reading between the
lines of evolution theory.
52.At sixes and sevens)‫ (پریشانی کے عالم میں‬She came to my home at sixes and sevens.
53.A fair weather friend )‫ (مطلبی دوست‬A Fair weather friend always leaves on
adversity.
54.To take to heels )‫ (فرار ہو جانا‬The thief took to heel as soon as he heard the siren of
police mobile.
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55.To nip in the bud )‫ (ابتداء میں ختم کر دینا‬There was a great chance of spreading polio
but WHO nipped in the bud.
56.At daggers drawn)‫ (جانی دشمن‬Pakistan and India have been at daggers drawn since
many decades.
57.To turn the table)‫ (پانسہ پلٹ دینا‬The violent batting of Shahid Afridi turned the table.
58.To give in )‫ (حامی بھرنا‬He gave in my proposal.
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59.To beat about the bush )‫ (شیخی بگھارنا‬He always beats about the bush among his
friends.
60.From hand to mouth)‫ (مشکل سے گزارا کرنا‬The old woman is living from hand to
mouth.
61.To turn over a new leaf)‫ (نئئ تاریخ رقم کرنا‬The Muslims of sub continent turned over
a new leaf after 1940.
2008
62.To get away with )‫ (فرار ہو جانا‬The thief got away with all the money.
63.A Close shave)‫ (بال بال بچنا‬You had a close shave from accident.
64.A bolt from the blue )‫ (توقعات کے خالف‬The attack of America on Iraq was a bolt
from the blue.
65.A feather in the cap )‫ (باعث فخر ہونا‬The Nobel prize of Dr Abdul Salam was a father
in the cap.
66.To play second fiddle )‫ (رتبہ میں کم ہونا‬Pakistani cricket team is playing a second
fiddle these days.

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2112
67. Time and again )‫ (بار بار‬Pakistan loses the match time and again.
68. To break out )‫ (اچانک شروع ہونا‬Malaria broke out in India.
69. To face the music)‫ (مشکل کا سامنا کرنا‬If Indian Army attacks Pakistan, they will have to
face the music.
70. To carry on)‫ (جاری رکھنا‬The Prime Minister wants to carry the project on.
71. In a fix )‫ (مشکل میں ہونا‬She is in a fix these days due to domestic problems.
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72. For good )‫ (ہمیشہ کے لئے‬His family settled in America for good.
73. French leave )‫ (بنا اجازت کے رخصت ہونا‬The students who have got French leave would be
punished.
74. Ups and downs)‫ (اچھا اور برا وقت‬Ups and downs are the part of life.
75. To call off )‫ (منسوخ کرنا‬The exams were called off due to strike.
76.To give up)‫ (ہار مان لینا‬Pakistan Army gave up in 1971 war.
2005
77. Through thick and thin )‫ (اچھے اور برے وقت میں‬We have to be thankful through thick and thin.
78. A fish out of water)‫ (مشکل میں ہونا‬His cell phone has been stolen and now he behaves like a fish
out of water.
79. To see eye to eye)‫ (مطابقت رکھنا‬The politicians don’t see eye to eye with each other.
80. In camera)‫ (اکیلے میں‬I have to tell you something in camera.
81. To call names)‫ (گالی دینا‬He calls name to his wife after drinking a lot of wine.
82. To cry for the moon )‫ (ناممکن کی طلب رکھنا‬He is the only son of his parents that’s why he always
cries for the Moon.

DUA-E-ILM COACHING CENTER (XI-ENGLISH) ENGR. NASIM ZULFIQAR