SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Submitted To:

Dr. RAJUL SINGH

Submitted By:

SAKSHI GUPTA

PGDM 1

FT-10-934

SECTION B
INTRODUCTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Sustainable Development, as defined by the Brundtland Commission (1987) is

"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs".
It is maintaining a delicate balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and
feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which
we and future generations depend. It contains within it two key concepts:

• the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to
which overriding priority should be given; and
• The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social
organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs."

• Environmental management system (EMS) refers to the management of an

organization's environmental programs in a comprehensive, systematic, planned
and documented manner. It includes the organizational structure, planning and
resources for developing, implementing and maintaining policy for environmental
protection. An

Key elements of EMS

• Policy Statement - a statement of the organization’s commitment to the

environment
• Identification of Significant Environmental Impacts - environmental attributes of
products, activities and services and their effects on the environment
• Development of Objectives and Targets - environmental goals for the
organization
• Implementation - plans to meet objectives and targets
• Training - instruction to ensure employees are aware and capable of fulfilling
their environmental responsibilities
• Management Review
IBM – ABOUT THE COMPANY

Founded: Endicott, New York, U.S. (June 16, 1911)

Headquarters: Armonk, New York, U.S.

Industries: Computer Systems, Computer Software, Computer Hardware, IT Consultant

and IT Services.

International Business Machines is an American multinational computer,

technology and IT consulting corporation. IBM is the world's third largest technology
company and the second most valuable global brand (after Coca-Cola). IBM is one of the
few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th
century. IBM has been well known through most of its recent history as the world's
largest computer company and systems integrator. With almost 400,000 employees
worldwide, IBM is second largest (by market capitalization) and the second most
profitable information technology and services employer in the world according to the
Forbes 2000 list with sales of greater than 100 billion US dollars. IBM employees have
earned five Nobel Prizes, four Turing Awards, nine National Medals of Technology, and
five National Medals of Science. As a chip maker, IBM has been among the Worldwide
Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders in past years.

IBM has a long history in dealing with environmental problems and its
solutions. It established a corporate policy on environmental protection in 1971, with the
support of a comprehensive global environmental management system. According to
IBM, its total hazardous waste decreased by 44% over the past five years, and has
decreased by 94.6% since 1987. IBM's total hazardous waste calculation consists of
waste from both non-manufacturing and manufacturing operations. Waste from
manufacturing operations includes waste recycled in closed-loop systems where process
chemicals are recovered for subsequent reuse, rather than just disposing of them and
using new chemical materials. Over the years, IBM has redesigned processes to eliminate
almost all closed loop recycling and now uses more environmental-friendly materials in
their place. IBM has also now built a modeling solution to help protect the environment
and reduce its own Carbon Footprint using Lean and Six Sigma principles Green Sigma.
 STRATEGIES FOR THE ENVIRONMENTA MANAGEMENT

Following are the strategies :

# CO2 Emissions Reduction: GOAL: Between 1990 and 2005, IBM’s energy conservation
actions reduced or avoided CO2 emissions by an amount equal to 40% of its 1990 emissions.
To further extend this achievement, IBM set itself an aggressive “2nd generation” goal: to
reduce the CO2 emissions associated with IBM’s energy use 12% between 2005 and 2012
through energy conservation and the procurement of renewable energy. RESULT: As of year-
end 2009, the company’s energy conservation results and procurement of renewable energy
resulted in a 5.7% reduction in IBM’s energy-related CO2 emissions from the 2005 base year.

# Fluorine – Free – Photo – Acid – Generator Innovation

IBM Research recently announced its invention of a new type of fluorine-free photo-acid
generator for use in the production of semiconductors using 193 nm lithography. The photo-
acid generator is one of several components of a system of chemicals used in the
photolithography process to transfer circuit patterns onto semiconductor wafers. IBM’s
solution, on which it holds several patents, is an example of “green chemistry” inaction—
applying molecular design to invent new, more environmentally benign compounds.
# PFC Emissions Reduction: IBM releases some perfluorocompounds (PFCs) from its
semiconductor manufacturing operations. Although the releases are in relatively small amounts
(in carbon dioxide equivalents, when compared to indirect CO2 emissions), IBM was the first
semiconductor manufacturer to set a numeric reduction target for PFCs in 1998. PFC emissions
were down year-to-year in 2009 primarily due to reduced manufacturing volumes for much of
the year and the product mix.

# IBM product Design and ISO 14001

As part of IBM's, the ISO 14001 surveillance audits are used to verify
implementation of IBM's environmental management system. The corporation has taken a
two-tiered approach to addressing the requirements of ISO 14001, both at the corporate level
and also at the business unit level. At the corporate level, IBM has developed a list of
significant environmental aspects applicable to IBM products, as well as objectives and
targets for products addressing issues such as reuse and recyclability, upgradeability, use of
recycled materials, and improvement sin energy efficiency. IBM has incorporated its EMS
requirements under ISO 14001 into the formal framework of the product development
process.

# The Eco – Patent Commons:

The Eco-Patent Commons is a unique opportunity for global business to make a

difference sharing innovation to foster sustainable development. The Commons, an online
collection of environmentally beneficial patents pledged by companies for free use by anyone,
was designed to facilitate the use of existing innovation to protect the environment and
 encourage collaboration for new innovation. Examples of the environmental benefits of
patents:

• Energy conservation or improved energy or fuel efficiency

• Pollution prevention (source reduction, waste reduction)
• Use of environmentally preferable materials or substances
• Water or materials use reduction
• Increased recycling opportunity
# Climate Protection
IBM’s formal environmental and energy corporate strategy dates back to 1971 and 1974
respectively and have focused on energy efficiency and climate protection. They include:
• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the company's operations.
• Developing energy efficient products and providing diverse solutions for energy
efficient data centers
• Collaborating with its clients and others on innovations that help protect the
world's climate.

Between 1990 and 2009, IBM saved 5.1 billion kWh of electricity consumption, avoided
nearly 3.4 million metric tons of CO2 emissions (equal to 50 percent of the company's 1990 global
CO2 emissions).

# Water Conservation

IBM's evaluation of water use at its plants and labs indicates that IBM's microelectronics
operations represent its most water-intensive operations at these facilities. IBM established an
annual water savings goal of 2 percent of total annual water usage in its microelectronics
manufacturing operations in 2000, based on the water usage of the previous year and measured
as an average over a rolling 5-year period.

New water conservation and recycling initiatives in IBM's microelectronics

manufacturing operations during 2009 achieved a 3.2 percent savings. Over the past 5 years, new
water conservation and recycling initiatives at IBM's microelectronics manufacturing operations
have achieved an average 3.1 percent savings versus the 2 percent goal. DIAGRAM
 # Product Recycling and Reuse (PELM) : GOAL: Reuse or recycle end-of-life products such
that the amount of product waste sent by IBM’s PELM operations to landfills or to incineration
for treatment does not exceed a combined 3% of the total amount processed.
RESULT: In 2009, IBM’s PELM operations sent only 0.5% to landfills or to incineration
facilities for treatment.

# Pollution Prevention: Hazardous waste Management: One way to prevent pollution is to

reduce the generation of hazardous waste at its source. For waste that is generated, IBM
focuses on preventing pollution through a comprehensive, proactive waste management
program. IBM’s total worldwide hazardous waste generation decreased by 69 metric tons or
0.8 percent from 2008 to 2009. In 2009, IBM recycled 45 percent of its hazardous waste and
31.4 percent was sent to landfills. Of the total amount that went to landfills, 93 percent was
sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants. In 2009, IBM’s hazardous waste generation
indexed to output increased 8.4%.
 Non-Hazardous waste Management: includes wastes such as paper, metals, plastics,
deionized resins and nonhazardous chemicals. IBM generated 79,139 metric tons of
nonhazardous waste in 2009, representing a decrease of 16.5 percent when compared to
2008 volumes. This reduction is mainly due to a reduction of EOL IT product waste
processed and a reduction in construction activities/projects, which is reflected directly in
the amounts of nonhazardous construction debris and soil generated by IBM. In 2009, IBM
sent 76% of its nonhazardous waste to be recycled.

# Green Sigma
Green Sigma is an Active Management Six Sigma system which is currently being developed
and enhanced through the Innovation Centre in Dublin. Its goal is to manage and reduce IBM's
carbon footprint and achieve associated economic and environmental benefits. The system
focuses on carbon, water, atmospheric emissions, liquid waste, solid waste, ground emissions,
and the reporting on these elements.
• Phase I: Define Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
• Phase II: Establish Metering
• Phase III: Deploy Carbon Console
• Phase IV: Optimize Processes
• Phase V: Control Performance

# Sustainability from the Earth up: Worldwide, buildings consume 42% of all electricity—
more than any other asset. By 2025, buildings will be the largest emitters of greenhouse gases
on our planet. So how can we make our buildings smarter?

Environmentally, buildings can be made smarter by using less water and energy,
while producing less waste. Economically they can be smarter by creating operations that are
efficient, accountable and fully utilized. And the social aspects of a smarter building must take
into account the workforce's health and well-being to create an ecosystem that can change how
we work. Smarter buildings can provide lower operating costs. Reduce energy usage by up to
40%. Reduce building maintenance cost by up to 30%. Save up to 30% of water usage.

ACHEIVEMENTS

IBM has continually expanded its energy efficiency focus and has enhanced its
record of leadership. Some of IBM’S milestone accomplishments and achievements are
as follows:

• 1990-2000: received World’s Environment Center’s Gold Medal for International

Corporate Environmental Achievement, Charter member of U.S. EPA’s
ENERGY STAR Computer Program, received alliance to save energy’s star of
Energy Efficiency award, joined Pew Center on Global Climate Change’s
Business Environmental Leadership Council, Charter member of WWF’s climate
savers program.
• 2001-2005: charter member of Chicago climate exchange – committed to reduce
IBM’s direct and indirect CO2 emissions form its energy use, named in among
the Fortune 500 companies, received Low Carbon Leaders award from the climate
group in the U.K.
• 2005-2008: recognized by WWF for attaining the company’s climate leaders
goals, joined green power partnership, joined WRI’s green power market
development group in Europe, received climate protection award and became the
first company to receive this award twice, received smart way excellence award.
• 2009: among the Top 5 in Newsweek magazine’s inaugural 2009 Green Rankings,
topped the Supercomputing “Green 500 List”, selected as one of the top 20
companies in the World’s Top Sustainable Stocks, Calvert included IBM in its
new Global Sustainability Strategy portfolio, Most Valuable Pollution Prevention
(MVP2)award from the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable
 CONCLUSION

IBM with its various environmental strategies and EMS is fastly moving towards
sustainable development. But in order to make a global impact, such policies are need to be
followed by more and more companies and at the same time develop new systems that would
be beneficial for present generation and also help in preserving our precious resources for the
future generations. As for IBM, it can develop more new strategies that would be more
beneficial.

Thus, even though the concept of sustainable development is kind of new, but it
possesses a great importance in protecting and also enhancing our precious resources. And on
the other hand helps various companies to increase their goodwill and make themselves a
global citizen.