D.R.R.R.

11
Disaster Response and Risk Reduction – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Sectors of Society Vulnerable to Disasters
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the
exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Michael John M. Lopez
Editor: Melvina S. Tarcena
Reviewers: Melvina S. Tarcena
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Micaelle Lauren V. Tenorio
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Revera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Schools Division

of Pasig City
 D.R.R.R. 11
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 6
Sectors of Society Vulnerable to Disaster
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Disaster Response and Risk Reduction – Grade 11 and Self-
Learning Module on Sectors of Society Vulnerable to Disaster!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Disaster Response and Risk Reduction Self-Learning Module

on Sectors of Society Vulnerable to Disasters!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module will present to you why certain sectors of society are more
vulnerable to disaster than others. The following are the goals that are expected for
you to be achieved at the end of this module:
1. identify the different sectors who are more vulnerable to disaster;
2. analyze the reasons or factors why certain sectors of society are more
vulnerable to disaster than others;
3. describe situations that make certain sectors of society vulnerable to
disaster; and
4. value the importance of identifying ways on how to avoid or at least
mitigate the risk for the sector of society vulnerable to disaster.

PRETEST

Directions: Identify the following statements if its TRUE or FALSE. Encircle

the word “TRUE” if the statement is correct and encircle the word “FALSE” if the
statement is not.
1. Elderly people are the most vulnerable to disaster.
True False
2. Developing nations are more vulnerable than developed nations when it comes to
disaster risk.
True False
3. Rapid increase in population will make it more difficult for the government to allot
funds to cope with the effects of hazardous events.
True False
4. Increasing numbers of informal settlers exposes more people to inundations and
landslides.
True False

5. Economic vulnerability is the susceptibility of individuals, communities, and the

government to absorb the effects of hazardous events.
True False
 RECAP

Below is a crossword puzzle. I guess you will not be that alienated for this
activity because I assume that you already know how a crossword puzzle is to be
done. But to give you a direction for this activity, you will only need to answer the
series of questions and put your answers inside the box matching the question’s and
answer’s location.
ACROSS DOWN
1. Most vulnerable social group. 2. Product of vulnerability, expo-
3. An emergence of pathogens after a disaster. Sure, and hazard.
5. Most observable effects of a disaster. 4. 1990 Mt. Pinatubo explosion
7. Likelihood of a disaster. 5. A perspective of a disaster.
8.Volcanic eruption in an isolated island. 6. A hazard or a disaster.
9. Phil. Institute of Volcanology & Seismology.

1 2

9
d

Congratulations on answering most, if not all, of the questions correctly. Since

this activity serves as a “review” of your previous modules, and you were able to
answer the questions correctly, I can say that you have well-understood your
previous lessons.
Now, let’s proceed to the discussion of this new module.
 LESSON

In the previous module, we can explain the meaning of vulnerability, what

causes vulnerability, and some discussion about the possible ways on how to assess
vulnerability in our surroundings.

Now, to continue learning about Vulnerability, we are to identify the sectors

that are more vulnerable to disaster risk. Aside from that, we are also going to
recognize what makes them vulnerable to disaster risk, analyze why certain sectors
are more vulnerable to disaster than others, and lastly, let’s try to identify some ways
to avoid or at least mitigate the negative effects of a disaster. Let’s start and please
enjoy this module.

As we go back to the definition of Vulnerability, it pertains to the level of loss

to each element should a hazard of a given severity occur. The concept of
Vulnerability encompasses a wide variety of definitions. But in general, Vulnerability,
on a simpler note, means the potential to be harmed. These potential hazards will
determine the likelihood and severity of a disaster.

Vulnerability is most often associated with poverty. But it can also arise when
people are isolated, insecure, & defenseless in the face of risks, shock, or stress.

The risk of exposure of people differs on different factors such as social group,
gender, ethnic or other identities, age, etc.

SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF VULNERABILITY

Generally, there are three (3) main factors of Vulnerability, namely;

1. Social Factor;

2. Environmental Factor; &

3. Economic Factor.

SOCIAL FACTOR. Certain population groups may be more vulnerable than

others. An example is those very young and old age groups who are more exposed to
most hazards compared to any other age group.

▪ In this pandemic time, have you noticed that in most community

quarantine, the only age group who are allowed to go outside are those
between 22 – 59 years old while those under and beyond that age group
are prohibited to go outside of residence – unless if they are independently
living or no one to ask assistance because they are more vulnerable to
getting an infection?
▪ People with medical conditions, pregnant, and the likes are also being
discouraged to go outside as they are more vulnerable to infection.
 ▪ People with disabilities, homeless or street people are also more vulnerable
to hazards.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR. Developing nations are more vulnerable and are

more exposed to hazards than developed nations because of their limited ability to
adapt to changes.

▪ Disregarding wise environmental management may also rise the

vulnerability to disaster.
▪ Rapid urbanization in hazardous areas heightens vulnerability to disaster
risk.

ECONOMIC FACTOR. Economic vulnerability is the susceptibility of

individuals, communities, businesses, and governments to absorb or cushion the
effects of a hazardous event.

▪ Rural households are said to be more vulnerable to disaster risk than those
in an urban environment because of the greater number of population and
are always subject to poverty.

FUN FACT:

Did you know that the Pacific Ring of

Fire is home to 75% of the world’s
volcanoes and 90% of its earthquakes?
Countries located at this seismic belt
are more exposed to earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions making them more
vulnerable to these natural calamities.
Some counties located in this belt are
Japan and the Philippines.

Figure 1. The Pacific Ring of Fire

Source: Encyclopedia Britannica

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY #1: PICTURE ANALYSIS

Directions: Using the given pictures below, write at least 3 – 5 bulleted brief
description on how the situations being portrayed in each picture become Socially,
Environmentally, and Economically vulnerable. Please elaborate on your answers by
providing examples in your home/house and within your community.
 Picture A Picture B

Figure 2. Modern Housing Figure 3. Typical Philippine houses of

Estates informal Settlers
Source: Teoalida’s Website; Housing in the Source: Teoalida’s Website; Housing in
Philippines Philippines

ACTIVITY #2: ESSAY WRITING

Directions: Analyze the given picture below and answer the following questions in 5
or more sentences. Elaborate your answers by giving examples that can be found in
your house or within your community.

Social Factor Environmental Economic Factor

Factor

PICTURE
A

PICTURE
B
 Figure 4. Huge number of
Locally Stranded
Individuals (LSIs) gathered
in Rizal Memorial Sports
Complex in Manila waiting
for their trips home.

Source: GMA News Online.

Photo taken last Saturday,
July 25, 2020

SITUATION:
Covid-19 pandemic have imposed lots of challenges not only for the
Philippines but for the whole world. In the picture shown above, how do
you think it represent the; 1.) Social Factor; 2.) Environmental Factor; &
3.) Economic Factor of Vulnerability?

WRAP-UP

A formulated rubric is presented at the end of this part module of this module
for guidance in acquiring points. Good luck and let’s start!
Directions: Using the picture below, analyze for you to answer the given questions.
1. Using the picture below, explain the factors of Vulnerability and discuss what
makes it be of the following factors of Vulnerability:

Figure 5. Homeless 1.1 Social Factor;

families watch a 1.2 Environmental
movie on a compact Factor; &
DVD player, using
1.3 Economic
electricity tapped
from a supply at a
Factor.
public park in Manila
on September 22,
2014 (AFP
Photo/Noel Celis)

VALUING

DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze the following situations and then answer the given
questions in 3 – 5 sentences. Do not confine your answer with just a word or couple
of words but instead, expound your answers by giving examples.
SITUATION #1
You chose to live in a coastal area because of how serene the location, its
natural beauty, and of course a picturesque quality of the environment. 1.) What
factor(s) of vulnerability does your situation fall under or you may experience; & 2.)
how can you avoid or at least mitigate the negative effects of your exposure to a
vulnerability?
SITUATION #2
Your best friend told you that his/her family decided to settle in a
mountainous village in Baguio City. Explain to her the; 1.) Factor of Vulnerability
they may fall under or experience; 2.) the vulnerability that they may be exposed to;
& 3.) the ways on how they can avoid or mitigate the negative effects of the risk to
exposure.

POSTTEST

DIRECTIONS: Please read each question carefully before reading the answer options.
Be aware that some questions may seem to have more than one right answer, but
you are to look for the one that makes the most sense and is the most correct. When
you have a clear idea of the question, find your answer, and mark your selection on
the answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is the most vulnerable to disaster?
A. Elderly individuals.
B. Medication-independent individuals.
C. Both letters A and B are correct.
D. Neither of the above choices is correct.
2. What makes developing countries more vulnerable to disaster?
A. Due to the scarcity of resources for disaster response.

B. The implementation of a disaster risk management plan.

C. The number of informal settlers living in a community.
D. Because of the increasing and rapid growth of the population.
3. Why are elderly individuals specifically the senior citizens who are more vulnerable
to disaster?
A. Because they are old enough.
B. Because they lack education about disaster response.
C. Because they cannot comprehend disaster preparedness.
 VALUING (Expected Answer)
Situation #2: 1.) The situation of my best friend will fall under the 3 factors of
Vulnerability, but I think we are greatly to be affected by Environmental factors
because as we all know, Baguio City is mountainous which is prone to
landslides; 2.) I will also tell my friend that they are exposed to landslides as
their place is mountainous; 3.) I will tell my friend to make a house strong
enough for landslides or if not possible, I will advise my friend to prepare
emergency kits in case of one.
VALUING (Expected Answer)
Situation #1: 1.) Our situation will fall under the 3 factors of Vulnerability,
but I think we are greatly to be affected by Environmental factors because as
we all know, coastal areas are prone to tsunami and most often, it is the first
one to be hit by a typhoon; 2.) One way is to make our house sturdier with
enough foundations for support but since natural disaster come in a most
unexpected way, we should have an evacuation plan, stock of ready-to-eat
foods, clothes, and other basic necessities crucial for survival.
RECAP RECAP PRE-TEST
Down: Across: 1. False
2. Disaster Risk 1. Children 2. True
4. Disaster 3. Biological 3. True
5. Political 5. Physical 4. True
6. Avalanche 7. Vulnerability 5. True
8. Hazard
9. PHIVOLCS
KEY TO CORRECTION
D. Population B. Education
C. Location A. Age group
social factor.
5. Which of the following is the best indicator of exposure and vulnerability to the
D. Population B. Education
C. Location A. Age group
environmental factor?
4. Which of the following determines the likelihood of vulnerability for the
D. Because of their limited physical ability to respond to a disaster.
 Not submitting any work. 0
personal insights.
1
Copied the work of others. Displays no independent thoughts or
concept.
2
Incomplete work. Writing shows little or no understanding of the
superficial.
Writing shows adequate understanding but maybe too general or 3
Wrong use of capitalization, punctuation marks, and indention.
effective idea while showing a clear understanding of the concept.
4
Correct and appropriate content but lack of neatness. Presents an
and a clear understanding of the concept.
topic. Originally presents fresh ideas while displaying strong insights 5
Write the essay nicely and it has appropriate content related to the
SCORES
INDICATORS
RAW
RUBRIC FOR WRITTEN WORKS (Essay)
WRAP-UP POST-TEST
1.As shown in the picture, it represents the different factors of 1. C
Vulnerability namely Social, Environmental, & Economic
Factors. 2. A
1.1 It shows Social Vulnerability because we see children who 3. D
are more vulnerable to disaster such as diseases. I can also 4. C
see elderly who is like children, vulnerable to disaster.
5. D.
1.2 It is environmentally vulnerable because they have no
house to live in making them exposed to a wide variety of
hazards making them more vulnerable.
1.3 Having no house to live in is equivalent also to Economic
Vulnerable. They are Economically Vulnerable because they
have a limited resource for them to survive a hazard, hence,
making them vulnerable to disaster.
References:
Belen, Josefina G. and Rimando, Rolly E. (2016), Disaster Readiness and Risk
Reduction (first edition). Rex Book Store, Inc. Manila, Philippines.

“Vulnerability to Natural Hazards.” Vulnerability to Natural Hazards | GEOG 30N:

Environment and Society in a Changing World. Accessed July 24, 2020.
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/379.

“What Is Vulnerability?” IFRC. Accessed July 24, 2020. https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-

we-do/disaster-management/about-disasters/what-is-a-disaster/what-is-
vulnerability/.

“Vulnerability and Risk: Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management.” ODPM.

Accessed July 24, 2020. http://www.odpm.gov.tt/node/162.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Ring of Fire.” Encyclopædia Britannica.

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., May 22, 2020.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Ring-of-Fire.

“What Is the Ring of Fire?” Facts About the Ring of Fire, January 17, 2020.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/earth/ring-of-fire/.

Teoalida. “Housing in Philippines.” Teoalida's website, May 30, 2020.

https://www.teoalida.com/world/philippines/.

“Manila Homeless Removed from Streets, Kept at Luxury Resort during Papal Visit - UCA
News.” ucanews.com. Accessed July 27, 2020.
https://www.ucanews.com/news/manila-homeless-removed-from-streets-kept-at-
luxury-resort-during-papal-visit/72852.

GMA News Online. “Thousands of LSIs Gather in Manila Prior to Their Trips Home,” July
25, 2020. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/748431/thousands-
of-lsis-gather-in-manila-prior-to-their-trips-home/story/.