Assignment -40% (to be submitted on the date of final exam)

1. Briefly explain the topics that you are assigned to. You need to illustrate using practical
examples.
A. Probability Sampling Techniques
B. Non-probability Sampling Techniques
C. Simple Random Sampling (Lottery and Random Number Methods of Selection)
D. Systematic Random Sampling (Linear and Circular Systematic Sampling)
E. Stratified Sampling (Equal and Proportional Allocation Methods)
F. Cluster Sampling
G. Multistage Sampling
H. Quota Sampling)
I. Judgment Sampling)
J. Convenience Sampling)
K. Snowball Sampling)
L. Sampling and Non-sampling Errors
2. The following frequency distribution table provided information on number of defective teeth
per child from a sample of 400 children attended a certain dental clinic.
Number of defective teeth Number of children
0 64
1 168
2 ?
3 42
4 32
5 22
A. What proportions of children have exactly two defective teeth?
B. What proportions of children have at most three defective teeth?
C. What proportions of children have three or four defective teeth?
D. What proportions of children have more than five defective teeth?
3. If the total cholesterol values for a certain population are approximately normally distributed
with a mean of 200 mg/100 ml and a standard deviation of 20 mg/100 ml, find the probability
that an individual picked at random from this population will have a cholesterol value

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 A. between 180 and 200 mg/100 ml.
B. greater than 225 mg/100 ml.
C. less than 150 mg/100 ml.
4. Consider the random variable representing the number of episodes of measles in the first 5
years of life. Suppose this random variable has a probability distribution function as below.
Episodes of measles (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(X=x) 0.3 0.2 ? 0.1 0.05 0.05
A. Find the missing probability?
B. Find P(1≤X<4)?
C. Find also the mean and variance of the probability distribution.
5. Suppose it is known that 10% of a certain population is HIV positive. If a random sample of 4
is drawn from this population, what is the probability of at least one of them being HIV
positive? How many individuals are you expected to be infected?
6. A group of researchers wants to assess prevalence of a certain disease in a given community
of size 9000. And the researchers decide to take a representative sample from the community.
Based on previous literatures the prevalence in the area is 50% and the researchers want to be
precise with 5% margin of error. Assuming that the samples will be selected using simple
random sampling, calculate the final sample size?
7. The mean diastolic blood pressure for 100 randomly selected individuals is 75 mmHg with a
standard deviation of 15 mmHg. Construct the 95% confidence interval for the population
mean diastolic blood pressure and interpret it.
8. In a study of children with congenital heart disease, researchers gathered data on age in
months of walking from 18 children with acyanotic congenital heart disease; the data are
recorded below. Assume that the data is coming from a population test whether the average
age of walking for the population of acyanotic children is significantly different from 12.0
months.
Child Age (months) Child Age (months) Child Age (months)
1 15.0 7 14.5 13 14.2
2 11.0 8 13.8 14 16.0
3 14.2 9 12.8 15 13.5
4 10.0 10 10.2 16 9.2

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 5 12.0 11 14.0 17 15.0
6 14.2 12 14.8 18 16.5
9. We are interested in the probability of developing asthma over a given one-year period for
children 0 to 4 years of age whose mothers smoke in the home. In the general population of 0
to 4-year-olds, the annual incidence of asthma is 1.4%. If 10 cases of asthma are observed
over a single year in a sample of 500 children whose mothers smoke, can we conclude that
this is different from the underlying probability of 0.014?
10. A study was conducted to investigate the possible cause of gastroenteritis outbreak following
a lunch served in a high school cafeteria. Among the 225 students who ate the sandwiches,
109 became ill. While, among the 38 students who did not eat the sandwiches, 4 became ill.
Is there a significant difference between the two groups?
11. Researchers wish to know a difference in mean serum uric acid (SUA) levels between normal
individuals and individuals with Down’s syndrome. The means SUA levels on 10 individuals
with Down’s syndrome and 13 normal individuals are 4.5 and 3.4 mg/100 ml, respectively.
With variances (s2=1, s2=1.5, respectively). Is there a difference between the means of both
groups?
12. A researcher wished to estimate the difference between the proportions of users of two
shampoos who are satisfied with the product. In a sample of 400 users of Shampoo A taken
by this researcher, 78 said they are satisfied. In another sample of 500 users of Shampoo B
taken by the same researcher, 92 said they were satisfied. Construct a 90% confidence
interval for the true difference between the two population proportions. Based on the
information from the CI can you conclude that there is a difference between the two
shampoos?
13. Patients arrive in a certain hospital at an average rate of 2.5 every hour. What is the
probability that there will be 3 or more patients in a given hour?
14. The drug Prevnar is a vaccine meant to prevent meningitis. In clinical trials, the vaccine was
given to 710 randomly selected children 12-15 months of age. Of these, 121 experienced
“appetite loss” as a side effect. Is there a significant evidence that 15% of all children who
take Prevnar will have loss of appetite as a side effect at the ᾳ = 0.10 level?

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15. Suppose that in a certain area, 10% of the population is color blind. If a random sample of 25
people is drawn from this population, what is the probability that at least two will be color
blind?
16. A survey was conducted on a random sample of 1,000 rural residents. Residents were asked
whether they have health insurance. 650 individuals surveyed said they do have health
insurance, and 350 said they do not have health insurance. Compute the 95% CI for the
population proportion of rural residents with health insurance.
17. A special diet was given to 16 children and their gain in weight was recorded over a 3‐month
period. Their mean gain in weight was found to be 2.49 kg. A control group consisting of 16
children of similar background and physique had normal meals during the same period and
gained 2.05 kg on average. Assume that the population standard deviation for weight gains is
0.8 kg. Is the evidence strong enough for us to assert that the special diet really promotes
weight gain?
18. Trace metals in drinking water affect the flavor and an unusually high concentration can pose
a health hazard. Ten pairs of data were taken measuring zinc concentration in bottom water
and surface water.

Location
Zinc concentration
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Bottom water 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7

Surface water 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6

Does the data suggest that the true average concentration in the bottom water exceeds that of
surface water?