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This document discusses spontaneous miscarriage and recurrent pregnancy loss. It defines miscarriage as the natural loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation. Common causes include abnormal fetal development and a failure of the corpus luteum to produce enough progesterone. Complications can include hemorrhage and infection. Recurrent miscarriage is defined as three losses at the same gestational age. Other conditions discussed include ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, cervical insufficiency, placenta previa, abruption placentae, preeclampsia, anemia, gestational diabetes, seizures, and abnormalities in amniotic fluid levels.

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Frank Jomari Murillo
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44 views

Reviewer

This document discusses spontaneous miscarriage and recurrent pregnancy loss. It defines miscarriage as the natural loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation. Common causes include abnormal fetal development and a failure of the corpus luteum to produce enough progesterone. Complications can include hemorrhage and infection. Recurrent miscarriage is defined as three losses at the same gestational age. Other conditions discussed include ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, cervical insufficiency, placenta previa, abruption placentae, preeclampsia, anemia, gestational diabetes, seizures, and abnormalities in amniotic fluid levels.

Uploaded by

Frank Jomari Murillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NCM 109 Reviewer

SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Abortion is a medical term for any interruption of a Women who had three spontaneous miscarriages that
pregnancy before a fetus is viable. occurred at the same gestational age were called
“habitual aborters.”
Spontaneous Miscarriage is the loss of pregnancy
naturally before twenty weeks of gestation. COMPLICATIONS OF MISCARRIAGE

COMMON CAUSES Hemorrhage and infection are two of the most likely
complications after miscarriage.
Abnormal fetal development, due either to a
teratogenic factor or a chromosomal aberration. ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Miscarriage may also occur if the corpus luteum on the Is one in which implantation occurred outside the
ovary fails to produce enough progesterone to maintain uterine cavity. The most common site in the fallopian
the decidua basalis. tube.

ASSESSMENT GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE


(HYDATIDIFORM MOLE)
The presenting symptom of spontaneous miscarriage is
almost always vaginal spotting. Is abnormal proliferation and then degeneration of the
trophoblastic villi. Appear as clear fluid-filled, grape-
DIAGNOSIS
sized vesicles.
Threatened Miscarriage
CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY (PREMATURE CERVICAL
Symptoms of a threatened miscarriage begin as vaginal DILATATION)
bleeding, initially only scant and usually bright red.
Termed an incompetent cervix. Cervix that dilates
Slight cramping, but no cervical dilatation is present on prematurely and therefore cannot retain a fetus until
vaginal examination. term.

Imminent (Inevitable) Miscarriage PLACENTA PREVIA

Uterine contractions and cervical dilation occur as, with A condition of pregnancy in which the placenta is
cervical dilation, the loss of the products of conception implanted abnormally in the lower part of the uterus.
cannot be halted.
ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE
Complete Miscarriage
Premature separation of the placenta. The placenta
The entire products of conception (fetus, placenta, and appears to have been implanted correctly.
membranes) are expelled spontaneously without any
PREECLAMPSIA
assistance.
a pregnancy related disease process evidenced by
Incomplete Miscarriage
increased blood pressure and proteinuria.
Part of the conceptus (usually the fetus) is expelled, but
ANEMIA
the membranes of placenta are retained in the uterus.
A condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood
Missed Miscarriage
cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body tissues.
Also commonly referred to as early pregnancy failure,
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
the fetus never dies in utero but not expelled.
A condition in which hormone made by the placenta
prevents the body from using insulin effectively.

Aileen L. Martinez, SN.


NCM 109 Reviewer

TONIC – CLONIC SEIZURES

Loses of consciousness, muscles stiffen, and jerking


movements are seen.

POLYHYDRAMNIOS

The excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid.

OLYGOHYDRAMNIOS

Refers to a pregnancy with less than the average


amount of amniotic fluid.

Aileen L. Martinez, SN.

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