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10 Relative Density & Types of Soils in India

The document discusses the different types of soils found in India including alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, desert soil, mountain soil, saline and alkaline soil, and peaty and marshy soil. It provides details on the composition, characteristics, distribution and suitable crops for each soil type.

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ASWIN padmakumar
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76 views

10 Relative Density & Types of Soils in India

The document discusses the different types of soils found in India including alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, desert soil, mountain soil, saline and alkaline soil, and peaty and marshy soil. It provides details on the composition, characteristics, distribution and suitable crops for each soil type.

Uploaded by

ASWIN padmakumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TYPES OF SOILS

— Alluvial soils
— Black soils
— Red soils
— Laterite soils
— Desert soils
— Mountain soils
— Saline and Alkaline soils
— Peaty and Marshy soils
ALLUVIAL SOIL
— Formed by deposition of alluvium by rivers.
— Occupies 15 Lakh sqkm area in India.
— Contribute greatly in agricultural development.
— Two types: KHADAR & BHANGAR
— KHADAR: Newer alluvium.
— Sandy, pale brown composition.
— Found in lower areas.
— Flooded every year.
ALLUVIAL SOIL
— BANGAR: Older alluvium.
— Clayey & dark in colour.
— Coarse in nature.
— Contains Kankar (lime nodules), Pebbles and Gravels.
— Represents riverine alluvium of Himalayan rivers.
ALLUVIAL SOIL
—Characteristics: Transported soils.
— Coarser in upper section and finest in delta.
— Light to dark in colour.
— Rich in Potash & Humus.
— Poor in Phosphorous and Nitrogen.
— Highly fertile, good for all crops (kharif & rabi).
— Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute.
— Areas: Punjab, Haryana, U.P, Bihar, W.B, Assam, Parts
of Orissa, delta regions of S.India
BLACK SOIL
— Also known as Regur or Black Cotton soil.
— Dark grey to Black in colour.
— High clay content.
— Highly moist retentive.
— Develops cracks in summer.
— Covers 5.4 lakh sqkm.
— Highly suitable for cotton.
— Rich in iron, lime, calcium, Magnesium, carbonates,
and alumina.
BLACK SOIL
— Poor in Phosphorous, Nitrogen and Organic matter.
— Areas: Deccan Trap which includes: Maharastra, Wn
M.P, Parts of A.P, Nn Karnataka, Parts of T.N and
Rajasthan.
— Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Millets, Rice,
Wheat, Oilseeds.
RED SOIL
— Formed due to weathering of old crystalline rocks.
— More sandy and less clayey.
— Rich in iron, small amount of Humus.
— Poor in phosphorus, nitrogen and lime.
— Slightly acidic and do not retain moisture.
— 3.5 lakhs sq.km area.
— Porous and Friable.
RED SOIL
— Area :
— Tamil Nadu, Southern Karnataka, parts of Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Eastern
Rajasthan, North eastern States.

— Crops :
— Ragi, Groundnut, millet, Tobacco, Potato, Rice, Wheat,
Sugarcane.
LATERITE SOIL
— Latin word meaning brick.
— Formed under high temperature and rainfall with wet
and dry spell.
— Silica is leached due to high rainfall.
— Remnants of iron and aluminum oxides left behind is
know as Laterite.
— Brown to Yellowish colour.
— Becomes hard when exposed to atmosphere.
— Used as building material.
LATERITE SOIL
— Rich in Iron.
— Poor in Lime, Potash, & Magnesium.
— Occupies 2.4 Lakh sqkm.

— Areas: Parts of Assam, Karnataka, T.N, A.P, M.P,


Kerala.

— Crops: Tea, Coffee, Cashew, Rubber and Coconut.


DESERT SOIL
— Contains soluble salts.
— Originated by Mechanical disintegration & wind deposit.
— Porous and coarse.
— 90% sand & 5% clay.
— Rich in Nitrates & Phosphates.
— Poor in Nitrogen & Humus.
— Friable, sandy & low moist content.
— 1.4 Lakh sqkm.
DESERT SOIL
— Areas: Arid and Semi arid regions of Rajasthan, Sn
Haryana, Punjab, Nn Gujarat.

— Crops: Drought resistant crops like millets and


barley.
MOUNTAIN SOIL
— Found in hill slopes.
— Formed by deposition of organic matter from forest.
— Rich in humus.
— Poor in Potash and Lime.
— Areas: Assam, Kashmir, Sikkim & Arunachal
Pradesh.
— Crops: Tea, Coffee, Spices & Tropical Fruits.
SALINE & ALKALINE SOIL

— Contains salts like Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium.


— Infertile, unfit for cultivation.
— Sandy to loamy in texture.

— Areas:
— Parts of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, U.P &
Maharashtra.
PEATY AND MARSHY SOIL

— Occur in Humid region.


— Formed by accumulation of organic matter.
— Black in colour.
— Highly acidic and heavy.

— Areas:
— Kottayam & Alleppey in Kerala, Coastal Orissa,
Sundarbans of W.B

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