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Assignment II

This document contains 15 questions regarding analysis of composite materials, including: 1) Finding stresses in local axes given stresses in global axes for a 30° ply 2) Transforming stiffness and compliance matrices for a 60° angle lamina 3) Determining the relationship between transformed compliance matrices for 0° and 90° laminae

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Saurav Kumar
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44 views

Assignment II

This document contains 15 questions regarding analysis of composite materials, including: 1) Finding stresses in local axes given stresses in global axes for a 30° ply 2) Transforming stiffness and compliance matrices for a 60° angle lamina 3) Determining the relationship between transformed compliance matrices for 0° and 90° laminae

Uploaded by

Saurav Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA


ADVANCED COMPOSITES (ME-6134)
SPRING 2021-22
ASSIGNMENT-II
1. The stresses in the global axes of a 30° ply are given as αx = 4 MPa, αy = 2 MPa, and Ƭxy = 3
MPa. Find the stresses in the local axes. Are the stresses in the local axes independent of
elastic moduli? Why or why not?
2. Find the transformed reduced stiffness matrix and transformed compliance matrix for a 60°
angle lamina of a boron/epoxy lamina. Use the properties of a unidirectional boron/epoxy lamina
from Table 1.
Table 1: Typical Mechanical Properties of a Unidirectional Lamina (SI System of Units).

3. What is the relationship between the elements of the transformed compliance matrix for a 0˚
and 90° lamina?
4. For a 60° angle lamina of boron/epoxy under stresses in global axes as σx = 4 MPa, σy = 2
MPa, and Ƭxy = –3 MPa, and using the properties of a unidirectional boron/epoxy lamina from
Table 1, find the following
 Global strains
 Local stresses and strains
 Principal normal stresses and principal normal strains
 Maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain
5. A uniaxial load is applied to a 10° ply. The linear stress-strain curve along the line of load is
related as σx = 123εx, where the stress is measured in GPa and strain in m/m. Given E1 = 180
GPa, E2 = 10 GPa and ν12 = 0.25, find the value of (1) shear modulus, G12; and (2) modulus Ex
for a 60° ply.
6. The tensile modulus of a 0°, 90°, and 45° graphite/epoxy ply is measured as follows to give E1
= 26.25 Msi, E2 = 1.494 Msi, Ex = 2.427 Msi for the 45° ply, respectively.
 What is the value Ex for a 30° ply?
 Can you calculate the values of ν12 and G12 from the previous
 three measured values of elastic moduli?
7. Can the value of the modulus, Ex, of an angle lamina be greater than both the longitudinal and
transverse Young’s modulus of a unidirectional lamina?
8. Consider a unidirectional glass/epoxy laminate of size 500 mm × 500 mm × 5 mm. The fibers
are oriented at an angle of 30° to the x-direction. If the temperature is raised by 25°C, determine
the changes in dimensions. Assume the following data: α1 = 8 × 10−6 m/m/°C and α2 = 20 × 10−6
m/m/°C.

1
9. An angle glass/epoxy lamina is subjected to a shear stress Ƭxy = 0.4 ksi in the global axes
resulting in a shear strain γxy = 468.3 μin./in. in the global axes. What is the angle of the ply?
Use the properties of unidirectional glass/epoxy lamina from Table 2.
Table 2: Typical Mechanical Properties of a Unidirectional Lamina (SI System of Units).

10. Starting from the expression for the reduced stiffness element

Derive the expression

11. Reduce the Tsai–Wu failure theory for an isotropic material with equal ultimate tensile and
compressive strengths and a shear strength that is 40% of the ultimate tensile strength.
12. For a graphite/epoxy unidirectional lamina, find the transformed compliance matrix and
transformed reduced stiffness matrix. The properties of unidirectional graphite/epoxy lamina
are: E1 = 181 GPa, E2 = 10.3 GPa, ν12 = 0.28, G12 = 7.17 GPa. Determine [A], [B] and [D]
matrices for the glass/epoxy laminate [45°/−45°/45°/−45°] with following material properties:
E1 = 40 GPa, E2 = 6 GPa, ν12 = 0.25 and G12 = 4 GPa. Each ply is 1.25 mm in thickness.
13. Find the off-axis shear strength of a 60° glass/epoxy lamina using the maximum stress failure
theory. The properties of unidirectional glass/epoxy lamina are: (σ1T)ult = 1062 MPa, (σ1C)ult =
610 MPa, (σ2T)ult = 31 MPa, (σ2C)ult = 118 MPa and τ12 = 72.
14. Consider a unidirectional glass/epoxy lamina with the following properties:
α1 = 8 × 10−6 m/m/°C, α2 = 20 × 10−6 m/m/°C, β1 = 0.01 m/m/kg/kg, β2 = 0.06 m/m/kg/kg, E1
= 40 GPa, E2 = 6 GPa, ν12 = 0.25, and G12 = 4 GPa If the lamina is subjected to a temperature
rise of 50°C and it absorbs moisture at 0.01 kg/kg, determine the hygrothermal stresses and
strains. Consider the following two cases:
specially orthotropic lamina fully constrained in the longitudinal direction.
Generally orthotropic lamina at a lamina angle of 30°, fully constrained in the x-direction.
15. A bidirectional woven composite ply may yield equal longitudinal and transverse Young’s
modulus but is still orthotropic. Determine the angles of the ply for which the shear modulus
(Gxy) are maximum and minimum. Also, find these maximum and minimum values. Given: E1
= 69 GPa, E2 = 69 GPa, ν12 = 0.3, G12 = 20 GPa.

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