Question Bank

Thermodynamics
Part – A

1. Differentiate between –
i) Reversible and irreversible process,
ii) Adiabatic and isothermal process.
2. How would you predict the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, given changes in enthalpy
and entropy?
3. State the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system undergoing cyclic process.
4. Calculate the change in entropy, in joules, when 5 moles of an ideal gas expands from a
value of 4 lits. to 40 lits. at 27°C. (R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1)
5. In thermodynamics language what is the meaning of the following terms?
i) Open and closed systems.
ii) Intensive and extensive properties.
6. What is spontaneous process? Give examples.
7. What is state and path functions? Give examples.
8. Obtain an expression for work done during reversible isothermal expansion.
9. Explain the terms open, closed and isolated system. Give examples.
10. Calculate the efficiency of a Carnot engine operating reversibly between 40°C to 20°C.
11. What is a thermodynamic process? Give a brief account of any two such processes.
12. ‘q’ is a path function. Under what conditions it will be a state function?
13. Define & explain homogenous and heterogeneous systems with examples.
14. When is a system said to have attained equilibrium. Explain.
15. The change in entropy of a system, in a process is positive. Could the process be a
spontaneous one? Explain.
16. Explain briefly the significance of entropy
17. Calculate the work done when 2 mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversible
from 10 atm. To 2 atm. Pressure at 27 0C
18. What happens to Internal Energy of a system ,if work is done (i) by the system,(ii) on the
system.
19. Calculate the change in Entropy accompanying the isothermal expansion of 5 moles of an
ideal gas to 6 times to its initial volume at 330 k.
Part – B
20. Define the first law of thermodynamics in its various forms. What are its limitations?
21. 10 moles of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly from a volume if 5 lit. to 50
lit. at 25°C. What is the maximum work done? Express the result in Joules.
22. Obtain an expression relating T and V in an adiabatic reversible expansion of a gas obeying
the equation of state PV = nRT.
23. One mole of an ideal gas at 0°C is compressed adiabatically reversibly to a pressure of 20
times its initial pressure. Calculate the final temperature.(v=1.4)
24. Derive Gibbs – Helmoltz equation. What are its applications?
25. A Heat engine operating between temperatures 500 K and 300 K rejects 6 Kcal of heat to
the sink. How much heat it could have absorbed from the high temperature reservoir?
26. Derive the expression PV r
= constant for an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic reversible
expansion.
27. Two moles of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly to ten times its volume at
25°C. Calculate the change in entropy during the process. ( R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1)
28. One mole of H2 at 300 K occupies a volume of 10 lits in a cylinder fitted with a piston. It is
expanded isothermally to 20 lits. Assuming ideal behavior for the gas, calculate W, Q, ΔE,
ΔH, if the expansion is carried out (i) reversibly, (ii) against a constant external pressure of
0.1 atm., (iii) against zero external pressure.
29. Discuss briefly the conditions for equilibrium and spontaneity of a reaction in terms of
change of free energy.
30. In a cyclic process of a system, the heat transfers involved are +14.7 KJ, - 25.2 KJ, -3.56
KJ, + 31.5 KJ. What is the network involved in the process.
31. Show that the total change in entropy of the system and surroundings is greater than zero
for an irreversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas.
32. Write a note on enthalpy, internal energy and entropy.
33. Give various statements of the second law of thermodynamics.
34. The enthalpy change in a reaction is – 22.6 kcal. The entropy change for the same reaction
is – 45.2 kcal K-1. Calculate the free energy change at 27°C and 327 °C. At what
temperature the reaction is spontaneous? What is the temperature of equilibrium?
35. One mole of ideal gas is subjected to thermodynamic process in which 512 J of heat flows
into the system and 387 J of work is done by the system. Calculate the change in
temperature. (C v = 12.47)
36. Calculate the entropy change in melting of 5 gm of ice at 00C .Given that molar heat of
fusion of ice is 1440 Cal.
37. Compare the reversible work done in isothermal and adiabatic process ,which process gives
maximum work ,why.?
38. Explain how free energy helps in predicting spontaneity of a reaction.
39. Calculate the amount of work obtain in isothermal reversible expansion of 20 gm of Ar . At
27 0C from a pressure of 4 atm to 1 atm.
40. State the first law of thermodynamics. Deduce its mathematical form and explain the terms
involved. Write the sign conventions for q & w.
41. 1 mole of an ideal mono atomic gas at 298 K and pressure of 5 atm is expanded to a final
pressure of 1 atm. Calculate
(a) Final temperature of the gas
(b) Heat absorbed by the gas
(c) Work done by the gas
(d) Change in internal energy
(e) Change in enthalpy
For each process taking place under
(a) Isothermal reversible process
(b) Isothermal irreversible process
(c) Adiabatic reversible process.
(d) Adiabatic irreversible process.
42. Explain why the efficiency of Carnot Engine working between two temperatures is
never unity.
43. A gas expands against a const external pressure of 1atm from a volume of 20 lit to
30 lit. Calculate the work done in joules.
44. Discuss Entropy change in reversible and irreversible process.
45. Calculate q, w, ΔE, ΔH for a reversible isothermal expansion of 2 moles of an ideal gas at
300C from 1dm3 to 2dm3.
46. Gibbs free energy of a reaction at 270C and 370C are -20 k.cals and -30 k.cals. Calculate
ΔH, ΔS in this temperature range.
47. Describe Carnot’s cycle for establishing the maximum convertibility of heat into work?
Phase rule
48. What is phase of system? How many phases are present in each of the following systems?
a) Mixture of N2, H2 and O2.
b) A piece of molten ice.
c) mixture of monoclinic and rhombic sulphur.
49. Explain the term component. How many components are present in the following systems?
a) water in equibrium water vapour
b) aqueous NaCl solution
50. State phase rule calculate the degree of freedom for the following systems?
a) solid ice in equilibrium liquid water
b) mixture of N2 and O2
51. Explain with a neat labeled phase diagram for one component - water system?
52. a) Draw a neat sketch of phase diagram of Pb-Ag system and label various regions of the
Diagram?
b) Apply phase rule equation to each region and calculate the number of degrees of freedom?
53. What is eutectic mixture? Give its commercial importance.
54. Discuss the application of phase rule to Pb-Ag system?
55. What is triple point?
56. State phase rule and differentiate the terms phase and components with suitable examples?