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Materials Today: Proceedings: Sharad Kumar Barve, Qazi Aftab Kabir, Divya Gautam, Masroor Mohmmad, Ramakant Bhardwaj

This paper proves a common fixed point theorem for four pairs of mappings which satisfy the (E.A) property in b-metric spaces. The theorem generalizes several existing common fixed point results. An example is given to show that the result extends previous theorems. The established results satisfy known fixed point theorems and are useful in mechanical problems and image/deep learning applications.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views

Materials Today: Proceedings: Sharad Kumar Barve, Qazi Aftab Kabir, Divya Gautam, Masroor Mohmmad, Ramakant Bhardwaj

This paper proves a common fixed point theorem for four pairs of mappings which satisfy the (E.A) property in b-metric spaces. The theorem generalizes several existing common fixed point results. An example is given to show that the result extends previous theorems. The established results satisfy known fixed point theorems and are useful in mechanical problems and image/deep learning applications.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Materials Today: Proceedings 47 (2021) 6867–6869

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Materials Today: Proceedings


journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr

Fixed points results in b-metric spaces


Sharad Kumar Barve a, Qazi Aftab Kabir b,⇑, Divya Gautam c, Masroor Mohmmad d, Ramakant Bhardwaj e
a
Department of Mathematics, J. H. Govt. P. G. College, Betul 460001, MP, India
b
Department of Mathematics, Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu 180016, India
d
Department of Mathematics, Safia Science College, Bhopal 462021, India
c
Department of CSE, ASET, Amity University, Gwalior 474020, Madhya Pradesh, India
e
Department of Mathematics, Amity University, Kolkata 700157, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for four pairs of mappings which satisfy the ðE:AÞ
Received 5 October 2020 property in bmetric spaces. The proposed theorem expands and generalizes several well-known com-
Received in revised form 21 March 2021 parable results in the literature. Example is given showing that our result is proper extensions of the
Accepted 6 May 2021
existing ones. Obtained results are useful in solving Mechanical problems as well as in image processing
Available online 5 June 2021
and deep learning. The established results satisfy the previous well known results.
Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
Fixed points
Common fixed points
ence on Advances in Design, Materials and Manufacturing.
Weakly compatible mappings
(E.A)-property
B-metric space

1. Introduction 2. Definitions preliminaries

The concept of b-metric space was introduced by czerwik [9] in


1993, which used it to prove a generalization of the Banach con-
traction principle in spaces endowed with such kind of metrics. Definition. 2:1: [7] Let ðX; dÞ be a nonempty set and s  1 be a
Since then, this notion has been used by many authors to obtain given real number. A function d : X  X ! ½0; 1Þ is a b-metric if, for
various fixed point theorems. Aydi et al. [2] proved common fixed all x; y; z 2 X; the following conditions are satisfied:
point results for single valued and multi-valued mappings satisfy-
ðb1Þdðx; yÞ ¼ 0ifandonlyifx ¼ y;
ing a weak ucontraction in b-metric spaces.
In 2002, Aamari and El Moutawakil [1] defined a new property
ðb2Þdðx; yÞ ¼ dðy; xÞ;
called the ðE:AÞ property which generalizes the concept of non-
compatible mappings and proved some common fixed point theo-
ðb3Þdðx; zÞ  s½dðx; yÞ þ dðy; zÞ
rems: Recently, Ozturk and Turkoglu [10] proved common fixed
point theorems for mappings satisfying ðE:AÞproperty in b- In this case, the pair ðX; dÞ is called a b-metric space.
metric spaces. Different authors apply this concept to prove the It should be noted that, the class of b-metric spaces is
existence of common fixed points (see [2–5]): effectively larger than that of metric spaces; every metric is a b-
In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for metric with s ¼ 1:
weakly compatible mappings satisfying ðE:AÞproperty in b-
metric spaces. Which involves improvement and generalization
Definition. 2:2:[9] Let fxn g be a sequence in a b-metric space
of the fixed points due to Ozturk and Turkoglu [10]; Ozturk and
ðX; dÞ:
Radenovi [11]:
 fxn g is called b-convergent if and only if there is x 2 X such that
dðxn ; xÞ ! 0 as n ! 1:
⇑ Corresponding author.  fxn g is a b-Cauchy sequence if and only if dðxn ; xm Þ !
E-mail address: [email protected] (Q. Aftab Kabir). 0asn; m ! 1:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.147
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials and Manufacturing.
S. Kumar Barve, Q. Aftab Kabir, D. Gautam et al. Materials Today: Proceedings 47 (2021) 6867–6869

 A b-metric space ðX; dÞ is said to be complete if and only if each  AðXÞ # TðXÞandBðXÞ # SðXÞ;
b-cauchy sequence in this space is b-convergent.  One of the pairs ðA; SÞorðB; TÞ satisfies property ðE : AÞ;
 For all x; y 2 X; / 2 U;
 One of AðXÞ; BðXÞ; SðXÞorTðXÞ is a complete subspace of X:
Lemma. 2:1:[9] Let ðX; dÞ be a b-metric space withs  1:
dðAx; By; ByÞ  /½maxfdðSx; Ty; TyÞ; dðSx; By; ByÞ; dðTy; By; ByÞg;
 If a sequence fxn g  X is a b-convergent sequence, then it
Then the pairs ðA; SÞ and ðB; T Þ have a coincidence point. Further,
admits a unique limit.
if ðA; SÞandðB; T Þ are weakly compatible, then A; B; SandT have a
 Every b-convergent sequence in X is b-cauchy.
unique common fixed point in X:
Proof : Suppose the pair ðB; T Þ satisfies the propertyðE:AÞ; then
there exists a sequence
Definition. 2:3: [10] A pair ðA; BÞ of self-mapping on a b-metric fxn g in X such that lim Bxn ¼ lim Txn ¼ p for some p 2 X.
n!1 n!1
space ðX; dÞ is said to be satisfy the ðE:AÞproperty if there exists
SinceBðX Þ # SðX Þ, there
a sequence fxn g in X such that Axn ¼ Bxn ¼ t; forsomet 2 X:
exists a sequence fyn g in X such that Bxn ¼ Syn . Hence
lim Syn ¼ p:
n!1
Definition. 2:4: [11] Let ðX; dÞ be a b-metric space and A and B be Now, we show that lim Ayn ¼ p:
n!1
self mappings on X:
FromðiiiÞ, we have
 A and B are said to compatible if whenever a sequence fxn g in X dðAyn ; Bxn ; Bxn Þ 
is such that fAxn g and fBxn g are bConvergent to some t 2 X; /½maxfdðSyn ; Txn ; Txn Þ; dðSyn ; Bxn ; Bxn Þ; dðTxn ; Bxn ; Bxn Þg:
then dðABxn ; BAxn Þ ¼ 0:
 A and B are said to noncompatible if there exist at least one Taking the limit as n ! 1 and using the fact that £ðrÞ is contin-
sequence fxn g in X is such that fAxn g and fBxn g are bConver- uous at r ¼ 0; we get
gent to some t 2 X; but lim dðABxn ; BAxn Þ is either nonzero or lim dðAyn ; p; pÞ  /½maxfdðp; p; pÞ; dðp; p; pÞ; dðp; p; pÞg:
n!1
n!1
does not exist.
 A and B are said to satisfy the ðE:AÞproperty if there exists a
sequence fxn g such that Axn ¼ Bxn ¼ t; forsomet 2 X:
¼ /½maxf0; 0; 0g ¼ /ð0Þ ¼ 0;

and so, lim Ayn ¼ p:


Definition. 2:5: [6] A and B be given self-mappings on a set X: the n!1

pair ðA; BÞ is said to be weakly compatible if A and B commute at Thus, we havelim Ayn ¼ lim Syn ¼ lim Bxn ¼ lim Txn ¼ p.
n!1 n!1 n!1 n!1
their coincidence points i:e:ABx ¼ BAx; whneverAx ¼ Bx: Suppose that SðXÞ is a complete subspace ofX. Then P ¼ Su; for
someu 2 X:
Proposition. 2:1: [10] Let A and B be weakly compatible mappings Subsequently, we
of a bmetric space ðX; dÞ into itself. Suppose that havelim Ayn ¼ lim Syn ¼ lim Bxn ¼ lim Txn ¼ p ¼ su.
n!1 n!1 n!1 n!1
Axn ¼ Bxn ¼ tforsomet 2 X:then We now prove that Au ¼ Su ¼ p:
FromðiiiÞ, we have

dðAu; Bxn ; Bxn Þ 


 BAxn ¼ AtifAis continuous at t. /½maxfdðSu; Txn ; Txn Þ; dðSu; Bxn ; Bxn Þ; dðTxn ; Bxn ; Bxn Þg:
 ABxn ¼ BtifB is continuous at t.
 ABt ¼ BAtandAt ¼ BtifAandBbotharecontinuousatt: Taking the limit asn ! 1, and using the property of/, we get
dðAu; Su; SuÞ  /½maxfdðp; p; pÞ; dðp; p; pÞ; dðp; p; pÞg
On the other hand, ðE : AÞproperty was introduced in 2002 by
Aamri and Moutaawakil [1]. Later, some authors employed this ¼ /½maxf0; 0; 0g ¼ /ð0Þ ¼ 0;
concept to obtain some new fixed point results ([3,5,6,8]): in this
paper; we have proved a common fixed point theorem for four pairs Which implies Au ¼ Su: therefore, u is a coincidence point for
of mappings which satisfy the ðE : AÞ property in bmetric spaces. the pair ðA; SÞ:
The weak compatibility of AandS implies that ASu ¼ SAu and
hence AAu ¼ ASu ¼ SAu ¼ SSu Since, A(X) hT(X), there existsv 2 X
3. Main results
such that Au ¼ T v : we claim that T v ¼ Bv or Au ¼ Bv :
Suppose not, from ðiiiÞ and using the fact that £ðrÞ < r; we have
In this section, the notion of the property (E.A) has been used to
prove a common fixed point theorem for weakly compatible map- dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þ  /½maxfdðSu; T v ; T v Þ; dðSu; Bv ; Bv Þ; dðT v ; Bv ; Bv Þg
pings. Let U denote the set of all continuous func-
tions/ : ½0; 1Þ ! ½0; 1Þ such that
¼ /½maxf0; dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þ; dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þg
U is non-decreasing;
lim U/n ðt Þ ¼ 0; for all t 2 ½0; 1Þ:
n!1 ¼ /½dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þ < dðAu; Bv ; Bv Þ;
If/ 2 U, then it is an easy to show that/ð0) ¼ 0 and /ðtÞ < t for
Which is a contradiction to the supposition that Au–Bv Hence
all t 2 ½0; 1Þ(see, Babu et al. [5]Þ:
Au ¼ Bv ¼ T v : it follows therefore that the pair ðB; TÞ has also a
coincidence point. The weak compatibility of B and T implies
Theorem. 3:1: Let ðX; dÞ be a complete b-metric space and
thatBT v ¼ TBv ¼ TT v ¼ BBv .
A; B; S; T : X  X be four mappings such that

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S. Kumar Barve, Q. Aftab Kabir, D. Gautam et al. Materials Today: Proceedings 47 (2021) 6867–6869

Finally, we show that Au is a common fixed point of A andS. 1


¼ 2j1  yj ¼ /ðdðSy; By; ByÞÞ
Suppose not, then from (iii) and by using the property of£we get 2
dðAAu; Au; AuÞ ¼ dðAAu; Bv ; Bv Þ  /½maxfdðSx; Sy; SyÞ; dðSx; By; ByÞ; dðSy; By; ByÞg

 /½maxfdðSAu; T v ; T v Þ; dðSAu; Bv ; Bv Þ; dðT v ; Bv ; Bv Þg Then, by the Corollary 7:3:1; the pairs ðA; SÞ andðB; SÞ have a
coincidence point, that isx ¼ 1. Moreover, if ðA; SÞ andðB; SÞ are
¼ /½maxfdðAAu; Au; AuÞ; dðAAu; Au; AuÞ; dðAu; Au; AuÞg weakly compatible, then x ¼ 1 is the unique common fixed point
of A, B and S in X.
¼ /½maxfdðAAu; Au; AuÞ; dðAAu; Au; AuÞ; 0g
CRediT authorship contribution statement
¼ /½dðAAu; Au; AuÞ < dðAAu; Au; AuÞ;
Sharad Kumar Barve: Conceptualization. Qazi Aftab Kabir:
This gives a contradiction. Therefore, Au; AAu; SAu is a common
Formal Analysis. Divya Gautam: Validation. Masroor Mohmmad:
fixed point of A and S:
Visualization. Ramakant Bhardwaj: Original draft writing.
Similarly, one can prove that Bv is a common fixed point of B
and T: since Au ¼ Bv ; we deduce that Auis a common fixed point
Declaration of Competing Interest
of A; B; SandT:
For uniqueness, suppose x andy , with x –y are two common
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
fixed points of A; B; SandT: then, from ðiiiÞ; and using the property
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
of/; we have
to influence the work reported in this paper.
dðx ; y ; y Þ ¼ dðAx ; By ; By Þ
References
 /½maxfdðSx ; Ty ; Ty Þ; dðSx ; By ; By Þ; dðTx ; By ; By Þg
[1] M. Aamri, D. El Moutawakil, Some new common fixed point theorems under
strict contractive conditions, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 270 (1) (2002) 181–188.
 /½maxfdðx ; y ; y Þ; dðx ; y ; y Þ; dðy ; y ; y Þg
[2] H. Aydi, M.F. Bota, E. Karapinar, S. Moradi, A common fixed point for weak
contractions on b-metric spaces, Fixed Point Theory 13 (2012) 337–346.
¼ /½dðx ; y ; y Þ < dðx ; y ; y Þ; [3] G.V.R. Babu, A.G. Negas. A common fixed point theorem for weakly compatible
mappings, Appl. Math., E-Notes, 10 2010 167-174.
Which is a contradiction and so there must bex ¼ y . Therefore [4] G.V.R. Babu, P.D. Sailaja, Common fixed points of w, u-weak quasi contractions
A; B; SandT have a unique common fixed point. On the similar lines, with property (E.A), Int. J. Math. Sci. Comput. 1 (2011) 29–37.
[5] G.V.R. Babu, G.N. Alemayehu, A common fixed point theorem for weakly
one can obtain the same conclusion in case one of AðXÞ; BðXÞorTðXÞ contractive mappings satisfying property (E.A), Appl. Mathemat. E-Notes 24
is a complete subspace of X instead ofSðXÞ, and in case the pair (6) (2012) 975–981.
ðA; SÞ satisfies the property ðE:AÞin place of pair ðB; TÞ: This com- [6] I.A. Bakhtin, The contraction mapping principle in almost metric spaces, Func.
Anal. 30 (1989) 31–34.
pletes the proof of the theorem. [7] S.K. Barve, Q.A. Kabir, R.D. Daheriya, Unique common fixed point theorem for
weakly compatible mappings in digital metric space, Int. J. Sci. Res. Rev. 8 (1)
Example. 3:1: Let X ¼ ½0; 2and d : X  X  X ! ½0; 1Þ be defined by (2019) 2114–2121.
[8] M. Boriceanu, Strict fixed point theorems for multivalued operators in b-metric
dðx; y; zÞ ¼ maxfjx  yj; jy  zj; jz  xjg; forallx; y; z 2 X: spaces, Int. J. Mod. Math. 4 (2009) 285–301.
[9] S. Czerwik, Contraction mappings in b-metric spaces, Acta Math. Inform. Univ.
Define also A; B; S : X  Xby Ax ¼ 1; Bx ¼ 2  x and Sx ¼ x; for Ostraviensis 1 (1993) 5–11.
[10] Vildan Ozturk, Duran Turkoglu, Common fixed point theorems for mappings
allx 2 X and £ : ð0; 1Þ ! ½0; 1Þ by satisfying (E. A)-property in b-metric spaces, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl. 08 (06)
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Corollary 7:3:1 hold trivially. Moreover, the pair (A, S) satisfies the [11] V. Ozturk, S. Radenovi. Some remarks on b-(E.A)-property in b-metric spaces,
Springer Plus, 5(2016) 544-550.
property (E.A). Here we show only that the hypothesis (iii) holds. In
fact, for all x; y 2 X we have
Further Reading
dðAx; By; ByÞ ¼ dð1; 2  y; 2  yÞ ¼ j1  yj;
[1] M. Demma, P. Vetro. Picard sequence and fixed point results on b-metric
spaces, J. Function Spaces 2015 6-12.
dðSx; Sy; SyÞ ¼ dðx; y; yÞ ¼ jx  yj; [2] Q.A. Kabir, R. Bhardwaj, M. Mohammad, R. Verma, S.K. Barve, An intersection
property gluing on weak outwardly hyperconvex spaces, Mater. Today Proc. 29
dðSx; By; ByÞ ¼ dðx; 2  y; 2  yÞ ¼ j2  x  yj; (2020) 605–610.
[3] M. Mohammad, R. Bhardwaj, Q.A. Kabir, S.K. Barve, M. Dassani, Fixed point
theorems, multi-valued contractive mappings and multi-valued caristi type
dðSy; By; ByÞ ¼ dðy; 2  y; 2  yÞ ¼ 2j1  yj; mappings, Mater. Today Proc. 29 (2020) 625–632.
[4] S. Mudgal, Fixed points theorems for weakly compatible maps along with
And consequently property (E.A.), Int. J. Comput. Appl. 96 (24) (2014) 975–8887.
[5] Verma Rupali, Q.A. Kabir, M.S. Chauhan, R. Shrivastava. Generalized Fixed point
dðAx; By; ByÞ ¼ j1  yj Theorem for multi-valued contractive mapping in cone b-metric space, Adv.
Appl. Math. Sci. 19 2020 825-832.

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