0620 Chemistry Paper 6 Kit
Ions
Hydrated Ions Colour
Iron (II) Green
Iron (III) Brown
Copper (I) Red
Copper (II) Blue
Chromium (III) Green
Chromium (VI) Orange
Manganese (VII) Purple
Cobalt (II) Pink
Insoluble Ionic Compounds
Compound Colour
All Non – Transition Carbonates White
All Non - Transition Oxides White
All Non – Transition Insoluble Salts White
Copper (II) Oxide Black
Copper (II) Carbonate Green
Hot Zinc (II) Oxide Yellow
Hot Lead (II) Oxide Brown
Cold Lead (II) Oxide Yellow
Metals
Metal Colour
All Metals Grey
Copper Brown
Gold Brown
Mercury Red
Flame
Metal Ion Flame Colour
Lithium Red
Sodium Orange/ Yellow
Potassium Lilac/ Purple
Barium Green
Hydrated and Dehydrated Salts
Colour
Salt
Hydrated Dehydrated
Copper (II) Sulphate Blue White
Cobalt (II) Chloride Pink Blue
Test for Gases
Gas Test/ Observation
pH = 10
Ammonia Pungent
Turns damp red litmus blue
Pungent
Sulphur Dioxide Turns potassium permanganate (VII) purple to
colorless
Effervescence
Carbon Dioxide Turns limewater cloudy (CO2 + Ca (OH)2
CaCO3)
Effervescence
Hydrogen
Extinguishes lighted splinter with a ‘pop’ sound
Bubbles
Oxygen
Relights glowing splinter
Nitrogen Dioxide Brown Gas
Turns damp blue litmus red
Hydrogen Chloride Gas (HCl) Produces white smoke when in contact with
ammonia
Chlorine Bleaches damp litmus paper
Test for Anions
Anion Test
Add NaOH, heat, add Al
Nitrate Gas released turns damp red litmus blue (NH 3
released)
Add any dilute acid. Gas released turns
Carbonate
limewater cloudy (CO2)
Add dilute HNO3 followed by either Ca (NO3)2 or
Sulphate Ba (NO3)2 or BaCl2 or CaCl2
White ppt produced
Add dilute HNO3 followed by AgNO3
Chloride
White ppt observed
Add dilute HNO3 followed by AgNO3
Bromide
Cream ppt observed
Add dilute HNO3 followed by AgNO3
Iodide
Yellow ppt observed
Test for Cations
3 drops of Excess 3 drops of
Cation Excess NH3 Additional Test
NaOH NaOH NH3
White White
Zinc Soluble Soluble NA
Precipitate Precipitate
White White
Magnesium Insoluble Insoluble NA
Precipitate Precipitate
White White
Aluminium Soluble Insoluble NA
Precipitate Precipitate
White White Add KI. Yellow
Lead Soluble Insoluble
Precipitate Precipitate precipitate.
White
Calcium Insoluble No reaction No reaction NA
Precipitate
Add NaOH and heat.
No Gas released turns
Ammonium No reaction No reaction No reaction
reaction damp red litmus
blue.
Blue Blue Dark Blue
Copper (II) Insoluble NA
Precipitate Precipitate Solution
Green Green
Iron (II) Insoluble Insoluble NA
Precipitate Precipitate
Brown Brown
Iron (III) Insoluble Insoluble NA
Precipitate Precipitate
Green Green
Chromium (III) Soluble Insoluble NA
Precipitate Precipitate
Solubility of Salts
Nitrates Always Soluble
Sulphate All soluble except Lead, Calcium and Lead
Chloride All soluble except Lead, Silver and Mercury
Carbonates Always Insoluble
Group 1 and Ammonium Always Soluble
Other
Locating Agent Used to locate colorless substance in TLC like
amino acids
Organic solvent for water insoluble substances Hexanol
Rf Value Distance travelled by substance/ Distance
travelled by solvent
Pipette
Measuring Apparatus
Measuring Cylinder Inaccurate but quick and easy to use.
Pipette Most accurate and precise.
Burette Most precise. Also, accurate.
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