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‫ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻻﻧﺜﺮوﺑﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻘﻴﺎس ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻼب‬
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 ‫"ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻣﱰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﰲ ﲣﺼﺺ ﺍﻟﱰﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ"‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺼﺒﺤﻲ ﻨﻤﺭ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ‪ /‬ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ‬

‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ ‪ /‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫‪2007‬ﻡ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫"ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻣﱰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﰲ ﲣﺼﺺ ﺍﻟﱰﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ"‬

‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻤﻬﺎ)‪ (124‬ﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ )ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ( ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪21.96) :‬ﺴﻨﺔ‪74.80 ،‬ﻜﻐﻡ‪ 1.79 ،‬ﻤﺘﺭ ‪،‬‬
‫‪1.93‬ﻡ‪ .(2‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‪ ) :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ‪ ،‬ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ( ‪ ،‬ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ )‪.(Tanita TBF-410‬‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪، 77.93 ، 90.19، 17.35 ، 25.74 ، 28.32 ، 36.70) :‬‬
‫‪ (39.09 ، 59.90، 83.16‬ﺴﻡ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫)‪ ،(%13.08‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺭﺝ )‪(Stepwise Regression ) (R2‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ )‪))+28.986- =(%‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ‪))+((0.684 X‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‪(R2=0.731) ((0.291 X‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ )‪))+25.986- =(%‬ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪(R2=0.70) ((1.701 X‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﻭﺘﻠﻨﺞ ﺘﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼل ﺼﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ، 0.85‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪.0.83‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

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 Abstract
The Contribution Of Selected Anthropometric Measures in The Prediction
Percent of Fat Using Bioelectrical Impedance For Male Physical Education
Majors
The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution selected
anthropometric measures in the prediction percent of fat using Bioelectrical Impedance
for male physical education majors. The sample consisted of (124) subjects at An-
Najah University.
The means of age, body mass, height, and body surface area were respectively (21.96
years, 74.80 kg, 1.79 meter, and 1.93 m2 ).
The researchers conducted anthropometric measures age, height, body mass,
body surface area, and circumference of : neck, upper arm, , forearm, wrist, abdomen,
thigh, hip and calf, and the percent of body fat using Tanita TBF-410.
The results indicated that the means of circumferences of neck, upper arm, , forearm,
wrist, abdomen, thigh, hip and calf, were respectively (36.70, 28.32 , 25.74 , 17.35 ,
90.19 , 77.93 , 83.16 , 59.90 and 39.09 )centimeter .Also, the results revealed a
significant correlation between percent body fat (PBF), and all measures despite
height and calf circumference. Also, using stepwise regression R2 , we achieve two
equations for predicting (PBF):
Fat%= -28.986+ ((upper arm cm)*(0.684))+((abdomen cm)*(0.291)) (R2= 0.731)
Fat%= -25.986+ (BMI)*(1.701)) (R2= 0.70) .
Based on the study findings the researchers recommended to use equations in
predicting (PBF) .

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 ‫"ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺜﺮﻭﺑﻮﻣﱰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﰲ ﲣﺼﺺ ﺍﻟﱰﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ"‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )‪ (Body Composition‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘـل ﻓـﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻭﺠـﺩ ﺃﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺸﺘﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ) ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻼﻴﻜﻭﺠﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﺤﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺸﺘﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟـﺸﺤﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌـﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋـﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻅﺎﻡ‪،‬ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻜﻤﻜﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ )‪ (Behnke‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﺸﺤﻭﻡ )‪ (Fats‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌـﻀﻼﺕ ‪(Lean‬‬
‫)‪.(Wilmore & Costill,1994,p 382) Body Weight) (LBW‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺒﻭﺴﻜﺭﻙ )‪ ( Buskirk,1986‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻭﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻁﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴل ﻟﻠﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﺩﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﻭﻟﻤﻭﺭ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫)‪ (Wilmore, 1986‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻘل ﻋﻥ )‪ ، (%6‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻸﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻥ )‪ ، (%22-12‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﺼﺤﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ )‪ ،(%25-16‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪ (%25‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺴﻤﻴﻨﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻟﻺﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺨﺒﺭﻱ ﻤﺜل ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺤﺔ )‪ ،(Fox, et al, 1989, p565) (Hydrostatic Weighing‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ )‪ (Salmi,2003) (Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis‬ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ )‪(Tanita TBF-410‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﺩﺜﻬﺎ )ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ، (1‬ﻭﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺔ )‪(X-rays‬‬
‫)‪ ،(Heymsfield et al,1997‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺜﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪)(2006،‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ )‪ (Anthropometry‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍل ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻕ)‪ . (Beyer,1986,p 59‬ﻭﻴﻀﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ )ﺤﺴﺎﻨﻴﻥ‪.(1996 ،‬‬
‫‪ (Anthropometric‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤـﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ )‪Parameters‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟـﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ‪،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻭ ‪،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠـﺎﺡ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻌـﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ)‪ ، (Heimer , et al,1988‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀـﻲ ‪(Harre,1982,p‬‬
‫)‪ ،26,29‬ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻤـﺔ ﻟﻠﺒـﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤـﺩﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤـﻴﻥ‬

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 ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ‪ :‬ﻤﺅﺸـﺭ ﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﻡ )‪ ،(Ravussin & Swinburn ,1992‬ﻭﻤـﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻤـﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،( MCW,2003‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺅﺸـﺭ ﺒﻭﻨـﺩﺭﺍل )‪ ، (Klark & Klark,1987‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴـل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤﺔ ‪ ،(DeLorenzo, et al,2000).‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻗـﺼﻰ ﻻﺴـﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﻜـﺴﺠﻴﻥ )‪(Vo2max‬‬
‫)‪ ، (Bowers & fox, 1992‬ﻭﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻲ )‪ ، (Buskirk,1986‬ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪(Body‬‬
‫)‪. (Heyward,1991) Composition‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﻨﺒﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﻤﻙ ﺜﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻠـﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠـﺩﻭل )‪(1‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﻤﻠﺨﺼﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )‪ (Body Density) (BD‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻡ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (Siri‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ )‪/4.95)=(%‬ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪.(Fox et al,1989,p566) (100) x(4.50-‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻀﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﻡ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (LBW‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺎ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺸﺤﻭﻡ ‪(McArdle,‬‬
‫)‪ .Katch & Katch,1981,p 493‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﺜﻼﺙ )ﻜﺜﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ( ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟـﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺒـﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪(1‬‬

‫ﻋﺭﺽ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬

‫‪%‬ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻥ=‪)x(1.48))+4.88‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻠﻡ((‬ ‫‪49-20‬‬ ‫)‪(Eston et al,1995‬‬ ‫)‪(Eston et al,1995‬‬

‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ=)‪)x(0.0008267))-(1.10938‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺩﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪(Jackson & Pollock,1978‬‬ ‫‪(Ted&Jaskson,1987,‬‬

‫)‪p249‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ )ﻤﻠﻡ(((‪) x (0.0000016))+‬ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ )ﻤﻠﻡ(((‪) x(0.0002574))-‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ((‬

‫‪) LBW‬ﻜﻐﻡ(=)‪)) x(1.0817))+(44.636‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )ﻜﻐﻡ(((‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫)‪Kirkendall et al,1987‬‬ ‫‪(Kirkendall et‬‬
‫)‪al,1987,p 185‬‬
‫))‪) x(0.7396‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ)ﺴﻡ(((‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ=)‪)x(0.001327))-(1.1043‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ‬ ‫‪26-18‬‬ ‫)‪(Sloan,1967‬‬ ‫‪(Heyward,1991,p155‬‬

‫)‬
‫)ﻤﻠﻡ(((‪) x (0.00131))-‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻑ )ﻤﻠﻡ(((‬

‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ=)‪)x(0.00162))-(1.10647‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﻭﺡ‬ ‫‘ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫)‪(Forsyth&Sinning,1973‬‬ ‫‪(Heyward,1991,p156‬‬

‫)‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻑ )ﻤﻠﻡ(((‪) x (0.00144))-‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ )ﻤﻠﻡ((( ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫))‪) x (0.00077‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﻤﻠﻡ(((‪) x (0.00071)) +‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ)ﻤﻠﻡ(((‬

‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ=)‪)x(0.00068))+(1.15114‬ﻭﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫)‪(Behnke& Wilmore,1974‬‬ ‫‪(Heyward,1991,p168‬‬

‫)‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ)ﻜﻐﻡ(((‪) x (0.00146))+‬ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ)ﺴﻡ(((‪+‬‬
‫(((‪) x (0.00057))+‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ)ﺴﻡ(((‪x (0.00192)) -‬‬
‫)ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ)ﺴﻡ(((‪) x (0.00124)) -‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ)ﺴﻡ(((‬

‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ=)‪)x(0.00133))-(1.1043‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ)ﻤﻠﻡ(((‪-‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫)‪(Sloan&Weir,1970‬‬ ‫‪(Fox et al,1989,p‬‬

‫)‪568‬‬
‫))‪) x (0.00131‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺃﺴﻔل ﻟﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻑ)ﻤﻠﻡ(((‬

‫‪) LBW‬ﻜﻐﻡ(=)‪)) x(0.793))+(10.26‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )ﻜﻐﻡ(((‪-‬‬ ‫‪35-17‬‬ ‫)‪(Wimore& Behnke,1970‬‬ ‫‪(Fox et al,1989,p‬‬
‫)‪569‬‬
‫))‪) x(0.368‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ)ﻤﻠﻡ(((‬

‫‪) LBW‬ﻜﻐﻡ(=)‪)) x(0.84))+(6.14‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )ﻜﻐﻡ(((‪-‬‬ ‫‪67-36‬‬ ‫)‪(Lewis et al,1975‬‬ ‫‪(Fox et al,1989,p‬‬
‫)‪569‬‬
‫))‪) x(0.63‬ﺴﻤﻙ ﺩﻫﻥ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ)ﻤﻠﻡ(((‬

‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ )‪) (FM‬ﻜﻐﻡ(= )‪)×(0.340))+(14.854-‬ﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪30-18‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪) (2006‬ﺏ(‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪(2006‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ((‬

‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ= )‪)×(0.490))+(34.949-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‬ ‫‪30-20‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪)(2006‬ﺃ(‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪(2006‬‬

‫ﺴﻡ((‪) × (0.584))+‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ((‪)× (1.590-))+‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻡ((‪)× (0.294)) +‬ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﻜﻐﻡ((‬

‫‪6‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺕ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (2‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل)‪(1‬‬
‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺤﻭل ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺒﺔ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪(%‬‬ ‫)ﻜﻐﻡ(‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ(‬
‫‪13.50‬‬ ‫‪80.88‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪(2006،‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪10.6‬‬ ‫‪76.5‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪(Melhim, et al, 1993‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪6.3‬‬ ‫‪89.6‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪(Smith& Watson,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)‪1992‬‬
‫‪8.6‬‬ ‫‪85.5‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪(McGown, et al,‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫)‪1990‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪85.5‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪(Puhl, et al, 1982‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪8.5‬‬ ‫‪87.6‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪(Tamayo, et al, 1984‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7.2‬‬ ‫‪87.8‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺯﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪(Sandra & Victor,‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫)‪1988‬‬
‫‪10.5‬‬ ‫‪74.4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪(Ongley,1981‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪12.6‬‬ ‫‪75.6‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫)ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ‪(1994،‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪10.9‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫)‪(Marion, etal,1989‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪12.3‬‬ ‫‪73.1‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺓ ﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫)‪(Al-Hazaa, etal,2001‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪4.8‬‬ ‫‪76.91‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺓ ﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫)‪(Withers ,et al,1977‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪9.6‬‬ ‫‪75.7‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺓ ﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫)‪(Raven, et al, 1976‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫‪11.4‬‬ ‫‪95.5‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪(Apostolidis, etal‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫)‪,2003‬‬
‫‪8.9‬‬ ‫‪91.6‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫)‪(Parr, et al, 1978‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪9.3‬‬ ‫‪62.2‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫)‪(Heath, et al, 1981‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪24.1‬‬ ‫‪111.2‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻤﻭ‬ ‫)‪(Saito, etal, 2003‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪12.4‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻁﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩﻭ‬ ‫) ‪DeLorenzo etal.,‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺍﺘﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪(1999‬‬
‫‪10.20‬‬ ‫‪73.71‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻟﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ﻭﻨﻤﺭ‪(2004،‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪/‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺗﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﺘﻌـﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴـﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﻗل ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﺩﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺎﺕ ﻤـﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻟﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻤﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ؟ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺅ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻨﺒﻊ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻠﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺒﻭﺴﻜﺭﻙ )‪ ( Buskirk,1986‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻭﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻁﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴل ﻟﻠﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﺩﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺴﻬﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﻭﺘﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺭﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻓﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﻟﻁـﻼﺏ ﺍﻟـﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸـﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﻡ‪،‬ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒـﺅ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﻟﻁـﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ )‪ :(Anthropometry‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺍﻷﻁـﻭﺍل ‪،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻕ )‪. (Beyer,1986,p 59‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪: (Body Composition) :‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺸﺘﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ) ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻼﻴﻜﻭﺠﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﺤﻲ ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺸﺘﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻅﺎﻡ‪،‬ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻜﻤﻜﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺘﻘـﺴﻴﻡ‬
‫)‪ (Behnke‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـﺸﺤﻡ )‪ (Fat‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌـﻀﻼﺕ )‪(Wilmore & (Lean Body Weight) (LBW‬‬
‫)‪.Costill,1994,p 382‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‪ :(Fats) :‬ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪:(BMI) Body Mass Index :‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻴﻠﻭﻏﺭﺍﻡ ﻤﻘﺴﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﺭ‪.(Ravussin & Swinburn ,1992) .‬‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )‪:(Body Surface Area ) (BSA‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻐﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ )ﺴﻼﻤﻪ‪. (1994 ،‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ‪. 2007/2006‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﺼﻑ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺒﺈﺤﺩﻯ ﺼﻭﺭﻩ "ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻴﺔ" ﻨﻅﺭﺍ ﻟﻤﻼﺀﻤﺘﻪ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻋﻴﻨﺘﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ‪ 2007/2006‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﻡ ﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴل )‪ (420‬ﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻤﻬﺎ )‪ (124‬ﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%30‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (3‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪(3‬‬
‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫)ﻥ= ‪(124‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪1.72‬‬ ‫‪21.96‬‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬
‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪1.79‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫‪7.74‬‬ ‫‪74.80‬‬ ‫ﻜﻐﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪1.93‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﺠل ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻁﺎﻟﺏ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪ ،‬ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ )‪ (Detetco‬ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻊ ﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﺭﺴﺘﺎﻤﻴﺘﺭ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺫﺍﺀ ﻷﻗﺭﺏ )ﺍﺴﻡ( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪(Tanita- TBF-‬‬
‫)‪ 410‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪(Bioelectric‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﻴﺘﺎ )‪ (Tanita TBF-410‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ Impedance Analysis)(BIA‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ )‪(Electrolyte‬ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ )‪ (Electrodes‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ )ﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺤل( ﻭﻟﻤﺩﺓ )‪ (5‬ﺩﻗﺎﺌﻕ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬
‫)‪ (Wilmore & Costill,1994,p387‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫)‪ (Tanita TBF-410‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ) ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ( ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ )‪ (10‬ﻏﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﻗﻁﻌﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ )‪. (Jebb, et al, 2000) (Foot to Foot‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻴﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺤﻭل )ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺒﺱ )ﻜﻐﻡ( ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل )ﺴﻡ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ )ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺒﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭل )ﺴﻡ((‪.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻭﺹ ﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ)‪.(Stand On‬‬
‫ﻴﺼﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻭﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻁﻌﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻟﻤﺩﺓ )‪ (30‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺤﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﻐﺭﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻜﻜل ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل )‪ (3-2‬ﺩﻗﺎﺌﻕ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻔﺤﻭﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )‪:(BSA‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻐﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ )ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،1994 ،‬ﺹ ‪ . (403‬ﻭﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬
‫)‪(Medical Cajeck Of Wisconsin‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻜﺎﺠﻙ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻜﻨﺴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ‬
‫)‪ (MCW,2003‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﺒﺯ ﻭﺩﻭﺒﺯ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )‪ (BSA‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪.(MCW,2003‬‬ ‫‪0.725‬‬
‫× )ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﺭ(‬ ‫‪0.425‬‬
‫)‪ (BSA‬ﻡ‪) × (0.20247)=2‬ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻜﻐﻡ(‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ )‪ (11-8‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺃﻱ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻤﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺒﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻁﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﻁﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎ‪.‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺼﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻙ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (Bioelectric Impedance‬ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺤﺔ )‪ (Hydrostatic Weighing‬ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ ، (Wilmore & Costill,1994,p386) (0.94-0.90‬ﻭﺃﻜﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻜل ﻤﻥ )‪(Salmi,2003) (Hammond et (Lisa et al,2003) (Jebb, et al, 2003‬‬
‫)‪al, 1994‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ )‪ (Bioelectric Impedance)(BIA‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ . 7‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﻭﺤﻠﻠﺕ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪،(SPSS‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل )‪ (Compute‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8 .‬ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻷﻗﺭﺏ ‪1‬ﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺩ‬
‫)‪ (Adams,1990‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻷﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ‪:‬ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻨﺠﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻟﻑ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺌﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‪:‬ﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻜل ﻤﻔﺤﻭﺹ ﺒﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻑ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻟﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺴﻔل ﺸﺩﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻤﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ‪:‬ﻟﻑ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻤﻔﺭﻭﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺩ‪ :‬ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻤﻔﺭﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﻋﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‪ :‬ﻟﻑ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺼﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻤﻔﺭﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺌﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‪:‬ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﻁﺭﻑ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻑ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺌﻬﻤﺎ)ﺒﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ‪.(1987،‬‬

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 ‫‪-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‪ :‬ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻗل ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻅﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻗﻔﺘﻴﻥ‪) .‬ﺒﺭﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ‪.(1987،‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﻌﺩ ﺴﻭﻴﺩﻱ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻟﻑ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻔل ﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻴﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻡ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﺎﺫﻴﺎ ﻟﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺌﻬﻤﺎ)ﺒﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ‪.(1987،‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ‪:‬ﻟﻑ ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺴﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (SPSS‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ )‪ (Pearson Correlation Coefficient‬ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺭﺝ )‪ (R2) (Stepwise Regression‬ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ )ﺕ( )‪ (t-test‬ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ )‪(MANOVA) Multivariate Analysis Of Variance‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻫﻭﺘﻠﻨﺞ ﺘﺭﻴﺱ )‪ (Hotelling’s Trace‬ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ )‪ (Tanita TBF-410‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (4‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(4‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻻﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ )ﻥ= ‪(124‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‬
‫‪1.72‬‬ ‫‪21.96‬‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬
‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪1.79‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‬
‫‪7.74‬‬ ‫‪74.80‬‬ ‫ﻜﻐﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫‪1.88‬‬ ‫‪22.97‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻜﻐﻡ‪ /‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪1.93‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫‪1.57‬‬ ‫‪36.70‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫‪2.82‬‬ ‫‪28.32‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ‬
‫‪1.76‬‬ ‫‪25.74‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫‪0.93‬‬ ‫‪17.35‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬
‫‪5.63‬‬ ‫‪90.19‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫‪6.36‬‬ ‫‪77.93‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‬
‫‪7.54‬‬ ‫‪83.16‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫‪8.33‬‬ ‫‪59.90‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ‬
‫‪10.07‬‬ ‫‪39.09‬‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ‬
‫‪3.83‬‬ ‫‪13.08‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (4‬ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪21.96) :‬ﺴﻨﺔ‪74.80 ،‬ﻜﻐﻡ‪ 1.79 ،‬ﻤﺘﺭ ‪1.93 ،‬ﻡ‪ ،(2‬ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ‪ ) :‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪، 28.32 ، 36.70) :‬‬
‫‪ (39.09 ، 59.90، 83.16 ، 77.93 ، 90.19، 17.35 ، 25.74‬ﺴﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ )‪. (%13.08‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ) ‪(74.80‬ﻜﻐﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﻜـل ﻤـﻥ‬
‫‪):‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ﻭﻨﻤـﺭ ‪) ، (2004،‬ﺍﻟﻘـﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪) ، (Melhim, et al, 1993)،(1999،‬ﺍﻟﻘـﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪) ، (2003،‬ﺃﺒـﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪(McGown, et al, ، (Smith, et al, 1992) ، (Heimer, et al , 1988) ،(1998،‬‬
‫)‪(Bosco, et ،(Sandra & Victor, 1988)، (Tamayo, et al, 1984) ، (Puhl, et al, 1982) ،1990‬‬
‫)‪ ،al, 1982‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (89.6-76‬ﻜﻐﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (22.967‬ﻜﻐﻡ‪/‬ﻡ‪ 2‬ﻭ ﻫﻭ ﺠﻴﺩ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ )‪ (Ravussin & Swinburn ,1992‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (25-19‬ﻜﻐـﻡ‪/‬ﻡ‪،2‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﻜـل ﻤـﻥ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻘـﺩﻭﻤﻲ ﻭﻨﻤـﺭ ‪) ، (2004،‬ﺍﻟﻘـﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪،(1998،‬‬
‫)‪) ،(Melhim, et al, 1993‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪) ، (2003،‬ﺃﺒـﻭ ﻋﺭﻴـﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪(Heimer, et al , ،(1998،‬‬
‫)‪(Tamayo, et ، (Puhl, et al, 1982) ،(McGown, et al, 1990)، (Smith, et al, 1992) ، 1988‬‬
‫)‪،(Bosco, et al, 1982) ،(Sandra & Victor, 1988)، al, 1984‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠـﺔ‬

‫‪13‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )‪ (BMI‬ﻜﻐﻡ‪/‬ﻡ‪ 2‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ)‪ (24.08-21.82‬ﻜﻐﻡ‪/‬ﻡ‪ ،2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﺴﻤﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (BSA‬ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪(1.93‬ﻡ‪ ،2‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ )‪ (2003‬ﻟﻠﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ )‪(2.33‬ﻡ‪ .2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﻜﺎﺠـﻙ ﺍﻟﻁﺒـﻲ‬
‫)‪ ،(MCW,2003‬ﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ )‪ (2003‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻭﻤﺠﺭﺍﻡ ﻜﻭﻟﻨﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺤﻴﻁﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ( ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (39.09 ، 59.90 ، 77.93 ، 28.32‬ﺴﻡ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ )‪(Eston, et al,1995‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪(36.5، 52.4 ، 76.9 ، 27.6 ) :‬ﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ )‪)(2006‬ﺃ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁﺎﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪(38.71 ، 59.85 ، 81.64، 30.42) :‬ﺴﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (90.19‬ﺴﻡ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺒﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ )‪ (1987‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (92-88‬ﺴﻡ ﻟﻠﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ ،(%13.08‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺠﻴﺩﺍ ﻭﻴﻘـﻊ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻤﻭﺭ )‪(Wilmore,1986,p 144‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠـﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻘل ﻋﻥ )‪ ، (%5‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ )‪ ، (%13-5‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ )‪ ،(%25-15‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺴﻤﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪.(%25‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨـﺴﺏ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﻜـل ﻤـﻥ ‪، (McGown, et al, 1990)، (Smith, et al, 1992)، (Melhim, et al, 1993):‬‬
‫)‪(Sandra & Victor, ،(Toriola, et al,1987)، (Tamayo, et al, 1984،(Puhl, et al, 1982‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻫﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (%12-6.3‬ﻭﻴـﺭﻯ‬ ‫)‪(Ongley,1981)،1988‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺃﺠﺭﻴـﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪..‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ؟ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪(Pearson Correlation‬‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ‬
‫)‪ ، Coefficient‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺠل ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫)‪ ،(Stepwise Regression‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‪:‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) ‪(5‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﻻﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﻥ=‪(124‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫‪*0.40‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬

‫‪0.017-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‬

‫‪*0.73‬‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬

‫‪*0.83‬‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬

‫‪*0.52‬‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬

‫‪*0.51‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺒﺔ‬

‫‪*0.74‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ‬

‫‪*0.59‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬

‫‪*0.42‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺭﺴﻎ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‬

‫‪*0.75‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬

‫‪*0.73‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‬

‫‪*0.51‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬

‫‪*0.39‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺫ‬

‫‪0.17‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ‬
‫** ﺩﺍل ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪) ،(0.05 ≥ α‬ﺭ( ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ) ‪ (0.19‬ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ )‪.(122‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪(5‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪.(0.83-0.39‬‬
‫‪(Stepwise‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﺭﺽ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻜﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫)‪ ، Regression‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﺸﺠﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ ﻜﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺘﺎﺒﻊ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺭﺝ)‪ ،(Stepwise Regression‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻭﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) ‪ (6‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪( 6‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ *‬ ‫)ﻑ (‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻤﺭﺒﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫‪*0.0001‬‬ ‫‪164.05‬‬ ‫‪661.402‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1322.804‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪4.032‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫‪487.815‬‬
‫‪123‬‬ ‫‪1810.619‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬
‫‪0.713‬‬ ‫)‪(R2‬‬
‫‪*0.0001‬‬ ‫‪285.02‬‬ ‫‪1267.913‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1267.913‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4.448‬‬ ‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪542.706‬‬
‫‪123‬‬ ‫‪1810.619‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬
‫‪0.70‬‬ ‫)‪(R2‬‬
‫*ﺩﺍل ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪(0.05 ≥ α‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (6‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ )‪ (R2‬ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫)‪ ، (0.713‬ﻭﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ )‪ (R2‬ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ ، (0.70‬ﻭﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ )ﺕ( ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (4‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) ‪( 7‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ )ﺕ( ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺒﻴﺘﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )ﺕ(‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ‪Beta‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ *‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪*0.0001‬‬ ‫‪12.23‬‬ ‫‪2.369‬‬ ‫‪28.986-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ)‪(Intercept‬‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬
‫‪9.12‬‬ ‫‪0.074‬‬
‫‪*0.0001‬‬ ‫‪8.84‬‬
‫‪0.503‬‬
‫‪0.033‬‬
‫‪0.684‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ‬
‫‪0.483‬‬ ‫‪0.291‬‬
‫‪*0.0001‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‬
‫‪*0.0001‬‬ ‫‪11.19‬‬ ‫‪2.32‬‬ ‫‪25.986-‬‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ)‪(Intercept‬‬
‫‪16.88‬‬ ‫‪0.10‬‬
‫‪*0.0001‬‬ ‫‪0.83‬‬ ‫‪1.701‬‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬

‫*ﺩﺍل ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪.(0.05 ≥ α‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ ( 7‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ )ﺕ( ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ )‪.(0.05 ≥ α‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ )‪))+28.986- =(%‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ‪))+((0.684 X‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ‪(R2=0.731) ((0.291 X‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ )‪))+25.986- =(%‬ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪(R2=0.70) ((1.701 X‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ ( 0.731‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﺤﻴﻁـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻴﻔﺴﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%73.1‬ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ ( 0.70‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%70‬ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸـﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠـﺴﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﺜـل ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺤﻴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ)‪ (Williams,1995‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺤﺒﺔ ﺘﻔﺎﺡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺠـﺩﻭل ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ (1‬ﺤـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺴﻤﻙ ﺜﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺘﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻤـﻊ ﻤـﺎ ﺃﺸـﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ ﻜـل ﻤـﻥ ‪(Eston et al,1995):‬‬
‫)‪، (Fox et al,1989) ، (Heyward,1991)، ((Kirkendall et al,1987 ، (Ted&Jaskson,1987‬‬
‫)‪ (Kanehisa et al,1998) ، (Huygens et al,2002‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒـﺅ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻟـﻪ ) ‪Ravussin‬‬
‫‪ (& Swinburn ,1992‬ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ ﺴﻤﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ‪30‬ﻜﻐﻡ‪/‬ﻡ‪ 2‬ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺤﺴﺒﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل )‪ (Compute‬ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ )‪(SPSS‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ‪(Tanita TBF-‬‬
‫)‪ 410‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴـﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ )‪Multivariate Analysis Of Variance‬‬
‫)‪ (MANOVA‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻫﻭﺘﻠﻨﺞ ﺘﺭﻴﺱ )‪ (Hotelling’s Trace‬ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺠـﺩﻭل )‬
‫‪ (8‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪(8‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﻭﺘﻠﻨﺞ ﺘﺭﻴﺱ ﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒﺄ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠــﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﻴــﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ*‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤــﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒــﺎﺭ )ﻑ( ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻭﺘﻠﻨﺞ‬
‫‪0.98‬‬ ‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0.013‬‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬
‫)‪= α‬‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (8‬ﺍﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤـﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟـﺔ‬
‫‪ (0.05‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻴـﺫﻜﺭ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ،(%13.09 ، %13.06 ،%13.08 ) :‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼل ﺼﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺩﻟـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (0.85‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (0.83‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪13.8‬‬

‫‪13.6‬‬

‫‪13.4‬‬

‫‪13.2‬‬

‫‪Mean‬‬
‫‪13.1‬‬ ‫‪13.1‬‬
‫‪13.0‬‬ ‫‪13.1‬‬

‫‪12.8‬‬

‫‪12.6‬‬

‫‪12.4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ =1‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﺎﻨﺘﺎ ‪ =2‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ‪ =3‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺇﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺇﻥ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺎ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%73.1‬ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻓﺴﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ )‪ (%70‬ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﻴﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺼﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ ﺒﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ .(1995) .‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﺍﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺍﻭﻜﺴﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪22‬ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ، 836-823 ، (2‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ)‪ (1998‬ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻤﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﻠﺘﻨﺎ ‪ ،1996‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﻓﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.137-121 ،‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺒﺭﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‪ .(1987) .‬ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻷﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁ ‪ ، 1‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺤﺴﺎﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺼﺒﺤﻲ‪ .(1996) .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ‪ ،(1994) ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ، (2003) ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪.44-5 ،(42‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ، (2003) ،‬ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )‪ (BMI‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤـﺔ )‪(RMR‬‬
‫ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺭﺠﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠـﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺒﺤﺎﺙ)ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ( ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ ،(17‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪.57-31 ، (1‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻤﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺼﺒﺤﻲ‪ ،(2004) ،‬ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻻﺴـﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﻜـﺴﺠﻴﻥ )‪(VO2max‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ )‪ (BMI‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤﺔ )‪ (RMR‬ﻟﺩﻯ ﻻﻋﺒـﻲ ﺃﻨﺩﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘـﺎﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻤﺎل ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠـﺩ )‪(5‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪.233-189 ، (1‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‪) (2006).‬ﺃ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺜﺭﻭﺒﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ‪،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ .258-242 ، (1) ، 33 ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‪) (2006).‬ﺏ(‪ .‬ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻭﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪، ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪ .269-245 ، (3) ، 7 ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

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