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Principles of Scientific Management FW Taylor

The document outlines the principles and techniques of scientific management. It discusses 6 principles: 1) developing science for each job, 2) scientific selection and training of workers, 3) cooperation between management and employees, 4) division of responsibility, 5) mental revolution, and 6) maximum prosperity for employers and employees. It also discusses 5 techniques: 1) time study, 2) motion study, 3) functional foremanship, 4) standardization, and 5) different piece rate plans. The overall purpose is to increase efficiency and productivity using a scientific approach to management.

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253 views3 pages

Principles of Scientific Management FW Taylor

The document outlines the principles and techniques of scientific management. It discusses 6 principles: 1) developing science for each job, 2) scientific selection and training of workers, 3) cooperation between management and employees, 4) division of responsibility, 5) mental revolution, and 6) maximum prosperity for employers and employees. It also discusses 5 techniques: 1) time study, 2) motion study, 3) functional foremanship, 4) standardization, and 5) different piece rate plans. The overall purpose is to increase efficiency and productivity using a scientific approach to management.

Uploaded by

Mayank
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.

1.       Development of Science for each of men's job : According to this principle the
manager should use the scientific method to determine every activity performed by the
employee in the organization. For this he should consider the following points :
         i.        To calculate the time required for each job by observing the employee.
         ii.       To determine how much work can an employee perform in a day.
         iii.      To find out the best way to do a particular job.
         iv.      Instead of using trial and error method for determining the job use
systematic way such as data collection, analysis of data and then drawing conclusions.
Select any job or activity in a production unit. Find out the parts and sub parts of the
activity. Calculate the time required to complete each job. Find out the time required to
complete the total work.
What did you find out?
Was it the best way to complete the job?
Can you suggest any better alternative to complete the same task?
If yes, then support your suggestions by preparing a report and hand it over to your
teacher.
2.       Scientific Selection, Training & Development of Workers : According to Taylor
selection of employees is an important task before the manager. The selection
procedure should be perfect and systematic. For this purpose the following points
should be considered.
         i.        The procedure of selection should be scientific. It means the selection
should not be based on the judgement of a single person.
         ii.       The physical, mental, technical or other qualities required for the job should
be clearly defined. This makes the selection easier.
         iii.      The Employees should be selected on the basis of tests and interviews.
         iv.      The employees should be trained from time to time. Training makes
employees capable to survive in the job.
         v.       The manager should provide opportunities for development of workers
having better capabilities.
         vi.      The manager should develop each employee in such a way the that
employee shows maximum efficiency.
3.       Co-operation between Management and Employees : To achieve the
objectives or goals there should be proper co-operation between the employees and
management. The relations between them should be harmonious. Following points
should be noted in this regard :
         i.        In the organization the emphasis should be given to co-operation between
the management and workers and not to individualism.
         ii.       The goals can be achieved effectively only by co-operation.
         iii.      The interest of the management and the workers should be one and the
same. They should harmonise.
4.       Division of Responsibility : While dividing the work there should be the division
of responsibility between the managers and the employees. This can be done by the
following way :
         i.        The nature and roles played by different levels of managers and employees
should be determined properly.
         ii.       The managers should be given the responsibility of planning whereas the
workers or employees should concentrate on the execution.
This principle helps the employees to perform their best.
5.       Mental Revolution : This principle focuses on the complete change in the
attitude of the management and employees as regards their relations are concerned.
For this change the following points should be taken in to account.
         i.        The manager should create a suitable working condition for the employees
         ii.       All the problems should be solved scientifically
         iii.      The employees should perform their jobs carefully and with devotion
         iv.      The employees should use the resources carefully. They should not waste
the resources.
         v.       On the other hand management should provide fair remuneration to the
employees and boost up their morale.
If there is a change in the attitude of the management and the employees it will help in
achieving the goals, increase in the production, creating discipline in the organization
and creating a sense of belongingness among the employees.
6.       Maximum prosperity for Employer and Employees : The aim of scientific
management is to give maximum prosperity to the employer and employee. However it
is possible with the help of following points.
         i.        Each employee should be given proper opportunity to attain his highest
efficiency
         ii.       The employees should give maximum output
         iii.      There should be the optimum utilisation of resources.
The principles of scientific management cannot be applied unless the techniques of
scientific management are studied. They are given below.

6.7     TECHNIQUES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.


The techniques of scientific management help a manager to apply the principles of
scientific management effectively. These techniques are discussed below.
1.       Time Study : This technique helps a manager to calculate the time required to
perform a particular job. He can take the decision about production or completion of an
activity with the help of this technique. The time study is based on the speed of average
worker. Every part of the total work is studied in details and the time required to perform
that job is calculated. This enables the manager to ascertain the standard time taken to
complete a specific job. The manager can decide the remuneration to be paid to the
worker based on this.
2.       Motion Study : Motion study is the close study of body movements. That is the
movements of hands, legs and other body parts. Manager should study these
movements. This study helps the manager to understand the movements required for a
person to do a particular task. This technique can be used by the manager to eliminate
the unnecessary movements for doing the job. With the help of motion study the
manager can eliminate or combine some actions in the process. Motion study increases
efficiency and productivity of the employees.
3.       Functional Foremanship : This technique refers to the guidance given to the
worker by a specialist foreman. According to this technique a single worker is
supervised by different supervisors. For doing a particular job, the worker performs
various small tasks. While doing this job he will get the guidance and will be supervised
by different superiors for each task. This techniques is exactly opposite of Fayol's
principle of unit of command. According to Fayol there should one boss for worker but
according to this technique for one worker there can be many supervisors. Taylor says
that work can be done accurately by this technique. This method is mainly useful for
production department.
4.       Standardization : Standardization in the production implies (i) Selecting the
standard tools and equipments for production and (ii) maintaining standard working
conditions at the place of work.
         The management should provide good quality of tools and equipments used for
production of a good quality. This helps the workers to perform the job easily and
efficiently. Secondly the working conditions should be good so that the workers can give
their best output. This technique minimises the cost of production and makes best use
of available resources.
5.       Different Piece Rate Plan : According to Taylor there should discrimination
between the efficient and inefficient workers. The payment should be made according to
the performance of the worker. The efficient workers should be paid more whereas
inefficient workers should be paid less remuneration. In this method a standard is fixed
for production. Those who produce more than the standard should be paid more in the
form of an incentive and those who perform less than the standard should be paid. less
as penalty. This system gives encouragement to those who perform well and motivates
those who have underperformed to improve their performance.

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