Fibrinogen - An important contributor to blood clotting, fibrinogen levels increase in response

to tissue inflammation. Since atherosclerosis and heart disease are essentially inflammatory
processes, increased fibrinogen levels can help predict the risk of heart disease and stroke. High
fibrinogen levels not only are associated with an increased risk of heart attack, but also are seen
in other inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation of the kidney.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - C-Reactive protein is a substance in the blood that indicates the
presence of inflammation and could warn of a heart attack in advance. Elevated amounts of the
protein in men may triple their risk for heart attack and double their risk for stroke, whereas
elevated amounts in women can increase their heart attack risk up to seven times. Cardio (also
specific or high sensitivity) C-Reactive Protein is a marker of inflammation to the blood vessels
and a strong predictor of risk for future myocardial infarctions. Cardiovascular tests ordered vary
based on patient symptoms as well as family history.

Homocysteine - The amino acid, Homocysteine, plays a role in destroying the lining of your
artery walls, promoting the formation of blood clots, and also accelerates the buildup of scar
tissue. High levels may increase the chance of heart disease and stroke, especially if you have
other risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, or family history.

Hemoglobin A1C - One of the best ways to assess your glucose status is testing for hemoglobin
A1C (HbA1c). It measures a person’s blood sugar over the last two to three months and is an
independent predictor of heart disease risk in persons with or without diabetes. Maintaining a
healthy hemoglobin A1C level may also help those with diabetes prevent some of the
complications of the disease.

DHEA,s - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and is

a precursor to the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone. DHEA levels peak in one’s twenties
and then decline dramatically with age. DHEA is frequently referred to as an “anti-aging”
hormone. DHEAS and several other androgens are used to evaluate adrenal function and to
distinguish between androgen secreting adrenal conditions from those that originate in the ovary
or testes. DHEAS can be measured to help diagnose adrenocortical tumors (tumor in the cortex
of the adrenal gland), adrenal cancers, and adrenal hyperplasia (which may be congenital or adult
onset) and to separate them from ovarian tumors and cancers.

Testosterone, Total & Free - Testosterone is produced in the testes in men, in the ovaries in
women, and in the adrenal glands of both men and women. Men and women alike can be
dramatically affected by the decline in testosterone levels that occurs with aging. Unlike bound
testosterone, the free form of the hormone can circulate in the brain and affect nerve cells.
Testosterone plays different roles in men and women, including the regulation of fertility, libido,
and muscle mass. In men, free testosterone levels may be used to evaluate whether sufficient
bioactive testosterone is available to protect against abdominal obesity, mental depression,
osteoporosis, and heart disease. In women, low levels of testosterone have been associated with
decreased libido and well-being, while high levels of free testosterone may indicate hirsuitism (a
condition of excessive hair growth on the face and chest) or polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Increased testosterone in women may also indicate low estrogen levels.
Urinalysis, complete - Over 15 different items, this panel is useful in the evaluation of
conditions such as urinary tract infection, dehydration, and kidney stones.

Estradiol - Both men and women need estrogen for physiological functions. Estradiol is the
primary circulating form of estrogen in men and women, and is an indicator of hypothalamic and
pituitary function. Men produce estradiol in smaller amounts than do women; most estradiol is
produced from testosterone and adrenal steroid hormones, and some is produced directly by the
testes. In women, estradiol is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and peripheral tissues.
Levels of estradiol vary throughout the menstrual cycle, and drop to low, constant levels after
menopause. In women, blood estradiol levels help evaluate menopausal status and sexual
maturity. Increased levels in women may indicate an increased risk for breast or endometrial
cancer. Estradiol plays a role in support of healthy bone density in both men and women. Low
levels are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture as well. Elevated
levels of estradiol in men may accompany gynecomastia (breast enlargement), diminished sex
drive, and difficulty with urination.

Testosterone, Total & Free - Testosterone is produced in the testes in men, in the ovaries in
women, and in the adrenal glands of both men and women. Men and women alike can be
dramatically affected by the decline in testosterone levels that occurs with aging. Unlike bound
testosterone, the free form of the hormone can circulate in the brain and affect nerve cells.
Testosterone plays different roles in men and women, including the regulation of fertility, libido,
and muscle mass. In men, free testosterone levels may be used to evaluate whether sufficient
bioactive testosterone is available to protect against abdominal obesity, mental depression,
osteoporosis, and heart disease. In women, low levels of testosterone have been associated with
decreased libido and well-being, while high levels of free testosterone may indicate hirsuitism (a
condition of excessive hair growth on the face and chest) or polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Increased testosterone in women may also indicate low estrogen levels

Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxy
Vitamin D is also known as the "sunshine vitamin" because the body manufactures the vitamin
after being exposed to sunshine. Ten to 15 minutes of sunshine 3 times weekly is enough to
produce the body's requirement of vitamin D. Needed for strong bones and teeth, Vitamin D
helps your body absorb the amount of calcium it needs. It also has other roles in the body,
including modulation of cell growth, neuromuscular and immune function, and reduction of
inflammation. There are associations between low Vitamin D levels and peripheral vascular
disease, certain cancers, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile diabetes, Parkinson's,
and Alzheimer's disease.

Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Pituitary function test useful in the differential diagnosis of Cushing syndrome, ectopic ACTH
syndrome (eg, carcinoma of lung, islet cell tumors, carcinoid tumors, medullary carcinoma of
thyroid), Addison disease, hypopituitarism, and ACTH-producing pituitary tumors.
AFP Tetra Profile
AFP Tetra is a blood test used to help your doctor identify pregnancies that may be at increased
risk for open spina bifida, Down syndrome, or trisomy 18. It does not diagnose birth defects, but
can help identify those people with a higher risk who might benefit from additional testing.

ADH antidiuretic hormone profile

ADH release helps maintain the optimum amount of water in the body when there is an increase
in the concentration of the blood serum or a decrease in blood volume. Physical stress, surgery,
and high levels of anxiety can also stimulate ADH.

Aldolase
An enzyme that helps convert glucose into energy. It is found throughout the body but is
primarily found in high levels in muscle tissue. It is elevated in the bloodstream when a patient
has muscle or liver damage or disease

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin, Serum

Alpha-1 antitrypsin testing may be ordered when a newborn or infant has jaundice that lasts for
more than a week or two, an enlarged spleen, ascites, pruritus, and other signs of liver injury. It
may be ordered when a person under 40 years of age develops wheezing, a chronic cough or
bronchitis, is short of breath after exertion and/or shows other signs of emphysema. This is
especially true when the patient is not a smoker, has not been exposed to known lung irritants,
and when the lung damage appears to be located low in the lungs. AAT testing may also be done
when you have a close relative with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide

Use: Support a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF)