Prepared By : Jitendra Singh Gill (Top educator on UNACADEMY, Ex- Scientific Officer BARC, Ex-Faculty

member MADE EASY and NEXT IAS ), for GATE/ESE Aspirants

Thermodynamics Mock Test-2

Topic: Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy Date: 9/April/2022
Duration: 2 Hours Level (Moderate)

Q1. (𝑴𝑺𝑸) Two 5 kg blocks of steel, one at 250 ℃ the other at 25 ℃, come in thermal contact.
Take specific heat of steel as 0.46 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾.
(a) The final temperature of two blocks is 137.5 ℃.
(b) the final temperature of two blocks is 150 ℃.
(c) The entropy generation during the process is 0.1794 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾.
(d) This process is irreversible process.
Q2. A large slab of concrete, 5 × 8 × 0.3 𝑚, is used as a thermal storage mass in a solar-heated
house. If the slab cools overnight from 23°𝐶 𝑡𝑜 18°𝐶 in an 18°C house, what is the net entropy
change associated with this process? Take density of concrete as 2200 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 and specific
heat as 0.88 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾.
(a) 8.4 𝑘𝐽/𝐾 (b) 13.4 𝑘𝐽/𝐾
(c) 15.4 𝑘𝐽/𝐾 (d) 3.4 𝑘𝐽/𝐾
Q3. A 4 L jug of milk at 25°𝐶 is placed in your refrigerator where it is cooled down to the
refrigerators inside constant temperature of 5°𝐶. find the entropy generated in the cooling
process. Take properties of milk as given in the table below.

(a) 0.0415 𝑘𝐽/𝐾 (b) 0.415 𝑘𝐽/𝐾

(c) 0.915 𝑘𝐽/𝐾 (d) 4.15 𝑘𝐽/𝐾

Q4. A foundry form box with 25 kg of 200°C hot sand is dumped into a bucket with 50 L water at
15°C. Assuming no heat transfer with the surroundings and no boiling away of liquid water,
calculate the net entropy change for the process. Take specific heat of sand and water as
0.8 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 and 4.184 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾.
(a) 1.57 𝑘𝐽/𝐾 (b) 2.57 𝑘𝐽/𝐾
(c) 0.915 𝑘𝐽/𝐾 (d) 4.15 𝑘𝐽/𝐾

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Q5. A gas in a rigid vessel is at ambient temperature and at a pressure, 𝑃1 , slightly higher than
ambient pressure, 𝑃0 . A valve on the vessel is opened, so gas escapes and the pressure drops
quickly to ambient pressure. The valve is closed and after a long time the remaining gas returns
to ambient temperature at which point the pressure is 𝑃2 . An expression that allows a
determination of the ratio of specific heats, 𝑘, in terms of the pressures.

(𝑎) 𝑘 = ln(𝑃1 ⁄𝑃0 ) 1 ln(𝑃1 ⁄𝑃0 )

(𝑏) 𝑘 =
2 ln(𝑃1 ⁄𝑃2 )
ln(𝑃1 ⁄𝑃0 ) (𝑑) None of these
(𝑐) 𝑘 =
ln(𝑃1 ⁄𝑃2 )
Q6. A cylinder with a linear spring-loaded piston contains carbon dioxide gas at 2 MPa with a
volume of 50 L. The device is of aluminum and has a mass of 4 kg. Everything (Al and gas) is
initially at 200°C. By heat transfer the whole system cools to the ambient temperature of 25°C,
at which point the gas pressure is 1.5 MPa. The total entropy generation for the process. Take
properties of 𝐶𝑂2 as given in the table below
𝑹 (𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲) 𝒄𝑷 (𝐤𝐉/𝐤𝐠𝐊) 𝒄𝒗 (𝐤𝐉/𝐤𝐠𝐊)
0.18892 0.84182 0.6529
For aluminium take specific heat as 0.90 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾
(a) 0.552 kJ/K (b) 0.852 kJ/K
(c) 0.952 kJ/K (d) 1.552 kJ/K
Q7. An uninsulated cylinder fitted with a piston contains air at 500 kPa, 200°C, at which point the
volume is 10 L. The external force on the piston is now varied in such a manner that the air expands
to 150 kPa, 25 L volume. It is claimed that in this process the air produces 70% of the work that
would have resulted from a reversible, adiabatic expansion from the same initial pressure and
temperature to the same final pressure. Room temperature is 20°C. What is the amount of work
claimed? and Is this claim possible? Take properties of air as given in the table below

𝑹 (𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲) 𝒄𝑷 (𝐤𝐉/𝐤𝐠𝐊) 𝒄𝒗 (𝐤𝐉/𝐤𝐠𝐊)

0.18892 0.84182 0.6529

(a) 2.54 kJ and process is possible

(b) 2.54 kJ and process is not possible

(c) 1.54 kJ and process is possible

(d) 1.54 kJ and process is not possible

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Q8. A cylinder/piston contains 3 𝑘𝑔 of water at 500 𝑘𝑃𝑎, 600 ℃. The piston has a cross-sectional area
of 0.1 𝑚2 and is restrained by a linear spring with spring constant 10 kN/m. The setup is allowed to
cool down to room temperature due to heat transfer to the room at 20°C. Calculate the total (water
and surroundings) change in entropy for the process. Take properties of water at state 1 and state 2
as follows: 𝑣1 (𝑚3 ⁄𝑘𝑔); 𝑢1 (𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔); 𝑠1 (𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔𝐾)

(a) 35.52 𝑘𝐽/𝐾 (b) 18.52 𝑘𝐽/𝐾

(c) 12.18 𝑘𝐽/𝐾 (d) 25.52 𝑘𝐽/𝐾

Q9. (𝑴𝑺𝑸) The automatic transmission in a car receives 25 𝑘𝑊 shaft work and gives out 24 𝑘𝑊 to the
drive shaft. The balance is dissipated in the hydraulic fluid and metal casing, all at 45 ℃, which in
turn transmits it to the outer atmosphere at 20 ℃.

(a) The rate of entropy generation inside the transmission unit 3.1 𝑊/𝐾
(b) The rate of entropy generation outside the transmission unit 0.268 𝑊/𝐾
(c) The rate of entropy generation inside the transmission unit 5.1 𝑊/𝐾
(d) The rate of entropy generation outside the transmission unit 0.568 𝑊/𝐾

Q10. (𝑴𝑺𝑸) A farmer runs a heat pump using 2 𝑘𝑊 of power input. It keeps a chicken hatchery at a
constant 30 ℃ while the room loses 10 𝑘𝑊 to the colder outside ambient at 10 ℃.

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(a) The rate of entropy generated in the heat pump is 0.00673 𝑘𝑊/𝐾
(b) The rate of entropy generated in the heat loss process 0.00433 𝑘𝑊/𝐾
(c) The rate of entropy generated in the heat pump is 0.00473 𝑘𝑊/𝐾
(d) The rate of entropy generated in the heat loss process 0.00233 𝑘𝑊/𝐾

Q11. (𝑴𝑺𝑸) A small halogen light bulb receives an electrical power of 50 𝑊. The small filament is at
1000 K and gives out 20% of the power as light and the rest as heat transfer to the gas, which is at
500 K; the glass is at 400 𝐾. All the power is absorbed by the room walls at 25 ℃.

(a) The rate of generation of entropy in the filament is 0.05 𝑊/𝐾

(b) The rate of generation of entropy in the total bulb including glass is 0.11 𝑊/𝐾
(c) The rate of generation of entropy in the total room including bulb is 0.168 𝑊/𝐾
(d) The rate of generation of entropy in the total room including bulb is 0.268 𝑊/𝐾
Q12. (𝑴𝑺𝑸) Room air at 23 ℃ is heated by a 2000 𝑊 space heater with a surface filament temperature
of 700 𝐾, The room at steady state loses the power to the outside which is at 7 ℃.
(a) The rate of generation of entropy in the heater element is 2.857 𝑊/𝐾
(b) The rate of generation of entropy in the space between heater 700 K and room 23°C is
3.9 𝑊/𝐾
(c) The rate of generation of entropy in the wall between 23°C inside and 7°C outside is
0.589 𝑊/𝐾
(d) The rate of generation of entropy in the wall between 23°C inside and 7°C outside is
0.389 𝑊/𝐾
Q13. A reversible heat pump uses 1 kW of power input to heat a 25 ℃ room, drawing energy from the
outside at 15 ℃. Assuming every process is reversible, what are the total rates of entropy into the
heat pump from the outside and from the heat pump to the room?

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(a) 0.1 𝑘𝑊 ⁄𝐾 ; 0.1 𝑘𝑊 ⁄𝐾 (b) 0.3 𝑘𝑊 ⁄𝐾 ; 0.3 𝑘𝑊 ⁄𝐾

(c) 0.5 𝑘𝑊 ⁄𝐾 ; 0.5 𝑘𝑊 ⁄𝐾 (d) 0.4 𝑘𝑊 ⁄𝐾 ; 0.4 𝑘𝑊 ⁄𝐾

Q14. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) The food compartment of a refrigerator, shown in Figure, is maintained at 4 ℃ by removing
heat from it at a rate of 360 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛. If the required power input to the refrigerator is 2 kW,
determine (a) the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator __________ and (b) the rate of
heat rejection to the room that houses the refrigerator _____________.

Q15. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) A heat pump is used to meet the heating requirements of a house and maintain it at 20 ℃.
On a day when the outdoor air temperature drops to −2 ℃, the house is estimated to lose heat at
a rate of 80,000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ. If the heat pump under these conditions has a COP of 2.5, determine (a)
the power consumed by the heat pump _____________ and (b) the rate at which heat is
absorbed from the cold outdoor air ___________________.

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Q16. (𝑴𝑺𝑸) An inventor claims to have developed a refrigerator that maintains the refrigerated space
at 2 ℃ while operating in a room where the temperature is 25 ℃ and that has a COP of 13.5. Is this
claim reasonable?

(a) This claim is reasonable.

(b) This claim is not reasonable.
(c) This claim violates second law of thermodynamics.
(d) It has more COP than reversible refrigerator operating between same temperature limits.
Q17. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) A coal-burning steam power plant produces a net power of 300 𝑀𝑊 with an overall
thermal efficiency of 32 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡. The actual gravimetric air–fuel ratio in the furnace is calculated
to be 12 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟/𝑘𝑔 fuel. The heating value of the coal is 28,000 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. Determine (a) the amount
of coal consumed during a 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 period ______________ and (b) the rate of air flowing through
the furnace _______________.
Q18. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) When a man returns to his well-sealed house on a summer day, he finds that the house is
at 32 ℃℃. He turns on the air conditioner, which cools the entire house to 20 ℃ in 15 𝑚𝑖𝑛. If the
COP of the air-conditioning system is 2.5, determine the power drawn by the air conditioner
________. Assume the entire mass within the house is equivalent to 800 𝑘𝑔 of air for which
𝑐𝑣 = 0.72 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 ∙ ℃ and 𝑐𝑝 = 1.0 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 ∙ ℃.

Q19. A refrigerator is to remove heat from the cooled space at a rate of 300 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 to maintain its
temperature at −8 ℃. If the air surrounding the refrigerator is at 25 ℃, determine the minimum
power input required for this refrigerator.

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(a) 1. 623 𝑘𝑊 (b) 2.623 𝑘𝑊

(c) 0.623 𝑘𝑊 (d) 5.623 𝑘𝑊

Q20. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) A Carnot refrigerator operates in a room in which the temperature is 25 ℃. The
refrigerator consumes 500 W of power when operating and has a 𝐶𝑂𝑃 of 4.5. Determine (a) the
rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space ______________ and (b) the temperature of the
refrigerated space _______________.
Q21. An inventor claims to have developed a refrigeration system that removes heat from the closed
region at −12 ℃ and transfers it to the surrounding air at 25°𝐶 while maintaining a COP of 6.5.
(a) This claim is reasonable.
(b) This claim is not reasonable.
(c) This claim violates second law of thermodynamics.
(d) It has more COP than reversible refrigerator operating between same temperature limits.
Q22. A heat pump is used to heat a house and maintain it at 24 ℃. On a winter day when the outdoor
air temperature is −5 ℃, the house is estimated to lose heat at a rate of 80000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ. The
minimum power required to open this heat pump.

(a) 2.18 𝑘𝑊 (b) 3.18 𝑘𝑊

(c) 4.18 𝑘𝑊 (d) 5.18 𝑘𝑊
Q23. A heat pump is used to maintain a house at 22 ℃ by extracting heat from the outside air on a day
when the outside air temperature is 2 ℃. The house is estimated to lose heat at a rate of
110,000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ, and the heat pump consumes 5 𝑘𝑊 of electric power when running.?

(a) This heat pump is powerful enough to do the job.

(b) This heat pump is not powerful enough to do the job
(c) This heat pump violates second law of thermodynamics.

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(d) It has more COP than reversible heat pump operating between same temperature limits.
Q24. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) The structure of a house is such that it loses heat at a rate of 5400 𝑘𝐽/ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℃difference
between the indoors and outdoors. A heat pump that requires a power input of 6 𝑘𝑊 is used to
maintain this house at 21 ℃. The lowest outdoor temperature for which the heat pump can meet
the heating requirements of this house _________________.
Q25. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) A Carnot heat pump is to be used to heat to a house and maintain it at 20 ℃ in winter. On
a day when the average outdoor temperature remains at about 2 ℃, the house is estimated to
lose heat at a rate of 82000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ. If the heat pump consumes 8 𝑘𝑊 of power while operating,
determine (a) how long the heat pump ran on that day ______________; (b) the total heating
costs, assuming an average price of 8.5 ¢/𝑘𝑊ℎ for electricity _______________; and (c) the
heating cost for the same day if resistance heating is used instead of a heat pump
__________________.

Q26. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) A Carnot heat engine receives heat from a reservoir at 900°𝐶 at a rate of 800 kJ/min and
rejects the waste heat to the ambient air at 27°𝐶. The entire work output of the heat engine is
used to drive a refrigerator that removes heat from the refrigerated space at −5 ℃ and transfers
it to the same ambient air at 27°𝐶. Determine (a) the maximum rate of heat removal from the
refrigerated space __________ and (b) the total rate of heat rejection to the ambient air _______.
Q27. (𝑵𝑨𝑻) Cold water at 10°C enters a water heater at the rate of 0.02 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛 and leaves the water
heater at 50 ℃. The water heater receives heat from a heat pump that receives heat from a heat
source at 0 ℃.
(a) Assuming the water to be an incompressible liquid that does not change phase during heat
addition, determine the rate of heat supplied to the water__________________ in 𝑘𝐽/𝑠.
(b) Assuming the water heater acts as a heat sink having an average temperature of 30°𝐶,
determine the minimum power supplied to the heat pump_________________ in 𝑘𝑊.
Take specific heat and specific volume of water at room temperature are 𝑐𝑃 = 4.18 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 and
𝑣 = 0.001 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔.

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Q28. A heat pump receives heat from a lake that has an average winter time temperature of 6 ℃ and
supplies heat into a house having an average temperature of 27 ℃.
(a) If the house loses heat to the atmosphere at the rate of 64,000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ, determine the minimum
power supplied to the heat pump__________________ in 𝑘𝑊.
(b) A heat exchanger is used to transfer the energy from the lake water to the heat pump. If the
lake water temperature decreases by 5 ℃ as it flows through the lake water-to-heat pump heat
exchanger, determine the minimum mass flow rate of lake water __________________, in 𝑘𝑔/𝑠.
Neglect the effect of the lake water pump. Take specific heat and specific volume of water at
room temperature are 𝑐𝑃 = 4.18 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 and 𝑣 = 0.001 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔.

Q29. A heat pump supplies heat energy to a house at the rate of 140,000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ when the house is
maintained at 25 ℃. Over a period of one month, the heat pump operates for 100 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 to
transfer energy from a heat source outside the house to inside the house. Consider a heat pump
receiving heat from two different outside energy sources. In one application the heat pump
receives heat from the outside air at 0 ℃. In a second application the heat pump receives heat
from a lake having a water temperature of 10 ℃. If electricity costs $0.085/𝑘𝑊ℎ, The maximum
money saved by using the lake water rather than the outside air as the outside energy source
_____________.
Q30. The drinking water needs of an office are met by cooling tab water in a refrigerated water fountain
from 23 𝑡𝑜 6°𝐶 at an average rate of 10 𝑘𝑔/ℎ. If the COP of this refrigerator is 3.1, the required
power input to this refrigerator is
(a) 197 𝑊 (b) 612 𝑊
(c) 64 𝑊 (d) 109 𝑊
(e) 403 𝑊

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Q31. A heat pump is absorbing heat from the cold outdoors at 5 ℃ and supplying heat to a house at
22 ℃ at a rate of 18,000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ. If the power consumed by the heat pump is 2.5 𝑘𝑊, the
coefficient of performance of the heat pump is
(a) 0.5 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 5
(e) 17.3
Q32. A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1000°𝐶 and rejects the waste heat to a sink at 50 ℃.
If heat is supplied to this engine at a rate of 100 𝑘𝐽/𝑠, the maximum power this heat engine can
produce is
(a) 25.4 𝑘𝑊 (b) 55.4 𝑘𝑊
(c) 74.6 𝑘𝑊 (d) 95 𝑘𝑊
(e) 100 𝑘𝑊
Q33. A heat pump with a COP of 3.2 is used to heat a perfectly sealed house (no air leaks). The entire
mass within the house (air, furniture, etc.) is equivalent to 1200 𝑘𝑔 of air. When running, the heat
pump consumes electric power at a rate of 5 𝑘𝑊. The temperature of the house was 7 ℃ when
the heat pump was turned on. If heat transfer through the envelope of the house (walls, roof,
etc.) is negligible, the length of time the heat pump must run to raise the temperature of the
entire contents of the house to 22 ℃ is
(a) 13.5 𝑚𝑖𝑛 (b) 43.1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
(c) 138 𝑚𝑖𝑛 (d) 18.8 𝑚𝑖𝑛
(e) 808 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Q34. An air conditioning system operating on the reversed Carnot cycle is required to remove heat from
the house at a rate of 32 𝑘𝐽/𝑠 to maintain its temperature constant at 20 ℃. If the temperature
of the outdoor is 35 ℃, the power required to operate this air-conditioning system is

(a) 0.58 𝑘𝑊 (b) 3.20 𝑘𝑊

(c) 1.56 𝑘𝑊 (d) 2.26 𝑘𝑊
(e) 1.64 𝑘𝑊
Q35. A refrigerator is removing heat from a cold medium at 3 ℃ at a rate of 7200 𝑘𝐽/ℎ and rejecting
the waste heat to a medium at 30 ℃. If the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator is 2, the
power consumed by the refrigerator is

(a) 0.1 𝑘𝑊 (b) 0.5 𝑘𝑊

(c) 1 𝑘𝑊 (d) 2 𝑘𝑊
(e) 5 𝑘𝑊
Q36. Two Carnot heat engines are operating in series such that the heat sink of the first engine serves as
the heat source of the second one. If the source temperature of the first engine is 1600 𝐾 and the
sink temperature of the second engine is 300 𝐾 and the thermal efficiencies of both engines are
the same, the temperature of the intermediate reservoir is
(a) 950 𝐾 (b) 693 𝐾

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 Prepared By : Jitendra Singh Gill (Top educator on UNACADEMY, Ex- Scientific Officer BARC, Ex-Faculty
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(c) 860 𝐾 (d) 473 𝐾

(e) 758 𝐾

Answers of Thermodynamics Mock Test-2 9/04/2022

Q1. a, c and d Q21.a
Q2. d Q22. a
Q3. a Q23. a
Q4. b Q24. −13.3 ℃
Q5. c Q25. 4.19 ℎ𝑟; $2.85; $46.47
Q6. a Q26. 4982 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛; 5782 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛
Q7. a Q27. 55.73 𝑘𝑊; 5.52 𝑘𝑊
Q8. c Q28. 1.244 𝑘𝑊; 0.791 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐
Q9. a and b Q29. $11.10
Q10. d and d Q30. C
Q11. a, b and c Q31. c
Q12. a, b and d Q32. c
Q13. a Q33. a
Q14. 3; 480 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 Q34. e
Q15. 32000 𝑘𝐽⁄ℎ ; 48000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ Q35. c
Q16. a, c and d Q36. b
Q17. 2.89 × 106 𝑘𝑔; 402 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐
Q18.
Q19. c
Q20. 135 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛; −29.2 ℃

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