The Distance

Formula
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should
be able to:
a. Derive the distance formula.
b. Find the distance between a pair of points
on the coordinate plane.
c. Appreciate how the distance formula
facilitates finding solutions to real-life
problems.
Along Aguinaldo Highway
are the houses of four 4 units
Grade 10 students namely
Jose, Emilio, Gabriella and
Antonio. Their teacher’s 3 units
house is some blocks away
from Gabriella’s house as
illustrated on the right.
a. What is the distance between Emilio’s house and Gabriella’s
house? How about the distance between their teacher’s house
and Gabriella’s house?
b. Use line segments to connect the
points representing the houses of
Emilio (E), their teacher (T), and 4 units
Gabriella (G). What kind of triangle
is formed?
c. Give the coordinates of points E, 3 units
T, and G.
E(1, 1) T(4, 5) G(4, 1)
d. Using the coordinates, how do you determine the horizontal
distance from E to G or G to E? the vertical distance from T to G
or G to T?
Horizontal Distance from E to G or G to E
4−1 = 3 1−4 = 3
Vertical Distance from G to T or T to G
5−1 = 4 1−5 = 4
e. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to
find the distance between the
teacher’s house and Emilio’s 4 units
house.
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
3 units
𝒄𝟐 = (𝟒)𝟐 +(𝟑)𝟐
𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟗
𝒄𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
𝑐 = 25
𝒄 = 𝟓 units
Replace the coordinates of E by (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and
T by (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ). The coordinates of G would be
(𝑥2 , 𝑦1 ).
Horizontal Distance from E to G or G to E
𝐸𝐺 = 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 or 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
Vertical Distance from T to G or G to T
𝑇𝐺 = 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 or 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
To compute for the distance from E to T we
will use the Pythagorean Theorem and
substitute the values.
𝑬𝑻 𝟐 = 𝑬𝑮 𝟐 + 𝑻𝑮 𝟐
𝑬𝑻 = (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 +(𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2
𝑬𝑻 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐 Distance Formula
The Distance Formula
is an equation that can be used to find the distance
between any pair of points on the coordinate plane.
The distance formula is

𝒅= (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐
Find the distance between the points E (1, 1) and T (4, 5).
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
Let (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (1, 1) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )=(4, 5).
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:
𝑬𝑻 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐 𝑬𝑻 = 𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

𝑬𝑻 = (𝟏 − 𝟒)𝟐 +(𝟏 − 𝟓)𝟐

𝑬𝑻 = (𝟑)𝟐 +(−𝟒)𝟐

𝑬𝑻 = 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟔
𝑬𝑻 = 𝟐𝟓
Find the distance between the points A (-1, -7) & B (-3, -6).
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
Let (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (-1, -7) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )=(-3, -6).
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟒 + 𝟏
𝑨𝑩 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓
𝑨𝑩 = [(−𝟏 − −𝟑 ]𝟐 +[−𝟕 − −𝟔 ]𝟐 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

𝑨𝑩 = (−𝟏 + 𝟑)𝟐 +(−𝟕 + 𝟔)𝟐

𝑨𝑩 = (𝟐)𝟐 +(−𝟏)𝟐
The Philippines is known for more than
7,107 islands. Many tourists love
travelling by boat from island to island,
or island hopping. Find the shortest
distance between the two given islands
in the map below.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
Let (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (-3, 1) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )=(2, -1).
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:

𝒅= (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐 𝒅= 𝟐𝟓 + (𝟐)𝟐

𝒅 = 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟒
𝒅= (−𝟑 − 𝟐)𝟐 +[𝟏 − −𝟏 ]𝟐
𝒅 = 𝟐𝟗
𝒅= (−𝟓)𝟐 +(𝟏 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝒅 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟗 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
The Midpoint Formula
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should be
able to:
a. Determine the coordinates of the midpoint of a
line segment on a coordinate plane using the
midpoint formula.
b. Find the other endpoint of a line segment when
the midpoint and one endpoint are given.
c. Appreciate the importance of the
midpoint formula in making wise
decisions.
 A plane flying between
two cities cannot stop mid-
air to ascertain its position.
If you are the pilot and the
plane gets some engine
damage, will you go back
or head on to the final
destination? What factor
would you consider in
making a decision?
P and Q are endpoints of a line
segment.
Point M is called the midpoint
and it divides line segment PQ
into two equal parts.
The x-coordinate of M is the average
of the x-coordinates of P and Q,
while the y-coordinate of M is the
average of the y-coordinates of P
and Q.
The Midpoint Formula
is a formula that can be used to find the
coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment on
the coordinate plane.
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑷(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and Q(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) is

𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
( , )
𝟐 𝟐
The coordinates of the endpoints of 𝐴𝐵 are (3, 5) and (9, 7)
respectively. What are the coordinates of its midpoint M?
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
Let (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (3, 5) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )=(9, 7).
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝑴(𝟔, 𝟔)
𝑴( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑+𝟗 𝟓+𝟕
𝑴( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝑴( , )
𝟐 𝟐
The coordinates of the endpoints of 𝐴𝐵 are (1, -5) and (7, 4)
respectively. What are the coordinates of its midpoint M?
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
Let (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (1, -5) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )=(7, 4).
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 −𝟏
𝑴( , ) 𝑴(𝟒, )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏+𝟕 −𝟓 + 𝟒
𝑴( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟖 −𝟏
𝑴( , )
𝟐 𝟐
If P (-1, 2) is the midpoint of 𝑅𝐽, and one endpoint R has
coordinates (7, -8), find the coordinates of the other endpoint J.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 = 7, −8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥, 𝑦 = −1, 2 , 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:
𝒙𝟐 = −𝟕 − 𝟐 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖 + 𝟒
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐 = −𝟗
𝒙= 𝒚= 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
𝟕 + 𝒙𝟐 −𝟖 + 𝒚𝟐 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐽 𝑎𝑟𝑒 (−9, 12).
−𝟏 = 𝟐=
𝟐 𝟐

−𝟐 = 𝟕 + 𝒙𝟐 4 = −𝟖 + 𝒚𝟐
 Stan and Cheena are having their vacation in two
different islands in the Philippines as illustrated below.
They decided to meet at a point halfway between their
locations to save travel time. Find the exact coordinates
of the midpoint between the two islands where they will
meet.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
Let (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (-3, 1) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )=(2, -1).
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚 𝟐
𝑴=( , )
𝟐 𝟐
−𝟑 + 𝟐 𝟏 + (−𝟏)
𝑴=( , )
𝟐 𝟐
−𝟏 𝟎
𝑴=( , )
𝟐 𝟐
−𝟏 1
𝑴=( , 𝟎) 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛 & 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑡( − , 0)
𝟐 2
The Coordinate Proof
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should be
able to:
a. Define a coordinate proof.
b. Apply the distance formula to prove some
geometric properties.
c. Appreciate the significance of the distance
formula and the midpoint formula in writing a
coordinate proof.
 Many geometric properties can be
proven by using a coordinate plane. A proof
that uses figures on a coordinate plane to
prove geometric properties is called a
coordinate proof.
 To prove geometric properties using the methods of
coordinate geometry, consider the following guidelines for
placing figures on a coordinate plane.

1. Use the origin as vertex or center of a figure.

2. Place at least one side of a polygon on an axis.
3. If possible, keep the figure within the first quadrant.
4. Use coordinates that make computations simple and
easy. Sometimes, using coordinates that are multiples of
two would make the computation easier.
 Prove that the line segments
joining the midpoints of the successive
sides of any rectangle form a rhombus.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆: 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝐹𝐺𝐻 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑠
To prove Place rectangle ABCD on a coordinate
plane. Label the coordinates using variables as shown
on the next slide.
Use the distance formula to find the lengths
of 𝐸𝐹, 𝐹𝐺, 𝐺𝐻, 𝐻𝐸,
𝑬𝑭 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐

𝑬𝑭 = (𝒂 − 𝟎)𝟐 +(𝟐𝒃 − 𝒃)𝟐

𝑬𝑭 = 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
𝑮𝑯 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐
𝑭𝑮 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐
𝑮𝑯 = (𝒂 − 𝟐𝒂)𝟐 +(𝟎 − 𝒃)𝟐

𝑭𝑮 = (𝟐𝒂 − 𝒂)𝟐 +(𝒃 − 𝟐𝒃)𝟐

𝑮𝑯 = 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
𝑭𝑮 = 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
𝑯𝑬 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐
Since 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐹𝐺 = 𝐺𝐻 = 𝐻𝐸,
Then EFGH is a rhombus 𝑯𝑬 = (𝒂 − 𝟎)𝟐 +(𝒃 − 𝟎)𝟐 𝑯𝑬 = 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Prove that the line segment joining
the midpoints of two sides of a
triangle has length half that of the
third side.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝑃𝑄𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝑅
1
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆: 𝑆𝑇 = 𝑃𝑅
2
Place triangle PQR on a coordinate plane. Label the
coordinates using variables as shown in the figure.
Use the midpoint formula to find
the coordinates of S and T.
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝑸 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟎+𝒃 𝟎+𝒄
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝑸 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒃 𝒄
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝑸 = ( , ) Coordinate of Point S
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝑸 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂+𝒃 𝟎+𝒄
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝑸 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂+𝒃 𝒄
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝑸 = ( , ) Coordinate of Point T
𝟐 𝟐
Use the distance formula to find
the length of 𝑆𝑇 and 𝑃𝑅 .
𝑺𝑻 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐

𝒃 𝒂+𝒃 𝟐 𝒄 𝒄 𝟐
𝑺𝑻 = ( − ) +( − )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝒃−𝒂−𝒃 𝟐
𝑺𝑻 = ( ) + (𝟎)𝟐 𝑷𝑹 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐
𝟐
−𝒂 𝟐
𝑺𝑻 = ( ) 𝑷𝑹 = (𝟎 − 𝒂)𝟐 +(𝟎 − 𝟎)𝟐
𝟐
𝒂𝟐 𝑷𝑹 = (−𝒂)𝟐 +(𝟎)𝟐
𝑺𝑻 = 𝒂 𝟏
𝟒 𝑺𝑻 = 𝒐𝒓 𝒂
𝟐 𝟐 𝑷𝑹 = 𝒂𝟐 𝑷𝑹 = 𝒂
Prove that the line segment joining
the midpoints of two sides of a
triangle has length half that of the
third side.

𝒂 𝟏
𝑺𝑻 = 𝒐𝒓 𝒂 𝑷𝑹 = 𝒂
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 Checking:
𝑺𝑻 = 𝑷𝑹
𝟐 𝟏
𝑺𝑻 = 𝑷𝑹
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑺𝑻 = 𝒂 𝒂 = 𝒂
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Use the midpoint formula to find
the coordinates of S and T.
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝑴 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂+𝒃 𝟎+𝒄
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝑴 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂+𝒃 𝒄 Coordinate of Point C
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝑴 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝑴 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂+𝟎 𝟎+𝟎
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝑴 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂
𝑴 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝑴 = ( , 𝟎) Coordinate of Point G
𝟐
Use the distance formula to find
the length of 𝐶𝐺 and 𝐸𝐿 .
𝑪𝑮 = (𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝟐

𝒂+𝒃 𝒂 𝟐 𝒄
𝑪𝑮 = ( − ) +( − 𝟎)𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝒂+𝒃−𝒂 𝟐 𝒄 𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄 𝟐 𝑬𝑳 = (𝟎 − 𝒃)𝟐 +(𝟎 − 𝒄)𝟐

𝑪𝑮 = ( ) +( ) 𝑪𝑮 = +
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝒃 𝟐 𝒄 𝟐 𝑬𝑳 = (−𝒃)𝟐 +(𝒄)𝟐
𝑪𝑮 = ( ) +( ) 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝑪𝑮 =
𝟒 𝑬𝑳 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄 𝟐
𝒃𝟐 𝒄 𝟐
𝑪𝑮 = 𝟐
+ 𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝑪𝑮 =
𝟐
 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄 𝟐
𝑪𝑮 = 𝑬𝑳 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄 𝟐
𝟐

𝟏
𝑪𝑮 = 𝑬𝑳
𝟐

𝟏 Checking:
𝑪𝑮 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
𝑪𝑮 = 𝑬𝑳
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
 ASSIGNMENT:

1. Prove the following if they are

TRUE using the Coordinate Proof.
2. Use graphing paper or grids.
3. Make a Powerpoint presentation
for your proof.