UNIT 9

➔ DESCRIBING PEOPLE
Use HAVE / HAS (Tiene) or IS (es) to describe eyes and hair color
Heigh → IS
? → How tall is she? / How tall is he?

Short Pequeño She is short / I am short

Fairly short Bastante pequeño He is fairly short/ I am fairly short
Medium Height Estatura media She is medium height/ I am medium height
Pretty height Bastante alto He is pretty height/ I am pretty height
Very tall Muy alto She is very tall / I am very tall
Tall Alto He is tall/ I am tall
Hair color → HAS
? →What color is his/her hair? It’s dark/light brown/black hair

Brown Café She has brown hair / I have brown hair

Black Negro He has black hair / I have black hair
Blond Rubio She has blond hair/ I have blond hair
Red Rojo He has red hair/ I have red hair
Grey Gris She has grey hair / I have grey hair
White Blanco She has dark hair/ I have light hair
Dark Oscuro
Light Claro
Hair long → HAS

? → How long is her/his hair? It’s long hair Or It’s straight hair

Long hair Cabello largo She has long hair / I have long hair
Short hair Cabello corto He has short hair/ I have short hair
Straight hair Cabello lacio She has straight hair/ I have straight hair
Curly hair Cabello Crespo She has curly hair/ I have curly
Medium length Cabello medio largo He has medium length hair / I have medium
Bald Calvo length hair or IT’S MEDIUM LENGTH
Wavy hair Cabello ondulado She has wavy hair/ I have wavy hair
A mustache Mostacho He has a mustache
A beard Barba He has a beard
He is bald
Eyes color → HAS

Age→ IS

Middle-aged Edad media

Young Joven
Elderly Anciano
About Unos
 In her or in his twenties En sus veintes He is middle aged
She is young
He is elderly
She is about 30
He is in his twenties

General Appearance → IS

Good looking Guapo He is good looking

Pretty Guapa She is pretty
Handsome Guapo He is handsome

➔ MODIFIERS WITH PRESENT PARTICIPLE AND PREPOSITIONS Behind

Verb + ing → Cuando se habla de In
una persona en especifico
On
Use the one OR ones
With
➔ When ask questions with one or ones is answered with one or ones
Next to
PREPOSITIONS Ayudan a la identificación Under
? →Wich one is sara? de la persona
+ → She’s the tall one in jeans Between

PARTICIPLE
? → Wich ones are your neighbors? SI NO ESTA ING SE PONE LA
+→ They’re the ones walking with the babies PREPOSICIÓN

UNIT 10
➔ PRESENT PERFECT – ALREADY and YET
Have = Tener (Simples)
Have = Haber (Perfect tenses) → He / Ha / Has / Han / Hemos
PRESENT PERFECT: Use the Present perfect for actions that happened sometime in the past
Structure of sentences:
SUBJET + HAS/HAVE + VERB (PAST PARTICIPLE) + PREDICATE

VERBO + ADO/IDO
No son un momento en el tiempo → son un ciclo tiene principio y un fin
 PRESENT
SIMPLE SIMPLE
PERFECT SIMPLE
PAST FUTURE
PRESENT

IT’S A MOMENT IN THE TIME

EXAMPLES:
+→ I have lived in Weston for 18 years
Yo he vivido en Weston por 18 años
?→ Tina has eaten very much today
Tina ha comido mucho hoy
-→ Tina hasn’t eaten very much today
?→ Has Tina eaten very much today?
+→ Yes, she has
-→ No, she hasn’t
Pasa todo en el pasado → 99.9% de la acción del presente perfecto fue en el pasado
YET → Aun no ➔ LA ACCION NO SE HA HECHO
Examples: SE UTILIZA SOLO IN A QUESTIONS OR NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
→I haven’t eaten yet DESPUES DEL VERBO

→I haven’t gotten married yet

ALREADY→ Ya
➔ LA ACCION YA SE HIZO
Ready= Listo SE UTILIZA SOLO AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
Examples: ANTES DEL VERBO
→I already finished the class
→I have already eaten in that restaurant

➔ SIMPLE PAST VS PRESENT PERFECT

Use the SIMPLE PAST for a specific event in the Use the PRESENT PERFECT for an
past -> The SIMPLE PAST to say when a past indefinite time in the past -> Don’t
action happened mention a specific time with the PRESENT
PERFECT
DID
HAVE/HAS
+ SHE ATE HAMBURGER LAST NIGHT
+ SHE HAS EATEN HAMBURGER TODAY
-SHE DIDN’T EATS HAMBURGER LAST NIGHT
-SHE HASN’T EATEN HAMBURGER TODAY
? DID SHE EAT HAMBURGERS LAST NIGHT?
? HAS SHE EATEN HAMBURGER TODAY?
➔ Yesterday
➔ Ago ➔ Already → Ever → For
➔ Last ➔ Yet → Never → So far
➔ Just → Since → Today
 Examples:

o She didn’t come because she hasn’t finished the project

o Tina hasn’t understood the class today because she didn’t come yesterday
➔ FOR AND SINCE

FOR= Por SINCE= Desde

A period of time to describe how long a A point in time to describe when a present
present conditional has been true conditional started

→ Two weeks ➔ 6:45 or hours exactly

→ A few months ➔ Last weekend
→ Several years ➔ 2009 or years
→ A long time ➔ Elementary school
→ Almost (year) ➔ Monday or days
→ Ever ➔ January or months
→ 20 minutes ➔ I left school
→ 6 months ➔ Yesterday

I HAVE LIVED IN FLORIDA FOR 20 YEARS I HAVE LIVED IN FLORIDA SINCE 2003

UNIT 11
ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE PLACES
1. Beautiful – Ugly
2. Cheap – Expensive
3. Clean – Polluted
4. Interesting – Boring
5. Quiet – Noisy
6. Relaxing – Stressful
7. Safe – Dangerous
8. Spacious - Crowded
9. Famous – Unknown
➔ ADVERBS BEFORE ADJECTIVES
Use A or AN with adverb + adjective + singular noun
Example
→It has a fairly + new + park
→It’s + an old + city
→ NOT USE WITH PLURAL
→ ONLY SINGULAR
DON’T USE A or AN with adverb + adjective
Example:
→ It’s fairly new. It’s old
 ➔ CONJUNCTIONS
AND (Y)→ Use for additional information
Example:
→It´s an exciting city, and the weather is great
BUT (PERO) – HOWEVER (SIN EMBARGO) -THOUGH (AUNQUE) → For contrasting
information
Example:
→ It’s very safe during the day, but it’s pretty dangerous at night
Example:
→ The summers are hot. The evenings are fairly cold, though.
Example:
→It is a fairly large city. It’s not too interesting, however.

➔ MODAL VERBS CAN AND SHOULD

CAN
◼ NOUN= (LATA) I HAVE A CAN OF BEER IN MY HAND
◼ VERB= Action capacity: I can speak 6 languages
◼ MODAL PERMISSIVE and AUXILIARY

CAN/CAN’T SHOULD / SHOULDN’T

(PUEDO/ NO PUEDO) (DEBERIA / NO DEBERIA – S- AN – AMOS)

Use CAN or CAN’T to talk about things that are Use SHOULD or SHOULDN’T to suggest things
possible that are good to do.

➔ You CAN walk around the historic center For advices (Consejo o sugerencia)
➔ You CAN’T go any time
➔ You SHOULD try the local restaurant
➔ CAN I use your computer?
➔ You SHOULDN’T miss the Museo del Oro
◼ Puedo usar tu computadora
➔ I CAN run very fast EXAMPLES:
➔ I CAN’T run very fast
➔ CAN I run very fast? ➔ + My sister SHOULD buy a car
➔ - My sister SHOULDN’T buy a car
➔ ? SHOULD my sister buy a car?
➔ + Yes, she SHOULD
➔ - No, she SHOULDN’T

UNIT 12
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
 1. A headache → Dolor de cabeza
2. A cough→ Tos
3. A cold → Resfriado
4. The flu → Gripa
5. A stomachache → Dolor de estomago
6. A backache → Dolor de espalda
7. Sore muscles → Dolor muscular
8. Insomnia → Insomnio
9. A sore throat → Dolor de garganta
10. A fever → Fiebre
11. A toothache → Dolor de dientes
12. A burn → Una quemadura
13. An insect bite → Picadura de insecto
14. Stress → Estres
15. The hiccups → Hipo
16. A sunburn → Quemadura del sol

➔ ADJECTIVES + INFINITIVE; NOUN + INFINITIVE

Verb infinitive= to + use in base form
Noun: sustantivo + to + use in base form
Examples:
It’s important + to get + some rest
It’s a good idea + to drink + garlic tea
It’s sometimes helpful + to take + some vitamin C
In negative statements:
NOT comes before the infinitive
It’s important NOT to exercise too hard

CONTAINERS
1. Bag → Bolsa
Ex: Bag of cough drops OR Bag of cotton
2. Bottle → Botella
Ex: Bottle of insect spray OR Bottle of pain medicine
3. Box → Caja
Ex: Box of herbal tea OR Box of bandages
4. Jar → Frasco
Ex: Jar of face cream
5. Can → Lata
Ex: Can of shaving cream OR Can of rice
6. Pack → Paquete
Ex: Pack of cough drops OR Pack of tissues
7. Stick→ Barra
Ex: Stick of butter or Stick of gum
8. Tube → Tubo
Ex: Tube of toothpaste OR Tube of muscle ointment

➔ MODAL VERBS CAN, COULD, AND MAY; FOR REQUESTS; SUGGESTIONS

CAN- COULD- MAY = PUEDO

MAY → Very formal

COULD → Less formal

MAY → Informal