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OnlyIAS GS1 PYQ: 2013-2020

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 2013-2020: GS-1

TOPIC: INDIAN CULTURE WILL COVER THE SALIENT ASPECTS OF ART FORMS,
LITERATURE AND ARCHITECTURE FROM ANCIENT TO MODERN TIMES.

1. Indian Philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping 2020
the monuments and their art in India. Discuss.
2. Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment 2020
3. The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our 2020
knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss.
4. Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. 2020
Enumerate.
5. Highlight the Central Asian and Greco -Bactrian elements in Gandhara art. 2019
6. Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Discuss 2018
7. Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travelers in the 2018
reconstruction of the history of India.
8. The Bhakti movement received a remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri 2018
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Discuss.
9. How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of Gupta numismatic art is 2017
not at all noticeable in later times?
10. Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully 2016
expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate.
11. Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar 2016
himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss.
12. The ancient civilization in Indian sub-continent differed from those of Egypt, 2015
Mesopotamia and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved
without a breakdown to the present day. Comment.
13. Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the 2015
times but also a tine aesthetic sense comparable to modem painting. Critically
evaluate this comment.
14. To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization 2014
provided inputs to the present-day urbanization? Discuss.
15. Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain. 2014
16. Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were 2014
associated a number of renowned learned personalities of different disciplines. Its
strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not
considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss.
17. Sufis and medieval mystic saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and 2014
practices or the outward structure of Hindu / Muslim societies to any appreciable
extent. Comment.

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18. Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of 2013
South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of
its time with remarkable vividness. Comment.
19. Discuss the Tandava dance as recorded in the early Indian inscriptions. 2013
20. Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple 2013
architecture. Discuss.

TOPIC: MODERN INDIAN HISTORY FROM ABOUT THE MIDDLE OF THE EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY UNTIL THE PRESENT- SIGNIFICANT EVENTS, PERSONALITIES, ISSUES; THE
FREEDOM STRUGGLE – ITS VARIOUS STAGES AND IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS
/CONTRIBUTIONS FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY.

1. Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long-term implications on the 2020
national movements.
2. Since the decade of the 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideological 2020
strands and thereby expanded its social base. Discuss.
3. The 1857 Uprising was the culmination the recurrent big and small local rebellions 2019
that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate.
4. Examine the linkages between 19th centuries ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the 2019
emergence of national identity.
5. Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the 2019
Gandhian phase. Elaborate.
6. Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of 2019
power during the 1940s.
7. Throw light on the significance of the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in the present 2018
times.
8. Clarify how mid-eighteenth-century India was beset with the spectre of a 2017
fragmented polity.
9. Why did the ‘Moderates’ fail to carry conviction with the nation about their 2017
proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century?
10. Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled 2017
the rural economy.
11. The women’s questions arose in modern India as a part of the 19th century social 2017
reform movement. What were the major issues and debates concerning women in
that period?
12. Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of 2017
Indian independence since twenties of the last century.
13. Explain how the Uprising of 1857 constitutes an important watershed in the 2016
evolution of British policies towards colonial India.
14. Discuss the role of women in the freedom struggle especially during the Gandhian 2016
phase.

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OnlyIAS GS1 PYQ: 2013-2020

15. Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma 2016
Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.
16. How different would have been the achievement of Indian independence without 2015
Mahatma Gandhi? Discuss.
17. It would have been difficult for the Constituent Assembly to complete its historic 2015
task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India in just three years but for
the experience gained with the Government of India Act, 1935. Discuss.
18. The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire-shaking 2014
battles fought at Panipat?
19. Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India 2014
from mid-eighteenth century till independence.
20. In what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British 2014
colonial aspirations in India?
21. Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the 2013
torch bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss.
22. Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various 2013
movements. Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom.
23. In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India. Elaborate. 2013

TOPIC: POST-INDEPENDENCE CONSOLIDATION AND REORGANIZATION WITHIN THE
COUNTRY.

1. Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan movements initiated by 2013
Acharya Vinoba Bhave and their success.
2. Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan “Jai Jawana Jai 2013
Kisan”.
3. Discuss the contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre-and post-independent 2013
India.
4. Analyze the circumstances that led to Tashkent Agreement in 1966. Discuss the 2013
highlights of the agreement.
5. Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive roles 2013
in the emergence of Bangladesh.

TOPIC: HISTORY OF THE WORLD WILL INCLUDE EVENTS FROM 18TH CENTURY SUCH AS
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, WORLD WARS, REDRAW OF NATIONAL BOUNDARIES,
COLONIZATION, DECOLONIZATION, POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES LIKE COMMUNISM,
CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM ETC.- THEIR FORMS AND EFFECT ON THE SOCIETY.

1. Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and 2019
French revolution.
2. Why indentured labour was taken by the British from India to other colonies? 2018
Have they been able to preserve their cultural identity over there?

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OnlyIAS GS1 PYQ: 2013-2020

3. What problems were germane to the decolonization process of Malay Peninsula. 2017
4. The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western- 2016
educated Africans. Examine.
5. Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England? Discuss the quality of 2015
life of the people there during the industrialization. How does it compare with
that in India at present?
6. To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World 2015
Wars? Discuss critically.
7. What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world 2014
which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India?
8. What were the events that led to the Suez Crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final 2014
blow to Britain’s self-image as a world power?
9. The New Economic Policy – 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by 2014
India soon after independence. Evaluate.
10. “Latecomer” Industrial revolution in Japan involved certain factors that were 2013
markedly different from what west had experience.
11. Africa was chopped into states artificially created by accident of European 2013
competition. Analyze.
12. American Revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism. Substantiate. 2013
13. What policy instruments were deployed to contain the great economic 2013
depression?

TOPIC: COMMUNALISM, REGIONALISM, SECULARISM; SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT; SALIENT
FEATURES OF INDIAN SOCIETY; DIVERSITY OF INDIA;

1. Do you agree that regionalism in India appears to be a consequence of rising 2020
cultural assertiveness? Argue.
2. Has caste lost its relevance in understanding the multi- cultural Indian Society? 2020
Elaborate your answer with illustrations.
3. “Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste 2018
system cannot be eradicated in India.” Comment.
4. How the Indian concept of secularism is different from the western model of 2018
secularism? Discuss.
5. ‘Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation. Argue 2018
by giving suitable illustrations.
6. The spirit tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society 2017
from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at the present.
Elaborate.
7. Distinguish between religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one 2017
example of how the former has got transformed into the latter in independent
India.

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OnlyIAS GS1 PYQ: 2013-2020

8. In the context of diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units 2017
rather than the States? Give reasons with examples for your viewpoint.
9. What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence, 2017
addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs)?
10. Has the formation of linguistic States strengthened the cause of Indian Unity? 2016
11. Why are the tribals in India referred to as the Scheduled Tribes? Indicate the major 2016
provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment.
12. What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of 2016
development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate
your answer.
13. Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, despite having divergent approaches and 2015
strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate.
14. Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative 2015
significance in building a national identity.
15. Debate the issue of whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of 2015
Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste.
16. How do the Indian debates on secularism differ from the debates in the West? 2014
17. Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in the generation of demand 2013
for a separate state. Discuss

TOPIC: ROLE OF WOMEN AND WOMEN’S ORGANISATION;

1. “Empowering women is the key to control population growth”. Discuss 2019
2. What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space? 2019
3. ‘Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower 2018
social strata. Substantiate your view.
4. How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is 2015
more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes?
5. How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle-class working woman in 2014
India?
6. Discuss the various economic and socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing 2014
feminization of agriculture in India.
7. Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for 2014
women? Give your arguments
8. Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women’s organization
free from gender bias. Comment 2013

TOPIC: POVERTY, POPULATION; DEVELOPMENT AND ASSOCIATED ISSUES

1. COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. 2020

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OnlyIAS GS1 PYQ: 2013-2020

2. How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the education 2020
system in the country? Elaborate your answer.
3. What makes Indian society unique in sustaining its culture? Discuss. 2019
4. What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism. 2019
5. Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation? Elaborate with 2019
examples.
6. ‘Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the 2018
government in India, poverty is still existing.’ Explain by giving reasons.
7. Discuss whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the 2018
economy of India.
8. Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and 2018
explain the nature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success.
9. “An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from 2016
deprivation.” Substantiate this statement with suitable examples.
10. Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty 2015
is the main cause of population increase in India.
11. Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in 2015
the last four decades.
12. The life cycle of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social 2014
values. Discuss.

TOPIC: URBANIZATION: PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES

1. Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like 2020
Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures.
2. How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic 2019
development of India?
3. “The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water 2018
harvesting system.” How can it be made effective in urban areas?
4. The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues employment but has 2017
also created new problems. Substantiate this statement with examples.
Urbanization
5. With a brief background of quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives 2016
and strategy of the ‘Smart City Programme’.
6. Major cities of India are becoming more vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss. 2016
7. Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three mega cities of the country but the air 2015
pollution is much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two.
Why is this so?
8. Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement 2015
in the backdrop of rural urban integration.
9. Discussion the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process 2013
of urbanization in India.

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TOPIC: EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN SOCIETY

1. Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your 2020
answer.
2. Customs and traditions suppress reason leading to obscurantism. Do you agree? 2020
3. Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss. 2019
4. ‘Globalization is generally said to promote cultural homogenization but due to 2018
this cultural specificity appear to be strengthened in the Indian Society. Elucidate.
5. To what extent globalization has influenced the core of cultural diversity in India? 2016
Explain.
6. Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India. (In 2015
2013, UPSC asked about Globalization effect on Elderly).
7. Critically examine the effects of globalization on the aged population in India. 2013

TOPIC: SALIENT FEATURES OF WORLD PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; IMPORTANT GEOPHYSICAL
PHENOMENA (EARTHQUAKES, TSUNAMI, VOLCANOES, CYCLONES); GEOGRAPHICAL
FEATURES AND LOCATION;

1. Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum- Pacific Zone. 2020
2. Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How 2018
does it help in navigation?
3. Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics. 2018
4. How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution 2017
of the Earth?
5. “The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.” Discuss the causes and suggest 2016
suitable measures of mitigation.
6. Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philippines 2014
archipelagos.
7. Why are the world’s fold mountain systems located along the margins of 2014
continents? Bring out the association between the global distribution of Fold
Mountains and the earthquakes and volcanoes.
8. What do you understand by the theory of continental drift? Discuss the 2013
prominent evidences in its support.
9. There is no formation of deltas by rivers of the Western Ghat. Why? 2013
10. Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 degree 2013
north and on the western side of the continents. Why?
11. Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the Himalayas than in 2013
Western Ghats.

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TOPIC: GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND THEIR LOCATION- CHANGES IN CRITICAL
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES (INCLUDING WATER BODIES AND ICE-CAPS) AND IN FLORA
AND FAUNA AND THE EFFECTS OF SUCH CHANGES.

1. Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate 2020
change.
2. How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far- reaching impact on the 2020
water resources of India?
3. The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional 2020
inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically
examine.
4. The process of desertification does not have climate boundaries. Justify with 2020
examples.
5. Assess the impact of global warming on coral life system with examples. 2019
6. How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and 2019
the coastal environment? Give suitable examples?
7. Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in 2019
maintaining coastal ecology.
8. How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of 2019
development initiatives and tourism?
9. What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India? 2019
10. What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystem? 2018
11. In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for 2017
development.” Discuss
12. Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulse because of which the year 2016 2017
was declared as the International Year of Pulses by the United Nations.
13. How does the cryosphere affect global climate? 2017
14. Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-dimensional effects. 2017
15. In what way can flood be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all- 2017
weather inland navigation in India?
16. What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding 2017
more than 50 percent of the won population residing in Monsoon Asia?
17. Discuss the concept of air mass and explain its role in macro-climatic changes. 2016
18. Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they 2015
influence regional climates, fishing and navigation?
19. How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing 2015
due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss.
20. Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf 2014
of Mexico. Why?
21. Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an outcome of the El- 2014
Nino effect. Do you agree?

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OnlyIAS GS1 PYQ: 2013-2020

22. Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan glaciers and the 2014
symptoms of climate change in the Indian sub-continent.
23. The recent cyclone on the east coast of India was called “Phailin”. How are the 2013
tropical cyclones named across the world?
24. Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the 2013
world.
25. What do you understand by the phenomenon of temperature inversion in 2013
meteorology? How does it affect the weather and the habitants of the place?

TOPIC: DISTRIBUTION OF KEY NATURAL RESOURCES ACROSS THE WORLD (INCLUDING
SOUTH ASIA AND THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT)

1. India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations 2020
in its developments. Elaborate.
2. Can the strategy of regional-resource based manufacturing help in promoting 2019
employment in India?
3. Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Arctic Region? 2018
4. The effective management of land and water resources will drastically reduce the 2016
human miseries. Explain
5. South China Sea has assumed great geopolitical significance in the present context. 2016
Comment.
6. Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic 2016
and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations.
7. Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water transport in India. 2016
8. In what way micro-watershed Development projects help in water conservation in 2016
drought prone and semi-arid regions of India.
9. What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in Arctic Sea and its 2015
possible environmental consequences?
10. India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically examine why it still 2015
suffers from water scarcity.
11. The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand reaching 2015
the limits of their ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate.
12. Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which can be harnessed to 2014
meet the resource crisis in the world.
13. How does India see its place in the economic space of rising natural resource rich 2014
Africa?
14. With growing scarcity of fossil fuels, the atomic energy is gaining more and more 2013
significance in India. Discuss the availability of raw material required for the
generation of atomic energy in India and in the world.
15. It is said the India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, which can feed the 2013
needs of country for quarter century. However, tapping of the resources doesn’t

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appear to be high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues
involved.

TOPIC: FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOCATION OF PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND
TERTIARY SECTOR INDUSTRIES IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD (INCLUDING INDIA)

1. Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source 2020
of raw material, by giving examples.
2. Discuss the factors for localization of agro-based food processing industries of 2019
North-West India.
3. Define blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture 2018
development in India.
4. What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identify industrial 2018
corridors, explain their main characteristics.
5. Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oil producing 2017
areas, particularly in many of the developing countries. Explain its implications.
6. Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and 2014
Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed
beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain.
7. Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron and Steel industry in the 2014
world.
8. Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually by-pass the eastern region despite 2014
fertile soil and good availability of water?
9. Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new sugar mills in the 2013
Southern states of India? Discuss with justification
10. Analyze the factors for highly decentralized cotton textile industry in India 2013

ALL THE BEST.

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