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IS 14959 (Part 1) :2001

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Indian Standard
DETERMINATION OF WATER SOLUBLE AND
ACID SOLUBLE CHLORIDES IN MORTAR AND
CONCRETE — METHOD OF TEST
PART 1 FRESH MORTAR AND CONCRETE

ICS 91.100.10; 91.100.30

@ BIS 2001

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

July 2001 Price Group 3

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Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2

FOREWORD
i
This Indian Standard (Part 1) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the ~
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Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. ;
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Chlorides in the concrete could be drawn from different sources like aggregates, mix water, admixtures and
cement and could lead to durability problems namely, corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete if present in ‘b
sufficient quantity. Chlorides could be present in different degrees of binding in the concrete matrix and could
be determined as water soluble and as acid soluble chlorides. In some cases of corrosion of carbonated concrete,
the combined chlorides (water soluble and acid soluble) will be let free in pore water and these chlorides are
harmful to concrete. To minimize the chances of deterioration of concrete due to harmful chlorides, the level of
these chlorides has been limited in various design codes. Therefore, this standard has been formulated to provide
necessary guidance for determination of water soluble and acid soluble chlorides in concrete. This Part 1 of the
standard covers volumetric method of test for determination of chlorides in fresh mortar and concrete, and
Part 2 of this standard covers the method of test for hardened mortar and concrete.

The composition of the committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.

Ln reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed
or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off
numerical values (revised)’.
 d
IS 14959 (Part 1) :2001

Indian Standard
DETERMINATION OF WATER SOLUBLE AND
ACID SOLUBLE CHLORIDES IN MORTAR AND
CONCRETE — METHOD OF TEST
PART 1 FRESH MORTAR AND CONCRETE

1 SCOPE the sample retained is not segregated. A flat surface

without retaining sides will not fulfill this purpose.
This standard (Part 1) covers volumetric method of
Where three sample increments are taken they shall
test for determination of water soluble and acid soluble
be taken at about the time when one quarter, one half
chlorides in fresh mortar and concrete.
and three quarters of the concrete have been discharged
NOTE — The source of samples for test in accordance with this from the mixer, and if more than three are taken they
standardmay be eithertie stationarysamplesobtainedtiom project shall be at correspondingly shorter, but of equal
sites or ready-mixed concrete plants.
intervals.
2 REFERENCES
4 METHOD OF TEST
The Indian Standards listed below contain provisions
4.1 Reagents
which through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, 4.1.1 QuaIi@ of Reagent
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
Unless otherwise specified, pure chemicals of
subject to revision and parties to agreements based on
analytical reagent grade and distilled water (see
this standard are encouraged to investigate the
IS 1070) shall be used in the test.
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
standards indicated below: 4.1.2 Nitric Acid (HN03) Concentrated (Specific
Gravity 1.42)
1S No. Title
1070:1992 Reagent grade water — Specifica- Prepare the solution, 6N (approximately), by diluting
tion (third revision) 38 ml of concentrated nitric acid to 100 ml with
3025 Methods of sampling and test distilled water.
(Part 32) :1988 (physical and chemical) for water
4.1.3 Ferric Alum [FeNHg (SO,)Z 12 H2 O]
and wastewater: Part 32 Chloride
first revision) Dissolve 10 g of ferric alum in 100 ml of distilled
water and add 1 ml of nitric acid.
3 SAMPLING
4.1.4 Potassium Chromate (K2 CrOJ, 5 Percent
A sample of fresh concrete or mortar shall be collected Solution
within a period of two hours from the time of addition
of water to the ingredients that is, cement, coarse and Dissolve 5 g of potassium chromate in 100 ml of
fine aggregates and admixtures, etc. However, every
effort shall be made to collect the samples immediately
after mixing. Samples shall be obtained by taking
uniformly distributed increments (preferably without
stopping the mixing operations, provided sampling
4.1.5
distilled water.

o
4.1.6
Nitrobenzene (
NO,

O )

Silver Nitrate (AgNO,) Solution, 0.02 N

can be safely carried out), and mixed thoroughly to Weigh 1.7 g, of silver nitrate, dissolve in distilled
form a combined buik sample. The number of water and dilute to 500 ml in a volumetric flask.
increments and size of bulk sample necessarily Standardize the silver nitrate solution against 0.02 N
depends on the quantity of the material, its variability sodium chloride solution using potassium chromate
and the accuracy required of the test results. solution as indicator (5 percent m/v) in accordance
At least three approximately equal sample increments with the procedure given in IS 3025 (Part 32).
totalling 0.02 m3 shall be taken in a clean and dry 4.1.7 Ammonium Thiocyanate (NHQ SCN) Solution,
receptacle across the stream of mortar or concrete. This
0.02N
receptacle shall be constructed of non-absorbent
material, preferably of metal and shall be such that Weigh 1.7 g of ammonium thiocyanate and dissolve

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1S 14959 (Part 1) :2001

in one litre of distilled water in a volumetric flask. down the volume (Y) of ammonium thiocyanate used. :+
.m
Shake well andstandardize by titrating with O.02N
4.3.2 Acid Soluble Chloride
silver nitrate solution using ferric alum solution as an “i
indicator. Adjust thenormality exactly to O.02N. 4.3.2.1 Weigh about 1 000* 5 g of the fresh mortar
or concrete sample in a 2 Iitre capacity beaker and
4.1.8 SodiwnC /r/cv-ide( NaCl),O.02N
add 50 ml of 6 N nitric acid and 450 ml of distilled
Weigh 1.1692 g of sodium chloride dried at water (chloride free) atler stirring for few minutes.
105 + 2“C, dissolve in distilled water and makeup to Stir the mixture vigorously for 15 minutes. After
1000 ml in a volumetric flask. allowing the mixture to stand for 10 to 15 minutes for
settling, decant about 200 ml of the supernatant
4.2 Use of Filter Paper solution into a clean dry 250 ml capacity beaker.
In the methods prescribed in this standard, relative Immediately, filter the solution through Whatman
numbers of Whatman filter paper only have been filter paper No. 1 and collect the filtrate.
prescribed since these are commonly used. However, 4.3.2.2 Pipette 50 ml of filtrate in a 250 ml capacity
any other suitable brand of filter papers with equivalent conical flask. Add 5 ml of 6 N nitric acid. Add a known
porosity may be used. volume (X), preferably 25 ml of standard silver nitrate
solution. Add 1 ml ferric alum and 5 ml of
4.3 Procedure
nitrobenzene. Shake vigorously to coagulate the
4.3.1 Water Soluble Chloride precipitate. Titrate the excess silver nitrate with 0.02 N
ammonium thiocyanate solution until a permanent
4.3.1.1 Weigh 1 000+ 5 g of fresh mortar or concrete
faint reddish brown colour appears. Note down the
sample in a 2 Iitre capacity beaker and add 500 ml of
volume (Y) of ammonium thiocyanate used.
distilled water (chloride free). Stir the mixture
vigorously for 15 minutes. After allowing the mixture 4.4 Calculation
to stand for 10 to 15 minutes for settling, decant about
Calculate the percentage of chloride (acid soluble/
200 ml of the supernatant solution into a clean dry
water soluble) by mass of mortar or concrete as follows:
250 ml capacity beaker. Immediately, filter the
solution through Whatman filter paper No. 1 and Chloride, percent = 0.00071 (A’- Y),
collect the filtrate.
where
4.3.1.2 Pipette 50 ml of filtrate in a 250 ml capacity
X = volume of silver nitrate added, in ml; and
conical flask. Add 5 ml of 6 N nitric acid. Add a
known volume (X), preferably 25 ml of 0.2 N silver Y = volume of 0.02 N ammonium thiocyanate
nitrate solution. Add 1 ml ferric alum and 5 ml of consumed.
nitrobenzene. Shake vigorously to coagulate the NOTE — Interferenceof silver chloride particles (which are gen-
erated in-situ) in titration by reacting with thiocyanate can be
precipitate. Titrate the excess silver nitrate with avoided by the addition ofnitrobenzene which forms a film on
0.02 N ammonium thiocyanate solution until a silver chloride particles.
permanent faint reddish brown CO1OWappears. Note

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 IS 14959 (Part 1) :2001

ANNEX A
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2

Chairman
DR H.C. VISVESVARAYA
PAOMASWO
‘Chandrika’,at 15”Cross 6344 East Park Road, Malleawaram, Bangalore 560003
Members Representing

DRs.c. AHLUWALL4 OCL India Ltd, New Delhi

DRS. S. Arneta Geological Surveyoflndia, Kolkata
SHRID. K. RM(Alrernare)
Smt V.B~zm DirectorateGeneral of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi
SHRIR. P. SINGH
(Alternate)
SHRIG. R. BHAIUTKAR B.G. Shkke ConstructionTechnology Ltd, Pune
WIG C. C. BHATCACHARYA Ministry of SurfaceTransport,Department of SurtkceTransport (Roads Wig),
SHruL K. P.mmEv(Akrnde) NW Delhi
MO A.K. CHADHA H]ndustanPrefab Ltd, New Delhi
SHRIJ. R. SJL(Alternate)
CHEFb.TINEER@ESIGN) Central Public WorksDepartment,New Delhi
SUPmr.-WmDrKG Erwmwat(S&S) (Alterrrare)
CHIEF EIiGm%FR(NAVW DAM) Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd, Gandhinagar
SUPERmTENDmG ENGINEER(QCC) (Altemafe)
Cm+ ErwmZER(RFsUwcH)—cur.4—DnuXmR Irrigationand Power Research Institute, Anuitsar
RESEARCH OmrcER(Corwrum TeChnOlOgy)(Alfema/e)
SrmrJ.P.DESN GujamtArnbujaCcments Ltd, Ahmedabad
SHIUB. K. JAGETIA(Akrnate)
DIRECTOR Stmctural Engineering ResearchCentrc (CSIR), Ghaziabad
DllcXToR A.P. EngirwenngReaearchLaboratories,Hyderabad
Jom~DtREGTOR (Alternate)
DIRECTOR Centrsl Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi
SHRIP. L. KASHVAP (Alternate)
DISELTOR (CMDD) (N&W) Central WaterCormniasion,New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRSCTOR(CMDD) (NW&S) (Alremafe)
SHRIK H. GANGWAL HyderabadIndrratrieaLtd,Hydembad
SHruV. PATrAarn(Alternate)
GEKERAL MANAGER Gamon Dunkedey and Co Ltd, Mumbai
.%h’10RMA~AGER(E~GmZE~G) (Alternate)
DR ASHOKKUMARGHOSH Indii Instituteoffeebnology, Kbaragpur
SHRIS. GOPmATH The IndiaCementaL@ Cbennai
SHRIR. AR~ACHALAM (A/femate)
SHIUC.JAYARAMAK GraaimIndustriesLtd, Mumbai
%ru A. K. JArN(Ahemafe)
Sun S. S. GOYALNA Cement Corporationof India Ltd, New Delhi
SHruV. K. GOEL(Akrnufe)
JomT DIRECTOR (STANOARDS)(B&S) (CB-1) Research,Designs&Standards Organization(Ministry of Railways), Lucknow
JOINTDIRELTOR(STANDARDS) (B&S) (CB-11)(Alternate)
SHIOD. K. KANUNGO National Test House, Kolkata
SHRIB. R. MEENA(Alternate)
MEMa13SEcWTArrY Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi
Drrt!zcToIr(CrvIL) (Altemafe)
SHIUP. R. C.NAIR The IndianHurnc Pipe Company Ltd, Mumbai
SW P. D. KELKAR (Ahemafe)
DR R NARAYANAN StNctuml EngineeringResearchCerme (CSIR), Chcnnsi
(A/femare)
SHRJS. GOPALKIUSHNAN
DR C. RNK w National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Ballabgarh
DRK. h40HAx(Alternafe)
SHIUS. A. REDD1 Gammon IndiaLtd, Mrrmbai
SHRIJ. SARUP Hospital ServicesConsrdtancyCorporation (India) Ltd, New Delhi
SHIUP. K. JAIPURLAR
(Alternate )
SECRErARY Builder’sAssociationof Indi~ Mumbai

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1S 14959 (Part 1) :2001

(Comimfedjiom page 3)

Representing

SHRIS. S. SHXRA Central Road ResearchInstitute (CSIR), New Delhi

SHRISATAXDH?KUMAR(Ahemate)
SHRJS. S. S13HRA IndianRoads Congress,New Delhi
SHIUA. K. SHARMA(Ahemafe)
BRIGK R. SWGH Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquarters,New Delhi
PRASAtI(Alfema/e)
Swo M.AHE~DRA
SUPEJUNTENTNMENGtNSSR(Dwms) Public WorkaDepartment,GovernmentofTamil Nadu, Chennai
(Ahemate)
ExEcu_nYEEXCTiXEER
SHRIC. R. V. SUBRAMAXIUM Lamar & Tubro Ltd, Mumbai
SFIRIS. Ct{o\tmHmY(A//enlu/e)
%0 V. SURESH Housing md Urban DevelopmentCorporationLtd NewDelhi
SHRIS. K. TAKEIA (Ahemaze )
SHFOT. N. TIWARI TheAssociatedCementCompaniesL@ Mumbai
DR D. GHOSH(Allemrrfe)
DR C. L. VERMA CentralBuiMingResearchlnatitute (CSIR), Roorkee
K. RAO(A/temale)
DR B.
SW VmrJUKUMAR Fly Ash Mission, Departmentof Scienceand Technology,New Delhi
DR H. C. VLSV~SVASAYA The Institutionof Engineers(India), Kolkata
(A[rernafe)
SHRtD. C. CHATURVED[
DR C. S. VISWAXATHA Indian ConcreteInstitute,Chennai
SHtUD. SRIiiNASAX(Alfema/e)
SHRtS. K. JAW. Dkector General, BIS (Ex-oflcio Member)
Director & Head (Civ Engg)
Menrber -Secretaty
SsrruS.ANJAYP.mr
Deputy Dircctor(Civ Engg). BIS

Concrete Subcommittee, CED 2:2

Convener
DR A. K. MULLKX SaurashtraCemenlkLtd, Ahmedabad

SHIOC. R. ALIMCHAKDAN STUP ConsultantsLtd, Mumbai

SHIOT. B. BAWERJSE Ministry of SurfaceTransport (Roads Wing), New Delhi
SHRIL K. PANDEY(Ahermte)
DR D. BH~TTACWWUEE IndianInstituteofTechnology, New Delhi
CHIEFENGIriE~R&.lomT.%CIWTARY Public Works Department,Governmentof Maharashtra. Mumbai
EtiGNFiR [Alternate)
SUPERINTENDING
DR P. C. CHOWDHURY Tor Steel ResearchFoundationin India, Kolkata
DR C. S. Vlsw.4r+lmA (Alternate)
SHRIKm Cow lndian Ready-MixedConcreteAssociation,Bangalo~
SHKIM. SAXJAY
BAHADuR(/t{femate)
SHRT
J. P. DEW Gujarat AmbujaCements Ltd, Abmedabad
SHRfB. K. JAGETIA(A/temate)
DIILW-TOR Central soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi
(Akemafe)
SHRIN. CHAiim.ASHCARAX
DrRECTOR A.P. EngineeringResearchLaboratories,Hyderabad
JOMT DIRECTOR(Ahemate)
DIRECTOR
(C&MDD) Centtal WaterComrnission.New Delhi
DEPUTYDMHXJR (C&MDD) (Alfemafe)
GENJLALMANAGER Gannon Dunkerley and Co Ltd, Mumbai
(Alfemale)
SENORMAriAGES(ENGttiEEJUNG)
DR ASHOK
KUMAR
GHC6H IndianInstituteof’fechrtology,Kharagpur
SHRIJ. S. HINGOIGW AsacciatedConsultingServices,Mumbai
PROFASHOKKUMARJAM’ Universityof Roorkee,Roorkee
SHRIL. K. JAW 1sspersonal capacity (36 Old Sneh Nagar, Wardha Road, Nagpur)
SHIUM. P. JAISfNGH Central Building ResearchInstitute (CSIR), Roorkee
DR B. K. RAO (A/femate)

(Continued onpage 5)
 IS 14959 (Part 1) :2001

(Colltiftltedjiom page 4)

Members Representing

(B8LS)ICB-I
JOINTDIRECWRSTAKDAROS Reaeamh,Designs and StandardsOrganization(Ministry of Railways), Lucknow
(B&S)/CB-11 (Alternate)
JOINTDIIWTOR STATWMRDS
DKS. C. MArIT National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Ballabgarb
DR SUDHIRMISHRA IndianIrsstitureOf-fecbnology,Kanpur
SHRIR NARAY.AAAN StructuralEngineeringResearchCentre (CSIR), Chennai
SHIUK. MAM(Alternate)
SHRIA. B. PHADKE The HinduatanConstructionCo Ltd, Mumbai
SHRID. M. SAVUR(Alternate)
SHRIR/w KUMAR StructuralEngineeringResearchCentre (CSIR), Ghaziabad
SHRIRAYEEVGOEL(Alternate)
SHRIv. v. GO~DA RAO National Buildlng and ConstructionCorporation Ltd, New Delhi
SHIUR P. GOEL(Ahernate)
SW S. A. REDDI GammonIndia Ltd, Murnbai
DR N. K. NAYAK (Alfemute)
SHIUSUDDHODAX
ROY HlndustanPrefab Limited, New Delhi
SHRIM. Krmm.I (Ahernale)
SHRIS. C. SAWHNEY EngineersIndia Ltd, New Delhi
SHRIR. P. MSHROTRA
(Akemufe)
L%UU
S. S. %EHRA Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi
KUMAR(Alternate)
SHRISATAKOER
PROFM. S. SHE’ITY IndianConcreteInstitute, Chennai
SHIUS. N. SKGH Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi
MOHATi(Alfemufe)
SHIUSURINDER
SHR[P. SRINIVASAN The *iatcd CementCompanies Ltd, Mumbai
(Ahemafe)
SHSOP. BAKOOPADHVAY
SUPIZWNTESDING
~cm= (DS.SIGIW) Central Public WorkaDepatient, New Delhi
EX~CVTIVEEKGIIW.SR
(DEsIG~s-111)
(Akmnate)
SHIUB.T. URWALLA In personal capacity (15/9 Rustam Baug, Victoria Road, Mumbai)
SHRIU. S. P. VERMA NuclearPowerCorporation of India Ltd, New Delhi
SHRIVIMALKUMAR Fly AahMksion, Departmentof Scienceand Technology,New Delhi

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Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standurds Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
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Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also i
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no changes are needed, if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users
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referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

}
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CED 2 (5722).

Amendments Issued Shine Publication !

,
Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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