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Earth Science – Grade 11

Learner Activity Sheets
Quarter 1 - Week 3B
Title: Fossil Fuels
First Edition, 2021
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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writer/s: Christell Joy E. Raza

Division Validators:
Relyn D. Raza
Marietta C. Asignar
Tamarah harel M. Consigna

Regional Validators: Relyn D. Raza

Noraine Princess Tabangcora

Management Team: Evelyn R. Fetalvero

Lorenzo O. Macasocol
Isidro M. Biol, Jr.
Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña
Maripaz F. Magno
Nelia S. Lomocso
Relyn Raza

Author: Christell Joy E. Raza

School/Station: Dapa National High School
Division: Siargao
email address: [email protected]
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Earth Science, Grade 11 Quarter 1, Week 3B

Fossil Fuels

Learning Competency:
Describe how fossil fuels are formed. (S11ES-Id-10)

Specific Objectives:
1. Trace how fossil fuels are formed.
2. Compare and contrast coal and oil.
3. Cite uses of fossil fuels and their environmental concerns.
Time Allotment: 2 hours

Key Concepts:

Fossil fuel refers to all deposits of organic materials capable of being burnt as fuels.
Fossil fuel comes in the form of:1. Coal 2. Oil/ Crude oil 3. Natural Gas

1. Coal- is a type of fossil fuel that is non-renewable source of energy. It is a solid rock form
of fossil fuel that originated from the dead plant and animal matter that piled up in
layers for over million years ago. Its material is highly composed of carbon content.

Ranks of Coal

a. The lowest rank of coal is lignite. It is brown in color and has an earthy, crumbly texture.
It is a low-grade fuel with a high moisture content that is used in industrial boilers.
b. Sub-bituminous coal is in between lignite and bituminous. It is burned in industrial
boilers.
c. Bituminous coal is a medium rank coal. Its physical characteristics are generally black,
shiny, and hard. It is used to make coke, used in metallurgy.
d. Anthracite is the highest coal rank. It is shiny and has a conchoidal fracture. It is an
excellent fuel that is still used to heat homes.

• Carbon dioxide emissions from burning coal account for 44 percent of the world total,
and it's the biggest single source of the global temperature increase above pre-industrial
levels.

2. Oil / Crude oil or also known as Petroleum is another type of fossil fuel that is non-
renewable. It is a liquid type of fossil fuel composed mostly of hydrocarbons. Like coal,
petroleum originates from the remains of living organisms. Petroleum comes from ancient
marine organisms like marine plants, algae and bacteria. This can be extracted by drilling on
land or at sea. It can also be extracted through strip mining in the case of tar sands oil and
oil shale. Once extracted, this oil will be transported to refineries to transform oil into usable
fuels like propane, kerosene, gasoline and other fuel products.
Petroleum use accounts for nearly half the carbon emissions in the U.S. and about
a third of the global total. In addition to the air pollution released when oil is burned, drilling
and transport have led to several major accidents.

3.Natural gas is a type of fossil fuel that is odorless, colorless hydrocarbon gas. It made up
of hydrocarbon that is mostly methane (CH 4). Natural gas, like other types of fossil fuels,

Author: Christell Joy E. Raza

School/Station: Dapa National High School
Division: Siargao
email address: [email protected]
 originated from the remains of plants, animals, microorganisms that once lived millions of years
ago. If a natural gas is found in porous and permeable rock beds or mixed into oil reservoirs
which can be extracted through drilling, this is called conventional natural gas. On the other
hand, unconventional natural gas are those that are too difficult or expensive to extract and
require a special stimulation technique like fracking.

By combining fracking—or hydraulic fracturing—with horizontal drilling and other

innovations, the fossil-fuel industry has managed to extract resources that were previously too
costly to reach; 1. With natural gas we can generate electricity – with steam turbines and gas
turbines. 2. Heat from natural gas is delivered from forced-air systems at temperatures between
50-60 degrees Celsius. The air from an electric heat pump is typically delivered at 30-35 degrees
Celsius, which is warm enough to heat a room – but much cooler than the average human
temperature of 36-37 degrees Celsius.

Natural gas is cleaner than coal and oil in terms of emissions, but nonetheless accounts
for a fifth of the world's total, not counting the so-called fugitive emissions that escape from the
industry, which can be significant. Not all of the world’s natural gas sources are being actively
mined. Undersea methane hydrates, for example, where gas is trapped in frozen water,
are being eyed as a potential gas resource.

Fossil Fuel Consumption

As of 2013, the Philippines’ fossil fuel consumption is 61.25% of the total country energy
consumption. Many power plants depend on coal and diesel as fuel for their equipment.

Advantages of using Fossil Fuels

• Many industries depend on the use of fossil fuels to power their machines and other
equipment.
• Fossil fuels are very efficient. It can produce huge amounts of energy especially coal and
oil.

Disadvantages of using Fossil Fuels

• Burning of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide and other harmful gases which degrade
the environment.
• Fossil fuels cannot be renewed in short periods of time.

Activity No. 1 Picture Fuel-fect!

What to know: Trace how fossil fuels are formed.
What to do: Every picture has a story to tell. Arrange the pictures in chronological order by
writing numbers 1, 2 and 3 to perfectly describe and tell a short story of the formation of fossil
fuel.

Author: Christell Joy E. Raza

School/Station: Dapa National High School
Division: Siargao
email address: [email protected]
 Picture Perfect No. 1 - COAL FORMATION

Figure 3. Coal Formation

Picture Perfect No. 2 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION

Figure 4. Petroleum and Natural Gas Formation

Activity No. 2: Let’s Dig Deeper!

What to know:
1.Compare and contrast coal and oil.
2. Cite uses of fossil fuels and their environmental concerns.
What to do: Let’s gain more knowledge. You may do some research on the web to complete the
table. First, you need to identify if the type of fossil fuel given is renewable energy resource or not.
Then enumerate at least two uses of each type of fossil fuel. Lastly, infer environmental concerns
related to each type of fossil fuel.

Table 1. Energy Type, Uses and Environmental Concerns

Author: Christell Joy E. Raza

School/Station: Dapa National High School
Division: Siargao
email address: [email protected]
 Type of Renewable Uses Environmental Concerns
Fossil or Not?
Fuel

1. 1.
2
Coal

Oil

Natural
Gas

For more information on fossil fuels, visit the following link

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQncFcuYWos
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YHsxXEVB1M
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PDOD_FEnNk

Reflection:
Fossil fuels emit harmful air pollutants long before they’re burned. Indeed, some 12.6
million Americans are exposed daily to toxic air pollution from active oil and gas wells and from
transport and processing facilities. Do you think it’s a good idea for countries to stop using fossil
fuels in order to prevent climate change? Explain your answer.

Scoring Rubric for The Reflection

3 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
concepts, and has no misconception.
2 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the
concepts, but with several misconception.
1 Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts, but with
many misconceptions.
0 No discussion.

Author: Christell Joy E. Raza

School/Station: Dapa National High School
Division: Siargao
email address: [email protected]
 email address: [email protected]
Division: Siargao
School/Station: Dapa National High School
Author: Christell Joy E. Raza
Activity 1
Picture 1:
1. Giant plants died in swamps million years, ago before the dinosaurs.
2. Remains of plants were buried underwater and dirt over millions of years.
3. Due to high heat and pressure underneath the ground, the remains of the plants
turned into coal.
4.
Picture 2:
1. Marine plants and animals lived million years ago, died and buried on the ocean floor.
There remains were covered by layers of sand and silt over time.
2. Layers of silt, sand and rocks and drilled today to reach the layer where oil and gas
deposits contains.
3. As the remains of the dead organisms buried deeper and deeper over millions of years,
it experienced the extreme heat and pressure underneath that turned them into oil
and gas.
Answer’s Key:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/fossil-fuels
https://group.met.com/energy-insight/uses-of-natural-gas/5
Mining-Ores-HS-ES/
https://www.ck12.org/earth-science/finding-and-mining-ores/lesson/Finding-and-
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/5468b5c12294ee0802000030/dashboard
Division of Cagayan de Oro City.
Minerals and Its Importance to Society First Edition, 2020. Department of Education –
Rodriguez, Nympha P. Earth Science- Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode, Quarter 1- Module 3:
References for learners:
 email address: [email protected]
Division: Siargao
School/Station: Dapa National High School
Author: Christell Joy E. Raza
Reflection:
Answers may vary
Activity 2
Type of Uses Renewable Environmental Concerns
Fossil or Not?
Fuel
1. It is an
excellent Carbon dioxide emissions
Coal fuel that is Not from burning coal account
still used to for 44 percent of the world
heat homes. total, and it's the biggest
2. It is burned single source of the global
in industrial temperature increase
boilers
1. Use as Petroleum use accounts
kerosene for nearly half the carbon
Oil 2. Use as Not emissions
gasoline
1. Electricity Emitted carbon emission
2. Heating coming from industries.
Natural Not
Gas
Author: Christell Joy E. Raza
School/Station: Dapa National High School
Division: Siargao
email address: [email protected]