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Introduction To Fiberoptic Communications: Dr. Ir. Erna Sri Sugesti, M.SC

This document introduces fiber optic communications and discusses 10 problems related to optical fiber transmission mechanisms and properties. The problems cover topics like numerical aperture, acceptance angle, refractive index profiles of step index and graded index fibers, and calculating values like critical angle and acceptance angle based on given fiber properties. Ray theory concepts are used to analyze light propagation in optical fibers and determine specifications important for fiber optic communication systems.

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Aya Moustafa
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69 views

Introduction To Fiberoptic Communications: Dr. Ir. Erna Sri Sugesti, M.SC

This document introduces fiber optic communications and discusses 10 problems related to optical fiber transmission mechanisms and properties. The problems cover topics like numerical aperture, acceptance angle, refractive index profiles of step index and graded index fibers, and calculating values like critical angle and acceptance angle based on given fiber properties. Ray theory concepts are used to analyze light propagation in optical fibers and determine specifications important for fiber optic communication systems.

Uploaded by

Aya Moustafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Fiberoptic

Communications
Lecture 1

Dr. Ir. Erna Sri Sugesti, M.Sc


92660024
TELKOM UNIVERSITY
Problems
1. Using simple ray theory, describe the mechanism for the transmission
of light within an optical fiber. Briefly discuss with the aid of a suitable
diagram acceptance angle for an optical fiber. Show how this is related
to the fiber numerical aperture and refractive indices for the fiber core
and cladding.
An optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.20 and a cladding
refractive index of 1.59. Determine :
a. The acceptance angle for the fiber in water which has a refractive index
of 1.33;
b. The critical angle at the core-cladding interface

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Problems
2. Define the relative refractive index difference for an optical fiber show
how it may be related to the numerical aperture.
A step index fiber with large core diameter compared with the
wavelength of the transmitted light has an acceptance angle in air 22°
and relative refractive index difference of 3%. Estimate the numerical
aperture and the critical angle at the core-cladding interface for the
fiber.

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Problems
3. Explain what is meant by a graded index optical fiber, giving an
expression for the possible refractive index profile. Using simple ray
theory concept, discuss transmission of light trough the fiber. Indicate
the major advantage of this type of fiber with regard to multimode
propagation.

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Problems
4. The relative refractive index difference between the core axis and the
cladding of a graded index fiber is 0.7% when refractive index at the
core axis is 1.45. estimate values for the numerical aperture of the
fiber when :
a. The index profile is not taken into account ; and
b. The index profile is assumed to be triangular

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Problems
5. The velocity of light in the core a step index fiber is 2.10X , and
the critical angle at the core-cladding interface is 80°. Determine the
numerical aperture and the acceptance angle for the fiber in air,
assuming it has a core diameter suitable for consideration by ray
analysis. The velocity of light in vacuum is 2.998 X

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Problems
6. Skew rays are accepted into a large core diameter (compared to the
wavelength of the transmitted light) step index fiber in air a maximum
axial angle of 42°. Within the fiber they change direction by 90° at each
reflection. Determine the acceptance angle for meridional rays for the
fiber in air.

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Problems
7. Briefly indicate with the aid of suitable diagrams the difference
between meridional and skew ray path in step index fibers.
Derive an expression 2γ at each reflection in a step index fiber in terms
of the fiber NA and γ, it may be assumed that ray theory holds for the
fiber.
A step index fiber with a suitably large core diameter for ray theory
considerations has core and cladding refractive indices of 1.44 and 1.42
respectively. Calculate the acceptance angle in air for skew rays which
change direction by 150° at each reflection.

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Problems
8. An optical fiber in air has an NA of 0.4. compare the acceptance angle
for meridional rays with that for skew rays which change direction by
100° at each reflection. Therefore γ = 50°.

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Problems
9. A silica optical fiber with a core diameter large enough to be
considered by ray theory analysis has a core refractive index of 1.50
and cladding refractive index of 1.47.
Determine,
a. The critical angle at the core-cladding interface;
b. The NA for the fiber;
c. The acceptance angle in air for the fiber

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Problems
10. A typical relative refractive index difference for an optical fiber
designed for long distance transmission is 1%. Estimate the NA and the
solid acceptance angle in air for the fiber when the core index is 1.46.
further, calculate angle at the core-cladding interface within the fiber. It
may be assumed that the concept of geometric optics hold the fiber.

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Clue
 Numerical aperture:  Then acceptance conditions for skew rays are :

 And in the case fiber in air (n0 = 1)

for Δ < 1

 For small angles the solid acceptance angle


in air

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GOOD LUCK…

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