Oberoi International School

Teacher’s Name: ​Shobi Nandkeolyar

Gr 9 Biology

Student’s Name: ​Anaya Mohanty

Date: ​20/19/19

Summative: Effect of posture & activity on

pulse rate.
Our Unit - Circulatory System & Immune System

Key concept: Related concept: Global Context:

Systems Function, Interaction Globalization and Sustainability

SOI- ​Evidence of relationships between the different patterns in a system leads us to

explore the scientific and technical aspects.

Task: ​This investigation is in two parts:

Part One: Criteria B - Inquiring and designing
Make a careful written plan for an investigation

You will need to submit this to your teacher before the end of the 1st working block
before part two.
Part Two: Criteria C - Processing and Evaluating
In the second part you are going to collect the data, analyse it and use the data to support a
conclusion.

Part One:​Students set up an experiment to investigate the effect of exercise on pulse rate.

1. Effect of posture ( Mandatory for all)

1. Lie down quietly for 2 mins then measure your pulse rate over 30 seconds
 1. Stand up for 2 mins then measure your pulse rate over 30 seconds.

1. Calculate the increase in your pulse rate on standing.

II. Effect of the Activity you choose:

1. Engage in any activity once in every 3 seconds. Do this 5 times thus taking 15
seconds in all.
2. Immediately after 15 seconds exercise,measure your pulse rate at 10 seconds
interval until it returns to normal standing rate. Record how long does this take in
seconds.
3. Calculate the increase in the pulse rate immediately after the 15 seconds activity
compared with your standing rate.

To do that you are going to need to decide what your question is and what is your IV and
DV.
You will work with a partner to choose an investigation question and decide your IV, DV and
CVs. You should complete the research online and use it to complete the first 3 sections of
the lab (Problem, Background, and Hypothesis).

Discuss what measurements you are going to need to collect, how you will take the
measurements accurately and how many to take. You should make some trial runs when
you are planning your investigation.

Write the detailed scientific Procedure.

NOTE: YOU WILL NEED TO INCLUDE SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS , CLEAR/DETAILED STEPS,
AND CV’S IN YOUR PROCEDURES EXPERIMENTS: (Fill in the Procedure section of the lab)

Criterion B.i Explain the problem

outline an What is my experiment about? What question am I answering, or what problem am I
appropriate trying to solve?
problem or How is ______________ dependent on ________________?
research
question to How is the heart rate dependant on the intensity of the bodies activity?
be tested by
a scientific
investigation

Criterion B.i Background information

outline an What do I already know about my question?
appropriate The heart is an organ that is responsible for pumping blood to the entire body. It
problem or does so through the circulatory system. This blood supplies oxygen and
research nutrients to the tissues then carries away the waste and carbon dioxide. The
question to
oxygen is needed to produce energy.
be tested by
a scientific
investigation Heart rate is the number of times your heart beats in a minute. If the number is
higher that means the heart is pumping blood faster whereas if it is lower the
heart is pumping blood slower. A resting heart rate is typically lower than a
standing heart rate or a post exercise heart rate.

When a person starts to exercise or partake in physical activity their body

requires more energy. This energy comes from oxygen and nutrients in blood. It
gets used up very quickly hence the heart needs to start pumping blood faster.
A person is capable of reaching their maximum heart rate, which is the fastest
their heart can pump blood during an extremely heavy workout.

When a person stands up after lying down their heart rate can change
substantially. Standing up requires blood to reach the lower parts of the body to
get the person's legs to work. The blood needs to deliver oxygen to the legs and
carry the waste back to the heart faster. Therefore the heart needs to work
harder and pump the blood faster, increasing the heart rate of the person.

Criterion B.ii Hypothesis

outline a If _________, then _________, because _________.
testable
prediction If the bodies activity increases, then the heart rate will increase, because the
using body requires more energy when the activity increases so the heart has to
scientific pump the blood faster to deliver the oxygen and nutrients.
reasoning

Works Cited​ ​(MLA format - internet, books, publications, images) URL

Criterion B.iii Variables (Explanation) Tools to measure

Explain how
IV Body Activity
to DV Heart Rate
manipulate
the CV’s Time Intervals
variables, - This CV refers to the time
and explain intervals between multiple
how data trials of the same experiment.
will be It is important because it
collected allows the person to rest. In
order to receive accurate data
it is important that multiple
trials of the same activity are
conducted. If they are done
too soon after one another it
could tire the person. This
would result in inaccurate
data in the second and third
trial. Hence to prevent that I
have kept a 2 minute interval
after the post exercise heart
rate, before starting trial two
and measuring the lying down
heart rate.

Test Subject (Person)

- It is important the the person
participating in the experiment
is the same throughout the
experiment. Different people
have different levels of fitness
and health hence their heart
rate can vary. If the person is
the same throughout accurate
conclusions can be pulled
from the changes in heart
rate. Whereas if the person is
changed, the changes in heart
rate may not be from the
posture or movement but from
the person being different.

Method of Calculating Heart Rate

- In this experiment the method
being used to calculate the
heart rate is by hand. There is
no use of machines or heart
rate monitors. To get the BPM
I will count the number of
beats in 30 seconds and
 multiply by 2, to get the most
accurate data possible. I will
count the beats by pressing
two fingers to my neck or my
wrist. It is important that I
don’t switch methods in the
middle or the person counting
the heart rate because the
counting can vary. Keeping
the same person and method
insures an accurate difference
in data if there is one later on.

Type of Exercise
- In this experiment one of the
data points being collected is
the post exercise heart rate.
Heart rate can vary based on
the intensity of the exercise so
the exercise should be kept
the same throughout all the
trials. This should give similar
numbers and a more reliable
average of the post exercise
heart rate.

UV’s Physical Condition (Test Subject)

- The physical condition or
health of the person
participating in the experiment
cannot be controlled.
However it is an important
factor in heart rate. If the
person is unhealthy their
recovery can take more time
and if the person if very
healthy their heart rate can be
similar for standing and post
exercise. The health of a
person can determine how
their heart rate changes.
Therefore this is a UV we
should consider when
analyzing the data.

Human Error
- The method being used to
 calculate heart rate is by
taking 2 fingers to the neck
and counting the beats. The
data collected this way isn’t
very reliable because the
person can mess up while
counting their heart rate.
However we did not have
access to heart rate monitors
hence we used this method.
Since we need to count for 30
seconds and multiply it by 2
there could be a mess up
while timing or multiplying as
well. Since we cannot control
it, we need to be careful about
these things during the
experiment.

Environment
- The environment can also
play a role in this experiment.
It it is done in a closed off
room the person might sweat
more and start to get tired
faster affecting their heart
rate. If it is done outdoors the
weather could also affect their
performance.

Raw Data Table - Heart Rate (​ BPM)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Lying Down 68 62 64

Standing 82 74 78

Post 100 92 90
Exercise

10 sec 90 84 90

30 sec 84 84 84

50 sec 78 78 84
70 sec 78 72 78

90 sec 72 72 78

Criterion B.iv Materials

design What will I use to conduct the experiment?
scientific
investigation - The Test Subject (person to participate in the experiment)
s - Timer (person to time the subject)
- Stopwatch (to time subject lying down, standing up, exercising and
counting heart beats in a minute)
- Calculator (to multiply beats counted in 30 or 10 seconds to get BPM)
- Writing Material (to take down raw data)

Criterion B.iv Procedure

design What s​ afety​ considerations are there?
scientific What steps were taken?
investigation Each piece of equipment from list above and each “level value” should be stated.
s How was each of the CV’s controlled? (don’t use “I”, “my” or “you”)

1. Create a raw data table to collect the data during the experiment
2. Lie down for 2 minutes then measure heart rate for 30 seconds
3. Stand up for 2 minutes then measure heart rate for 30 seconds
4. Do 2 star jumps every 3 seconds for 15 seconds (10 star jumps in 15
seconds) then measure heart rate for 30 seconds
5. Measure heart rate for 10 seconds every 10 seconds until it reaches
resting heart rate again.
6. Record all the data and wait for 2 minutes
7. Repeat step 2 to step 6 another two times (that way you have data for 3
trials)
8. Calculate BPM from the raw data by multiplying beats counted from step
2 to step 4 by 2 (it would be the beats for 30 seconds multiplied by 2 to
get 1 minute) and multiplying beats counted in step 5 by 6 (it would be
the beats for 10 seconds multiplied by 6 to get 1 minute)
9. Take the average of the data from all the trials

Part 2
Now that you have a complete experimental plan, you can perform your investigation. You
will work with your partner only to collect data, after which you should make sure that you
make all your own data tables and graphs.
Results: Record all relevant observations and data that were collected during the
experiment​.)

Interpret Data : ​Look for a pattern (include data).To convert your pulse rate findings into a
fitness score use the table parts A, B,C, D and E to determine a single value from each table.
Add these five values and determine your fitness using the table.

Conclusion: Evaluating your hypothesis

- Write a short summary of the results.
- Discuss whether you are certain/sure of your results and why
- Explain how the information you have gathered might be useful for analysing
the health of a person.

Criterion C.i Data Table and Graph

present What measurable data did I collect?
collected and
transformed Insert data tables & graphs as needed--if hard-copy, insert into lab on top of this
data page​--remember titles, column headers/axis labels, and units.

Link to Document with Final Data Tables and Graphs

Criterion C.ii Patterns
interpret What patterns did I notice in my data? Use words like “increase” and “decrease”.
data and Was there a positive relation, a negative relation, or no relation?
explain Be sure to include enough numbers to prove the fitness level of a person. If the score is
results using low how will you interpret the results taking into consideration the age group of the
scientific individual.
reasoning

The following patterns are being observed from the average results of the data of all
three trials.

The average pulse rate after lying down was 65 BPM. It increased by 20.62% after
standing up. The average pulse rate after standing up was 78 BPM. It again increased
by 20.51% after exercising. The average pulse rate after exercising was 94 BPM. The
average pulse rate increased by 45.36% from after lying down to after exercising.

There was a positive relation between the pulse rate after lying down to the pulse rate
after standing up then to the pulse rate after exercising. There was a negative relation
from after exercising to when the pulse rate returned to resting. The lowest pulse rate
was after lying down and highest pulse rate was after exercising.

Criterion C.iii Evaluating the hypothesis

Evaluate the Do my data results support my hypothesis? Why or why not?
validity of a Be sure to include enough numbers to prove a trend as evidence..
hypothesis Include your research as evidence.
based on the
outcome of
the scientific My hypothesis was:
investigation If the bodies activity increases, then the heart rate will increase, because the
body requires more energy when the activity increases so the heart has to
pump the blood faster to deliver the oxygen and nutrients.

The hypothesis states that the pulse rate increases along with the bodies
activity levels. The data collected in this experiment supports this hypothesis. It
is observed from the data collected that the heart rate increases by 20.62%
from lying down to standing and 20.51% from standing to exercising. Overall
there is a 45.36% increase from the heart rate after lying down after exercising.
The bodies activity levels go from lying down needing the least effort, to
standing up, exercising needing the most effort. The data shows that the pulse
rate does increase from when the person is lying down to standing up to
exercising. Hence my hypothesis is proven.

Criterion C.iv Evaluating the method -

Evaluate the What were the strengths and weaknesses of the experiment--in terms of CV’s being
validity of successfully controlled or not? Was the data reliable? Were CV’s included in the
the method Method? What UV’s were there?

The CVs were all successfully controlled. During the experiment we did not
stop the timer completely and waited for 2 minutes between each posture,
movement or exercise to ensure there were enough time intervals. For example
after doing star jumps and taking my pulse rate I waited for 2 minutes even
after it had returned to normal, then started the next trial. This seemed to have
worked because my pulse rate for all aspects ended up being similar in all the
trials. It allowed some time to rest so that I was not tired by the third trial and
my pulse rate was consistent. While conducting the experiment I was the test
subject and I took my pulse rate throughout it. There was no switch in test
subject and I was the one counting my BPM all the time. Hence the data is
accurate and conclusions can be drawn if the pulse rate went up or down. If the
test subject changed then that could have been the reason for the pulse rate to
change but if the test subject is the same then the pulse rate changed because
of the effect on the body. Throughout the experiment I counted my pulse rate
by putting my fingers below my wrist. This method allowed to feel the beats
most prominently hence I stuck to it. The BPM was all counted the same way
so the overall data and differences should be reliable. Lastly I stuck to start
jumps whenever I had to exercise and did 10 star jumps in 15 seconds each
time. If I had changed the exercise my pulse rate could have remained lower or
increased even higher but keeping the same exercise ensured a consistent
post exercise pulse rate.

Most of the UVs identified were there. My physical condition is pretty average
however I do get tired quickly. After the second trial I noticed that I was slightly
tired even after the time interval so I took one more minute before starting the
next round. This brought my pulse rate back to resting so when we collected
the next set of data which was lying down it was similar to the previous ones.
There was human error present during the experiment. I noticed that I
miscounted the beats a couple of times however I couldn’t recount because by
then my pulse rate would return to normal. But we performed three trials and
took the average in the end so that would help make the data more accurate.
Lastly the environment was not a big UV because I performed the exercises
and took my pulse rate in a large quiet room. It did not get stuffy and was fairly
cool so I did not sweat and get too tired. The quiet also made it easier to count
the pulse rate without making too many errors.