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Safe Working Environment

This document discusses occupational hygiene and safe working environments. It defines occupational hygiene as anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling health hazards in the workplace. Components of occupational health include occupational safety, hygiene, and medicine. Workplace hazards can be chemical, physical, biological, or psychosocial. Preventing occupational disease requires primary prevention through exposure reduction, secondary prevention through health monitoring, and tertiary prevention through rehabilitation. Control measures range from hazard elimination to personal protective equipment.

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Dawud Asnakew
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72 views

Safe Working Environment

This document discusses occupational hygiene and safe working environments. It defines occupational hygiene as anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling health hazards in the workplace. Components of occupational health include occupational safety, hygiene, and medicine. Workplace hazards can be chemical, physical, biological, or psychosocial. Preventing occupational disease requires primary prevention through exposure reduction, secondary prevention through health monitoring, and tertiary prevention through rehabilitation. Control measures range from hazard elimination to personal protective equipment.

Uploaded by

Dawud Asnakew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical

COLLEGE

VII. Safe Working Environment

Nebiyou Tafesse(PhD Candidate)

1/3/2022 1
Outline of the presentation

• Definition of terms

• Components of occupational health

• Components of safe working environment

• The range of health hazards encountered in the


workplace

• Occupational hygiene management

1/3/2022 2
Definitions:What is Occupational Hygiene?

• Occupational Hygiene
–'The discipline of anticipating, recognizing,
evaluating and controlling health hazards in the
working environment with the objective of
protecting worker health and well-being and
safeguarding the community at large.' according
International Occupational Hygiene Association
(IOHA).

1/3/2022 3
Definition: What is Occupational Hygiene?

• Occupational Hygiene, also called Industrial


Hygiene, is both a profession and a science.
• It is defined as a science and an art devoted to the
ANTICIPATION, RECOGNITION, EVALUATION, and CONTROL
of those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from
the work place which may cause SICKNESS, IMPAIRED
HEALTH, and WELL-BEING or significant Discomfort and
Inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the
community.
1/3/2022 4
Definition: What is Occupational Hygiene?

Safe working environment is similar with occupational hygiene.

Work Activity

Occupational
Exposure
Hygiene
Occupational
Health
Occupational
Disease
Medicine

1/3/2022 5
Definition: What is Occupational Hygiene?
 Anticipation
 this involves identifying potential hazards in
the workplace before they are introduced.
 How?
 Recognition
 this involves identifying the potential hazard
that a chemical, physical or biological agent
or an adverse ergonomic situation poses to
health effect.
1/3/2022 6
Definition: What is Occupational Hygiene?

 EVALUATION
• the extent of exposure to the chemical hazards, physical
or biological agents (or adverse ergonomic situation) in the
workplace should be evaluated .
• This often involves measurement of the personal
exposure of a worker to the hazard/agent in the
workplace.
• assessment of the data in terms of recommended
occupational exposure limits (OELs), where such criteria
exist.
1/3/2022 7
Control Hygiene?
Definition: What is Occupational

 Control

• CONTROL of the chemical, physical or biological


agent or adverse ergonomic situation, by
procedural, engineering or other means where
the evaluation indicates that this is necessary.

1/3/2022 8
Hazard and Risk
• A hazard
• is something that can cause harm if not
controlled.
• The outcome is the harm that results from
an uncontrolled hazard.
• A risk
– is a combination of the probability that a
particular outcome will occur and the severity
of the harm involved.

1/3/2022 9
Hazards: Environmental factors or stresses
Gases, vapours,
Chemical agents fibres, liquids,
dusts, mists, fumes, etc.
Noise and vibration
Heat and cold
Physical agents
Electromagnetic fields,
lighting etc.

Biological agents Bacteria, fungi, etc.


Stress, workload and
Psychosocial factors
1/3/2022 work organisation 10
Occupational Health Components
Occupational/Industrial Hygiene
• Occupation Safety
– Accident • Concern with environmental agents
prevention and ergonomics hazard to prevention
– Injury
of occupational disease
prevention
• Wide range of technical and
 Occupational management to prevent the exposure
Medicine
• skills needs
◦ Diagnostics,
◦ medical surveillance • Science and health
◦ Treatment • Engineering and technology
◦ Rehabilitation
• Management and
1/3/2022 11
communication
Public health importance of safe working
environment
• The World Health Organisation/ ILO estimates that
globally there are:
– 2.3 million work-related deaths per year.
– Economic loss of 4% global GDP
– 386,000 deaths each year from exposure to airborne
particulates.
– 152,000 deaths per year from carcinogens in the
workplace.
– 37% of Lower Back Pain is attributed to occupation.
1/3/2022 12
Occupational diseases form working environment

 Disease of respiratory  Reproductive disorders


system  Cardiovascular disease
 Musculoskeletal  Hematological disorders
disease  Liver diseases (hepatic
 Skin disease disorders)
 Eye diseases  Hearing loss
 Disease of the
nervous system
1/3/2022 13
Prevention of occupational diseases
• Primary prevention: exposure reduction at
source, path, and worker level eg. Safety
practices, prevention of exposure
• Secondary prevention: early detection through
blood checking (lead concentration, level of
cholestarase, ..)
• Tertiary prevention: occupational medicine.eg
rehabilitation.

1/3/2022 14
Types of prevention and Control Measures

Elimination

Substitution

Increasing preference
Isolation

Segragation

Engineering Controls Including LEV

Administrative Controls

Personal Protective Equipment

1/3/2022 15
1/3/2022 16

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