ACCESS TO DISTANCE LEARNING AMONG SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL LEARNERS OF LOS AMIGOS NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL DURING THE 1ST SEMESTER OF SY: 2021-2022

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty

of the Senior High School Department

Los Amigos National High School

Km 22. Los Amigos , Davao City

In Partial fulfilment

of the Requirements in

Research 2 of 12-Responsibility

by:

Aban,Renilo B., Abucejo,April Kaye G., Alipaopao,Genevieve G., Alo, RoannJhoy

T., BuayaJiannessFing T., Cahiles,Christian Dave A., Dapar, Jetlyn D.,
Delos Santos,Jessa C., Dicdican,Lyka Jane D., Jusay,Judy Ann,
Sandawa,Kenneth A., Separis,Aira L., Sumague,Joan A.,Zamora, Micky.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Review of related literature 3

Conceptual framework 5

Statement of the problem 6

Definition of terms 7

Significance of the study 8

Chapter 2. METHODOLOGY

Research Design 9

Respondents 9

Research Instruments 10

Data Gathering Procedure 10

Secondary Data 10

Data Analysis 11

Chapter 3:RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Socio Demographic Profile of the Respondents 11

Frequences (Grade 11&12) 12

References

Appendices

A (Letters of Permission) 17

B Modified Learners Enrollment & Survey Form 18

C Data Sheet 20

E (Documentation) 22
 CHAPTER 1

Background of the Study

A new coronavirus was discovered due to detection of an unfamiliar

pneumonia in a group of patients in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, initially named

as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO)

on January 2019. the new corona virus recently spread world-wide. the implications

and effects of the pandemic on education are yet to be known, but they will surely be

more challenging for educators and learners in more fragile and unstable contexts.

Most countries in the world experienced an unprecedented total or partial lockdown

which led to the immediate closure of universities and school. As such, teachers and

students had to learn instantly how to adapt to remote teaching. (e.g. Flores and Gago

2020; Nasri et al. 2020; Quezada, Talbot, and Quezada-Parker 2020) the reality

resulting from the COVID-19 crisis raises questions about the nature of teaching and

ways of supporting the learning of students. COVID 19 pandemic affects the sector of

education and it leads to generate the distance learning just to conduct quality

education for the learners all over the world.distance learning and its relationship to

emerging computer technologies have together offered many promises to the field of

education. Despite the need for improvement, the future of distance learning seems

bright. Increasing numbers of students enrolling in distance learning classes

underscore the need for “comprehensive and thoughtful evolution of distance

education if it is to become the educational model of the future” (Harnar, et al., 2018,

pg. 37). Open educational resources or OER have been recognized as a major source

of learning materials for university students. This paper investigates the students’

perception on the usefulness of OER with a focus on comparing the perceived

usefulness between distance-learning students, based on a survey carried out at the

Open The rapid spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has created a disruption in

Indonesia’s education sector as around 45 million students are unable to continue their

learning activity in schools.

The Ministry of Education and Culture (MOEC) and the Ministry of Religious

Affairs (MORA) need to consider distance learning approaches that are adjusted to

regional characteristics. Distance learning exacerbates barriers of vulnerable students

to access education, so diversification of the delivery medium beyond the Internet

should be considered. Options may include radio programs or postal services for

regions with low connectivity.

Local governments need to take on a more active role in aiding the schools than

initiatives by the central government. In addition to using existing School Operational

Assistance (BantuanOperasionalSekolah/BOS) funds, local education authorities need

to provide schools with further financial support and technical assistance, such as

access to recording studios and equipment, to accelerate their adoption of distance

learning. Such assistance should not neglect private community schools. University of

Hong Kong in the academic year 2017–18. It is found that distance-learning students

generally consider OER useful for learning purposes, especially for using the

resources to supplement the existing course materials and to get more resources for

doing assignments and projects. On different types of OER, while more distance-

learning students also consider open online cThe rapid spread of the Covid-19

pandemic has created a disruption in Indonesia’s education sector as around 45

million students are unable to continue their learning activity in schools.

Based on the present facts, this study will be conducted to the Senior High School

learners of Los Amigos National High School access distance learning this time of

pandemic.

Review of Related Literature

Distance Education

Isaac Pitman , a British is attributed to pioneering the concept of “Distance

Education” He started by teaching shorthand via correspondence in 1840.In American

the distance education began in 1874 at Illinois Wesleyan University where bachelor

and graduate degrees could be obtained without being actually present in the classes

(Verduin & Clark, 1991).

In the late 1800s, at the University of Chicago, the first major correspondence

program in the United States was established in which the teacher and learner were at

different locations. Before that time, particularly in preindustrial Europe, education

had been available primarily to males in higher levels of society. The most effective

form of instruction in those days was to bring students together in one place and one

time to learn from one of the masters. That form of traditional educational remains the

dominant model of learning today. The early efforts of educators like William Rainey

Harper in 1890 to establish alternatives were laughed at. Correspondence study,

which was designed to provide educational opportunities for those who were not

among the elite and who could not afford full-time residence at an educational

institution, was looked down on as inferior education. Many educators regarded

correspondence courses as simply business operations.

Open distance Education (Hence after,00E)typically involves flexible learning

this results according to edwards,Nicoll and Lee(2002;198).More over, the internet

enables individuals to participate in discussions to circulate their ideas and

work,which were previously closed off to many excluded groups and

individuals’(Kellner,0.1999:19).For example,in a blendid strategy more learning may

be taking place directly in the workplace,as opposed to entirely in classrooms.and a

blendid strategy may introduce a higher percentage of self-paced learning,leading to

quicken completion times (Igneri and American Management Association;2005).

According to DepEd traditional face to face is still vital to the development of

children and would address the issue of connectivity and lack of focus and interaction

among learnings. An initial 1,100 schools were nominated by DepEd regional officers

for the conduct of the pilot activity. CHED likewise started inspecting tertiary

institutions that are retrofitting their campuses for the possible conduct of limited face

to face classes.DepEd said classes in elementary and high school would begin on Aug

24, (2020) in compliance with a law that allows the reopening of schools only

between June to August every year.

Types of Distance Learning

Distance Learning. This refers to a learning delivery modality where learning

takes place between the teacher and the learners who are geographically remote from

each other during instruction.This modality has three types: Modular Distance

Learning (MDL), Online Distance Learning (ODL), and TV/Radio-Based Instruction.

Modular Distance Learning is the use of Modules made by teachers with different

tasks and learning activities based from the essential learning competencies.

Online learning is education that takes place over the Internet. It is often referred to as

“elearning” among other terms.

Primarily used as a form of distance learning to teach learners who are unable

to attend face-to-face lessons or who are in remote areas, radio-based instruction

enables them to continue their education despite these challenges

Theoretical Framework

As early as 1968 Manfred Delling,one of the very few distance educators who

consistently relate practice to theory ,wrote"we need distance education theory to

interpret experiences ,to guide systematic research,to develop distance education,to

train the distance educators and finally to elucidate the problems of distance education

in discussions with face to face educators.(BorjeHolnberg ,emeritus professor of the

fern university).

The development of new technologies has promoted an astounding growth in

distance education, both in the number of students enrolling and in the number of

universities adding education at a distance to their curriculum (Garrison, 1990). While

the application of modem technology may glamorize distance education, literature in

the field reveals a conceptually fragmented framework lacking in both theoretical

foundation and programmatic research. Without a strong base in research and theory,

distance education has struggled for recognition by the traditional academic

community. Distance education has been described by some (Garrison, 1990; Hayes,

1990) as no more than a hodgepodge of ideas and practices taken from traditional

classroom settings and imposed on learners who just happen to be separated

physically from an instructor. As distance education struggles to identify appropriate

theoretical frameworks, implementation issues also become important. These issues

involve the learner, the instructor, and the technology. Because of the very nature of

distance education as learner-centered instruction, distance educators must move

ahead to investigate how the learner, the instructor, and the technology collaborate to

generate knowledge.
 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the
respondents according
to:
Gathering of secondary Proposed Action
A.Sex data using enrolment Plan
B. Grade Level forrms

Figure 1

Input Process Output Diagram of the Study

The conceptual framework above shows the process on getting our desire

research topic. Input is where you will write the information of your respondents.

Process is where you will write the procedure on how you can get the information you

needed. Lastly, output is where you will write the outcome of your research/Data

Gathering.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine ways to access distance learning

among the Senior High School Learners in LANHS during this time of pandemic.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of :

1.1 Sex

1.2 Grade level

2 What are the different ways to access distance learning among the Senior High

School Learners in LANHS during this time of pandemic?

3 What is the proposed action plan for the improvement of the distance learning

education at Los Amigos National High School?

Definition Of Terms

The following terms below are defined operationally as to how it will be applied in

this study:

Distance Learning. This term refers to a learning platform use to educate learners

(students) through online (blended learning).

Senior High School Learners. This term refers to the learners who are in secondary

school typically comprising the two highest grades.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study will greatly benefit the following:

Students. This research can serve as a guidance and resource for students conducting

similar studies.

Teachers. This study is beneficial to the teachers because the given data will guide

the teachers to have a deeper understanding and learning about the relationship of

social presence and interaction to distance learning.

School Administrators. The results of the study will provide insights to what system

will be to appropriate to use to lessen or strengthen the factors of household capacity

of technology to access distance learning,which will be productive in creating a

system wherein students and teachers can co-exist harmonically.

Parents. This study will provide insights and guidance on how parents will support

their children to access distance learning.

It gives knowledge for those who benefits from this study,on how the access to the

internet needs to be address in a household when it comes to distance learning.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as a reference that will be used in

conducting how research and will give a background or an overview of the study.

Department Of Education. The result of this study will benefit DepEd in terms of

getting informations about accessing distance learning.

 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter the researchers describe the method and procedure used in the

study. The following are discussed in detail: Research Design, Research Respondents,

Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure and Data Analysis.

Research Design

This study is a Quantitative Descriptive which determines the access to distance

learning among the students at Senior High School of Los Amigos National High

School. This approach requires no manipulation other than that required to administer

the instruments necessary to collect the data desired. This method involves recording,

analysing and interpreting data gathered through an enrolment survey form.

Respondents

The respondents of this study are three hundred twelve (312) students from

Senior High School of Los Amigos National High School who were enrolled during

the first semester of school year 2021-2022.The respondents were randomly selected

from a total of five hundred ninety-five (595) students enrolled in Los Amigos

National High School.

Research Instrument

The researchers in this study used in Senior High School enrolment survey

form of Los Amigos National High School of S.Y. 2021-2022. The said documents

were chosen by the researchers to determine the level of Access to distance learning

of senior high school.

Data Gathering Procedure

The Following were done in conducting the research study:

1. Seeking Permission to conduct the study - The researchers made a letter address to

the principal of Los Amigos National High School asking permission to conduct the

study, noted by the thesis adviser.

2. Gathering of Secondary Data - The researchers gathered the records/archives and

was tallied, analysed and interpreted. Confidentiality in using the data was observed.

Data Analysis

The following statistical tools were used in the study.

Frequency and Percentage. Will help the researcher to easily tally the data they

gathered. This Percentage will be a big help in the researchers to analyse the data.
 Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter contains detailed presentation and discussion of data analysis and

the results of this study.

Presented in Table 1 below is the demographic profile of the respondents in

terms of Age, Sex, and Grade level of LANHS Senior High Students.

Table 1. Socio–demographic profile of the respondents

Socio Grade 11 Grade 12 Percentage

demographic
profile

Gender f % Grade Grade

11 12
Female 61 62.89% 89
55.97
%

Total 97 159 100% 100%

Follow this format for grade 12 (revise the table)

Table 1 above presents the demographic profile of the respondents. The data

gathered showed a total of ______ grade 11 and grade 12 learners comprising of __%

(f) grade 11 students and of ___% (f) grade 12 students. It revealed that there were

more females enrolled with ____% (f) than males with _____% (f). It was noted that

based on Los Amigos National High School, Senior High School Enrolment data

during the first semester enrolment that female has the highest population than male

in both grade 11 and 12.

Table 2. Frequency Of Senior High School Students On Their Household
Capacity In Accessing Distance Learning

(transfer this table to APPENDICES)

Present a summarized table of results for Table 2. (add ang male and female per
grade level. Start with grade 11)

QUESTIONS G 12 G 11

FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE

D1.

-Parents / Guardians 89 70 61 36

-Grandparents 5 5 4 0

-Extended members of family 2 0 2 0

-Others 2 3 3 1

-None 4 3 2 1

-Able to independent learning 6 6 5 2

D2.

-Cable tv 16 11 11 11

- Non - cable tv 18 19 9 10
-Basic cellphone 35 39 20 13
- Smartphones 79 60 47 37
- Tablets 3 5 6 6
-Radio 16 18 8 5
- Desktop computer 8 6 9 9
- Laptop 9 6 12 3
-None 1 2 4 1
-Other 0 2 1 1

D3.
 -Yes 80 57 54 32

-No (if NO,proceed to D6) 19 21 12 9

D4.

-Own mobile data 65 46 36 22

- Ownbroadband internet 31 25 25 16

(DSL,wirelessfibre,satellite)

- Computer shop 11 11 7 5

- Other places without internet 5 16 6 3

connection

D5.

- Online learning 13 11 6 2
-Television 0 4 1 0

- Modular learning 101 67 67 33

-Combination w/other modalities 5 16 4 7

- Others 6 2 1 2

D6.

Lack of available gadgets 51 32 24 13

Insufficient load/data 33 30 14 13

Unstable mobile / internet 60 35 34 23

Existing health conditions 9 1 2 1

Difficulty in independent learning 18 10 5 3

Conflict w/ other activities 22 12 13 3

High electrical consumption 5 5 0 1

Distractions 20 16 12 11

Others 4 1 1 1
 Presented in Table 2 above is the different ways to access distance learning

among the Senior High School Learners in LANHS during the 1 st semester of SY

2021-2022. The findings showed that majority of the respondents experienced

difficulties that affects them/ their child's self learning. Q1 shows that when it comes

to the capacity of who among the household members can provide instructional

support to the child's (students) distance learning. For grade ______ the results

showed that ___% (f) are parents or guardians followed by ________________ with

___% (f), __________....etc…Additionally, the grade _______ revealed that the

parents and guardians with __% (f) usually provide instructional support followed by

___________. Support your data with literature.

For the devices which are available at home that the students can use for

distance learning, the grade ______ learners mostly use __________ with ____% (f)

followed by_________. On the other hand, the grade _____ learners commonly use

___________ with ____% (f) followed by ____________. Support your data with

literature.

Follow the format and style above for the other questions

12 female students the result shows 16 (cable TV),18 (non-cable TV),35

(basic cellphone),79 (smartphones),3 (tablets),16 (radio),8 (desktop computer),9

(laptop),1 (none) and 0 for others,And for the grade 11 female students the result

shows 11 (cable TV),9 (non-cable TV),20 (basic cellphone),47 (smart phones),6

(tablets),8 (radio),9 (desktop computer),12 (laptop),4 (none) and 1 for (others). For

Male students of grade 12 the result shows 11 (cable TV),19 (non-cable TV),39 (basic

cellphone),60 (smartphones),5 (tablets), 18 (radio),6 (desktop computer),6 (laptop), 2

(none) and 2 for (others), And for grade 11 male students 11 (cable TV),10 (non-cable
TV),13 (basic cellphone),37 (smartphones),6 (tablets),5 (radio),9 (desktop

computer),3 (laptop),1 (none) and 1 for (others). For the third question if it has

internet signal in their area,the results are 80 (Yes) and 19 ( No),as for grade 12

female students.and for the grade 11 female students the results are 54 (yes) and 12

(no). For the grade 12 male students the results are 57 (yes) and 21 (no),and for the

grade 11 male students the results are 32 (yes) and 9 (no). For question number 4 on

how the students connect to the internet, and the results are 36 (own mobile data) 25

own broadband internet) 7. (computer shop) and 6 (other places with internet

connections) as for the grade 11 female students. And for Grade 12 students the

results are 65 own mobile data) 31(own broadband internet) 11 (computer shop) and 5

other places with internet connections. As for the male respondents the results shows

22 own mobile data, 16 own broadband internet, 5 computer shop and 3 other places

with internet connections, as for grade 11 male students and for Grade 12 male

students the results are 46 own mobile data, 25 own broadband internet, 11 computer

shop and 16 other places with internet connections. Among the five options,

Combination of face to face with other modalities, is more preferable by

parents/guardians for the knowledge of their children. Face-to-Face + Synchronous

Conversations + Asynchronous Interactions = Strong Online Learning Environment.

Taking place without the real-time guidance of a teacher. The advantage of blended

courses is that the necessary community building that facilitates group work and

collaboration can happen in a face to face environment, which is much more

conducive to allowing learners to get to know each other on a personal level. Online

learning and Modular alone is not enough and will never be, also the television and

radio, especially for Senior High School Students Grade 11 Male (37.11%) and Grade

11 Female (62.89%), Grade 12 male (44.03%) and Grade 12 Female (55.97%)

overall: (100%), of Los Amigos National High School, some of the students may or

may not know how to self paced learning and understand the lesson all by themselves,

and so face-to-face interaction is needed for them to be able to understand a thing and

ofcourse other modalities would be advantageous and would be a great help. Among

the choices in questions 6, most of the students both in Grade 11 and 12 has different

levels of difficulty when it comes to self learning. There are 51(female) and 32(male)

in grade 12 and 24(female) and 13 male in grade 11 lack of availability in gadgets,

33(female ) and 30 male in grade 12 and 14(female) 13(male) in grade 11 having

difficulty having load/data, 60(female ) and 35(male) in grade 12 and 34(female) and

23(male) in grade 11 struggling with unstable mobile/internet, 9(female ) and 1(male)

in grade 12 and 2(female) and 1(male) in grade 11 having existing health conditions,

18(female ) and 10(male) in grade 12 and 5(female) and 3(male) in grade 11 having

difficulty in independent learning, 22(female ) and 12(male) in grade 12 and

13(female) and 3(male).

Based on the presented data above, it shows that the senior high school

learners have encountered numerous obstacles in accessing distance learning during

this time of pandemic. According to the study of _________ (year) the

___________________.....

With these results, the researchers came up with a proposed action plan for the

improvement of the distance learning education at Los Amigos National High

School.

Give a detailed recommendation

 APPRENDIX A

Letter of Permission
 APPENDIX B

Modified Learner Enrollment And Survey Form

HOUSEHOLD CAPACITY AND ACCESS TO DISTANCE LEARNING

Q1.Who among the household members can provide instructional support to the
child’s distance learning? Choose all that applies.

Parents/Guardians

Elder Siblings

Grandparents

Extended members of the family

Others(tutor,housekeeper)

Able to do independent learning

Q2.What devices are available at home that the learner can use for the learner?
Check all the applies.

Cable Tv Radio

Non–cable Tv Desktop computer

Basic cell phone Laptop

Smartphones Others:__

Tablet

Q3.Is there an internet signal in your area?

Yes

No (if NO,proceed to D6)

Q4.How do you connect to the internet?Choose all that applies.

 Own mobile data

Own broadband internet(DSL,wireless fibre,satellite)

Computer shop

Other places without internet connection

Q5.What distance learning modality/modalities do you prefer for your child ?

choose all the applies.

Online learning Radio

Television Modular learning

Combination of face to face with other modalities

Q6.What are the challenges that may affect your child’s learning process
through distance education?Choose all that applies.

Lack of available gadgets/equipment

Insufficient load/data allowance

Unstable mobile/Internet connection

Existing health conditions

x Difficulty in independent learning

APPENDIX C

Data Sheets
TABLE 3 :FREQUENCY GRADE 11 STUDENTS

D1
FEMALE MALE TOTAL PERCENTAGE

1 61 36 97 62.89%

2 4 0 4 1%

3 2 0 2 1%

4 3 1 4 7.5%

5 2 1 3 6.66%

6 5 2 7 7.14%

D2.

1 11 11 22 2%

2 9 10 19 47.37%

3 20 13 33 60.61%

4 47 37 84 55.95%

5 6 6 12 5%

6 8 5 13 61.54%

7 9 9 18 5%

8 12 3 15 8%

9 4 1 5 8%

10 1 1 2 5%

D3.

1 54 32 87 62.07%
 2 12 9 21 57.14%

D4.

1 36 22 58 62.07%

2 25 16 41 60.91%

3 7 5 12 58.33%

4 6 3 9 6.67%

5 1 0 1 1%

D5.

1 6 2 8 7.5%

2 1 0 1 1%

3 67 33 90 74.44%

4 4 7 11 4%

5 1 2 3 3.33%
D6

1 24 13 37 64.86%

2 14 13 27 57.85%

3 34 23 57 59.65%

4 2 1 3 6.61%

5 5 3 8 6.25%

6 13 3 26 5%

7 0 1 1 0%

8 13 11 24 54.17%

9 1 1 2 5%

FREQUENCY GRADE 12 STUDENTS

D1 FEMALE MALE TOTAL PERCENTAGE

1 89 70 159 55.97%

2 5 5 10 5%

3 2 0 2 1%

4 2 3 5 4%

5 4 3 7 5.71%

6 6 6 12 5%
D2

1 16 11 27 59.26%

2 18 19 37 48.65%

3 35 39 74 47.30%

4 79 60 139 56.83%

5 3 5 8 3.75%

6 16 18 34 47.06%

7 8 6 14 57.14%

8 9 6 15 6%

9 1 2 3 3%

10 0 2 2 0%

D3

1 80 57 137 58.39%

2 19 21 40 47.55%

D4

1 65 46 111 58.56 %

2 31 25 56 55.36%

3 11 11 22 5%

4 15 16 31 48.39%

5 0 6 6 0%
 D5.

1 13 11 24 54.27%

2 0 4 4 0%

3 101 67 168 60.02%

4 5 15 20 2.5%

5 6 2 8 7.5%

D6

1 51 32 83 61.45%

2 33 30 63 52.38%

3 60 35 95 63.16%

4 9 1 10 9%

5 18 10 28 64.29%

6 22 12 34 64.71%

7 5 5 10 5%

8 20 16 36 55.56%

9 4 1 5 8%

APPENDIX D

COMPUTATION OF PERCENTAGE

FORMULA:

TOTAL NUMBER DIVIDED BY FREQUENCY X 100 = PERCENTAGE

 APPENDIX E

DOCUMENTATION

We did videocall to discuss the result of our secondary data gathering, After
discussing, we decided to divide the task and assign every member so everyone can
contribute.
In this part, we the researchers started to write/type down our chapter 3 which is the
results and discussions. And also we write down what we have gathered references
and data.

Some of our members started to compute the data that we had gathered to get the
results and for us to be able to tally them to get the percentage.

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