Name _____________________________________ B

SERIES

Operations
with Number
Student Book
Series B – Operations with Number
Contents
Topic 1 – Addition (pp. 1–24) Date completed

l my own addition chart______________________ / /

l language_________________________________ / /

l counting on strategy________________________ / /

l using number lines__________________________ / /

l word problems_____________________________ / /

l missing addend problems_ ___________________ / /

l doubles__________________________________ / /

l make 10__________________________________ / /

l turnarounds_______________________________ / /

Topic 2 – Subtraction (pp. 25–40)

l language_________________________________ / /

l take away_ _______________________________ / /

l counting back_ ____________________________ / /

l counting on_______________________________ / /

l find the difference__________________________ / /

l relating addition and subtraction______________ / /

l doubles__________________________________ / /

l facts to 10________________________________ / /

l facts to 15________________________________ / /

Series Author:

Rachel Flenley

Copyright ©
Series B – Operations with Number
Contents
Topic 3 – Addition and subtraction (pp. 41–54) Date completed

l fact families_______________________________ / /

l counting on 20–50_________________________ / /

l counting back 20–50_ ______________________ / /

l explore___________________________________ / /

l mixed word problems_ ______________________ / /

Topic 4 – Multiplication (pp. 55–63)

l equal groups______________________________ / /

l groups and arrays__________________________ / /

l meaning of × symbol________________________ / /

l explore___________________________________ / /

Topic 5 – Division (pp. 64–69)

l sharing (partition)__________________________ / /

l remainders________________________________ / /

l grouping (quotition)_________________________ / /

l sharing (quotition)__________________________ / /

Series Author:

Rachel Flenley

Copyright ©
Addition – my own addition chart

As you learn your addition facts, ask your teacher to quiz

you on them. If you can say the answer straight away, they
will put a dot in the answer square.
Colour each square as you master the fact!

+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Operations with Number B 1 1

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – language
1 What are some words or signs we use when we add or talk
about adding?

ether?
ny altog
ma
how

2 Draw the pictures for this story. Add up all the lost
items. Cut it out, staple it together and read your story
to a partner or your teacher. copy

Go Swimming On Monday,1S started their
1S swimming lessons.

Samira lost her goggles and 1 sock.

2 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – language
copy

On Tuesday, Ethan lost his shirt. On Wednesday, Ella lost 1 shoe and
her hat.

On Thursday, Mia lost her jumper On Friday, Callum lost 2 socks and
and 1 shoe. his shorts.

Whoops!

How many things did 1S lose On Saturday, Ms Smith rescued

altogether? everything from the lost property
box.

Oh no! Phew!

Operations with Number B 1 3

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – counting on strategy

Counting on is one way to solve addition number facts.

5 + 1 = ?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 + 1 = 6

1 Use the number track to count on 1 more. Finish the facts.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

a 1 + 1 = b 3 + 1 =

c 4 + 1 = d 2 + 1 =

e 9 + 1 = f 6 + 1 =

g 7 + 1 = h 8 + 1 =

2 Count on. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

2
4 B 1 Operations with Number
SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – counting on strategy

Counting on is most useful when we are adding 1, 2 or 3.

6

6 + 3 = 9

1 Count on. Write the number fact to match.

a 5 b 2

5 + 1 = 2 + =

c 6 d 7

6 + = 7 + =

e 3 f 4

+ = + =

g 5 h 9

+ = + =

Operations with Number B 1 5

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – counting on strategy
1 Draw the extra carriages to match the problems. Complete
the facts.

a 3 + 1 = b 4 + 2 =

c 2 + 3 = d 3 + 3 =

2 Draw the extra flowers. Complete the number facts.

 
 
a 7 + 2 = b 8 + 2 =

 
 
c 5 + 3 = d 6 + 2 =

6 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – counting on strategy

You will need: a partner scissors craft paper

a copy of this page and page 8 copy

What to do:
Cut out the rocket parts and spread them out.
Your job is to build as many rockets as you can by
10
matching 3 parts.
This rocket is ready for blast-off because 10 + = 13.
13
Take turns building your rockets. How many can you get
ready for blast-off? You will have some parts left over.
Check with your teacher if your rockets are ready to go
into space.
Once your rockets have been checked, stick them on black paper.
Add planets and moons. Don’t forget the sun!


11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20

Operations with Number B 1 7

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – counting on strategy
copy


10 9 10 12 13

14 16 15 17 19

8 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – using number lines

Number lines are handy tools to use when adding.

Look at 4 + 2 = ?
We start at 4 and hop 2 spaces.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4 + 2 = 6

1 Hop along the number line and finish the number fact.

a 3 + 1 =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

b 4 + 4 =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

c 2 + 3 =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 The hops are on the line. Write the number fact to match.

a
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 + =

b
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 + =

c
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7 + =

Operations with Number B 1 9

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – using number lines
1 Hop along the number line and finish the number fact.

a 9 + 2 =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

b 8 + 5 =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

c 7 + 7 =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

d 11 + 2 =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

2 Show the story on the number line and as a fact.

a Tahlia had 6 stickers. Her friend gave her 4 more. How many
stickers does she have now?

+ =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

b Mohammed kicked 3 goals on Tuesday and 6 goals on

Wednesday. How many goals did he kick altogether?

+ =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – word problems
1 Draw pictures to match the stories. Write the number facts.

a Millie Monkey has 4 bananas. Mikey Monkey has 3

bananas. How many bananas do they have altogether?

+ =

b Bert Bear has 5 fish. Betty Bear has 3 fish. How many fish
do they have altogether?

+ =

c Scottie Dog has stolen 7 sausages. Cuddly Pup has stolen

8 sausages. How many sausages have they stolen altogether?

+ =

Operations with Number B 1 11

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – missing addend problems

Sometimes we have to solve problems when we know the

answer but we don’t know all of the problem.
Noah had 4 cars.
His gran gave him some more so he now has 7 cars.
How many cars did she give him?
We know he had 4 cars.
We know he ends up with 7 cars.
What we don’t know is how many cars his gran gave him.
One way to find out is to draw or use counters.
We draw 4 cars. Then we can draw more cars to get to 7
cars altogether. We count how many more cars we drew.

4 + 3 = 7

4 3

1 Zoe had 3 fish. She bought some more and now has 5 fish.
How many fish did she buy?
We know she had fish.

We know she ends up with fish.

We need to find out how many fish she bought.

Show your solution and finish the fact.

3 + = 5
12 B 1 Operations with Number
SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – missing addend problems
2 Lily ate 3 cakes before her party.
She ate some more cakes during her party.
By the end of the party, she had eaten 9 cakes altogether.
How many cakes did she eat at the party?
Show your solution and finish the fact.

3 + = 9
3 Aman had some toy dinosaurs.
His dad bought him 5 more.
Now he has 11 dinosaurs.
How many dinosaurs did he have to begin with?
Show your solution and finish the fact.

+ 5 = 11
Operations with Number B 1 13
Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – missing addend problems
1 Solve these problems. You can draw pictures or use counters
to help.

a 2 + = 5 b 3 + = 8

c + 8 = 10 d 6 + = 11

e 3 + = 10 f + 4 = 13

2 The answer is 14. How many different adding facts can you
think of? Here is one to get you started.

13 + 1 = 14

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

14 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – doubles
1 Draw the same number of spots on the empty side. Write the
number fact to match.

a 1+1= b + = c + =

d + = e + = f + =

2 Draw the missing legs. Write the number fact to match.

a + = b + =

d + = e + =

Operations with Number B 1 15

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – doubles

1 These twins show us lots of doubles facts. Here are some.

2+2=4
7 + 7 = 14
Can you find any more? Write them.

16 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – doubles

You will need: a partner scissors

copy
What to do:
Cut out the tens frames. Shuffle them and spread them out, face
down. Take turns turning 2 frames over at a time. If they are a
double and you can say the matching number fact, you keep the
pair. Play until all cards are gone.


What to do next:
Spread the cards out face up.
Race against each other to find doubles.
Once all the cards are taken, take turns
saying your doubles facts.

Operations with Number B 1 17

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – doubles

You will need: a partner 6 counters each 2 dice

What to do: 3 + 3 is 6.
I’ll cover 6.
Take turns rolling
1 die. Double the
number you roll and
say the number fact.
2 Place a counter on
the answer. The first
person to cover all
4 their numbers
blasts-off first!

6
What to do next:
8 Roll 2 dice and add the dots. Work out what
the double of the total will be. You can
use counters to help.
10 Record the number facts you make.

12

18 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – make 10

Knowing the addition facts that make 10 is really handy.

It helps us with trickier adding problems.

1 Practise your addition combinations to 10.

a 0 + 10 = 10 b 1 + = 10 c 2 + = 10

d 3 + = 10 e 4 + = 10 f 5 + = 10

g 6 + = 10 h 7 + = 10 i 8 + = 10

j 9 + = 10 k 10 + = 10

2 You will need 6 different coloured pencils for this activity.

Colour match the balloons that add to ten.

10 6 0 3 7 5

1 8 2 9 5 4

Operations with Number B 1 19

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – make 10

Look at 9 + 5 = ?
We can use the make 10 strategy to solve this.
We place 9 counters. We need to add 5 more.
We put 1 in the first tens frame.
We have made 10.
We need to add 4 more into the other frame.
Now we have 14.
9 + 5 = 14

1 Colour more counters to solve these problems. Fill up the left

tens frame first.

10 in one frame
Colour 3 more
a 9 + 3 =

2 in the other
Colour 4 more
b 9 + 4 = in one frame

in the other

Colour 6 more
c 9 + 6 = in one frame

in the other

20 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – make 10

How do we make 10 when adding on to 8?

8 + 4 = ?
We place 8 counters. We need to add 4 more.
We put 2 in the first tens frame. We have made 10.
We need to add 2 more into the other frame.
Now we have 12.
8 + 4 = 12

2 Colour more counters to solve these problems.

Colour 3 more
a 8 + 3 = in one frame

in the other

Colour 7 more
b 8 + 7 = in one frame

in the other

Colour 6 more
c 8 + 6 = in one frame

in the other

Colour 4 more
d 8 + 4 = in one frame

in the other

Operations with Number B 1 21

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – make 10
1 Colour more counters to solve these.

a 8 + 5 = in one frame

in the other

b 7 + 6 = in one frame

in the other

c 9 + 4 = in one frame

in the other

2 Write the addition facts to match the tens frames.

a + =

b + =

c + =

22 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition – turnarounds

Turnarounds make solving addition problems easier.

2 + 6 = ?
It is quicker to turn this around. We start at 6 and count on 2.

6 + 2 = 8 This is the same as 2 + 6 = 8

1 Use turnarounds to solve these. Write the matching facts.

a b

2 + 5 = 1 + 7 =

5 + 2 = 7 + 1 =
c d

3 + 6 = 3 + 7 =

6 + 3 = + =

e f

2 + 8 = 1 + 6 =

+ = + =

Operations with Number B 1 23

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition – turnarounds

You will need: a partner counters 2 dice

What to do:
Decide who will go first. Roll the 2 dice. Decide which number is
easiest to start with and add the numbers.
Write the fact on the fact wall. Play together until you have
filled all the bricks.

24 B 1 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Subtraction – language

When we subtract, we take away one number or amount

from another.
Luka had 9 . He gave 2 to his brother. He had
7 left.
We write this as 9 − 2 = 7

1 Put a − next to the words you think mean subtract.

subtract − take away find the difference

how many
plus add minus altogether?

2 Is this a subtraction story? Write or tell someone what you

think. Ali had 6 . He gave 3 to his friend. How many
does he have left?

3 Is this a subtraction story? Write or tell someone what you

think. Ali had 6 . His friend gave him 6 more . How
many does he have now?

Operations with Number B 2 25

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction – take away

One way to subtract is to take things away or cross them out

and count how many are left.

6 − 2 = 4
There are 6 milkshakes. 2 milkshakes are sold. 4 are left.

1 Cross out the pictures to match these number facts.

a b
6 − 2 = 4 7 − 6 = 1

c d
4 − 2 = 2 9 − 3 = 6

2 Show these picture stories as number facts.

a b

− = − =

c d

− = − =

26 B 2 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Subtraction – take away

You will need: a partner scissors 10 counters

a copy of this page and page 28 copy

What to do:
Cut out the subtraction stories and the number facts. Put the
subtraction stories in a pile and turn them face down. Spread out
the number facts. Player 1, take a story and find the number fact
that matches and solves your story. Tell the story to your partner
and show it with counters. Player 2, take your turn. Play until all
the stories have been told.

Chloe had 8 cakes.

Her brother ate 4.
She had 4 left.

Mia had 6 . Jack had 10 .

4 flew away. How 3 popped. How many

many did she have left? did he have left?

Operations with Number B 2 27

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction – take away
copy

9 mums and dads came on
7 were on the .
the class .
6 went to the . 4 got scared and had to
go .
How many stayed on
How many mums and dads
the ? stayed?

Nadia borrowed 5 .
Dad cooked 8 for lunch.
She read 2 and gave
2 were left. How many
them back. How many
were eaten?
does she still have?

6−4=2 10 − 3 = 7

7−6=1 9−4=5

5−2=3 8−6=2
28 B 2 Operations with Number
SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Subtraction – counting back

Another way to subtract is to count back. Number lines can

help us do this as counting backwards can be tricky!
8 − 3 = ?

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

We start at 8 and jump back 3 spaces.

8 − 3 = 5

1 Count back using the number line. Finish the number facts.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

a 5 − 3 = b 9 − 2 =

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

c 4 − 2 = d 10 − 5 =

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

e 7 − 6 = f 10 − 2 =

Remember we count the jumps or spaces, not the numbers!

Operations with Number B 2 29

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction – counting on

Counting on is an addition strategy but it is also a useful

way to solve subtraction problems. We start at the smaller
number and count on to get to the bigger number.
8 − 5 = ?
We start at 5. We count on till we get to 8. 5 6 7 8
We counted on 3 more numbers.
8 − 5 = 3

1 Use the counting on strategy to solve these problems. Start at

the smaller number and count on.

a 5 − 2 = b 8 − 6 =

2 3 4 5 6

I counted on
numbers.
3 more I counted on
numbers.
more

c 7 − 4 = d 10 − 7 =

4 7

I counted on more I counted on more

numbers. numbers.

30 B 2 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Subtraction – counting on
1 Colour the 2 numbers. Jump from one to the other.
How many jumps are there? Finish the fact.

a 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

12 − 7 =

b 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

13 − 9 =

c 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

11 − 8 =

d 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

14 − 11 =

e 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

13 − 9 =

Operations with Number B 2 31

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction – find the difference

When we subtract, we can compare 2 groups or numbers and

ask ourselves, ‘What is the difference? Does one group have
more than the other? Does one group have less than the other?’
Look at these 2 trains. What is the difference?
5 This train has 5 carriages.
___ ___ 3 This train has only 3 carriages.
If they both had 3 carriages, they would be the same.
If they both had 5 carriages, they would be the same.
What is the difference?
The difference is 2 carriages.

1 What is the difference?

a b
__ __ __ __

The difference is The difference is

c d

The difference is The difference is

32 B 2 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Subtraction – find the difference

What if there is no difference?

How do we say or record that?

These shirts both have 3 buttons. There is no difference.

The difference is 0.

1 Draw buttons to show no difference.

a The difference is

b The difference is

2 Draw fish in the bowls. Make one bowl have no difference.

Make the other bowl have a difference of 2.

no difference difference of 2
Operations with Number B 2 33
Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction – find the difference

You will need: 1 partner or more scissors

counters a copy of this page copy

What to do:
Cut out the number cards. Put the grey 10 card face up. Put the
others in a pile face down. Each player draws one card. The person
whose card has the greatest difference from 10 wins a counter.
Play till all the cards are gone. Who has the most counters?


10 9

8 7

6 5

4 3

2 1

0 10
34 B 2 Operations with Number
SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Subtraction – relating addition and subtraction

Addition and subtraction are related. They do up and undo

each other.

You will need: a partner 5 blue counters and 5 red counters

What to do:
a Put out 2 blue counters. Then put out
3 red counters. What addition fact + =
have you have made?

b Now take the 3 red counters away.

How many blue counters are left? What 5 − =
subtraction fact have you have made?

c Put the 3 red counters back. This time,

take away the 2 blue counters. What
subtraction fact have you made? 5 − =

What to do next: I will take away

these 3. My fact is
Use counters to make this addition fact. 7−3=4

3 + 4 = 7
Can you make 2 subtraction facts?

Operations with Number B 2 35

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction – relating addition and subtraction

If we know our addition facts, we can use them to learn our

subtraction facts.
If we know 4 + 3 = 7
we also know 7 − 3 = 4
and 7 − 4 = 3
1 addition fact gives us 2 subtraction facts.

1 Use 2 coloured pencils and colour the boxes to match the

addition fact. Write the matching subtraction facts.

a 5 − 2 =

3 + 2 = 5 5 − 3 =

b 6 − 4 =

4 + 2 = 6 6 − =

c 8 − =

5 + 3 = 8 8 − =

2 Fill in the missing numbers in these facts.

− =

4 + = − =

36 B 2 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Subtraction – relating addition and subtraction

Can we always make 2 subtraction facts from 1 addition fact?

You will need: a partner 5 blue counters and 5 red counters

What to do:
a Put out 2 blue . Then put out
2 red . What addition fact have
+ =
you have made?
b Now take the 2 red away. How
many are left? What subtraction fact − =
have you have made?
c Put the 2 red back. This time, take
away the 2 blue . What subtraction − =
fact have you made?
d What do you notice?

What to do next:
Take turns making these addition facts using red and blue
counters. Ask your partner to make matching subtraction facts
using the same counters. Record them here.

a 1 + 1 = − =

b 3 + 3 = − =

Operations with Number B 2 37

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction – doubles

We can use our addition strategies help us solve subtraction

problems.
Look at 10 − 5 = ?
We know the doubles fact 5 + 5 = 10 so we know that
10 − 5 = 5

1 Cover 1 side of the domino to help solve these subtraction problems.

a 4 − 2 = b 8 − 4 =

c 6 − 3 = d 12 − 6 =

2 Finish and
match the 6 + 6 = 12 6 − 3 =
addition and
subtraction 5 + 5 = 8 − 4 =
doubles
number facts.
3 + 3 = 10 − 5 =

4 + 4 = 12 − 6 =

38 B 2 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Subtraction – facts to 10
1 Bessie Baker baked lots of
and made trays of 10. Marvin
Muncher helped himself to the
trays! Use a strategy of your
choice to find how many
Marvin stole from each tray.
Write the subtraction number fact.

a b

10 − 2 = 8 10 − =

c d

10 − = 10 − =

e f

10 − = 10 − =

g h

10 − = 10 − =

Operations with Number B 2 39

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Subtraction – facts to 15

You will need: a partner a die

copy
What to do:
Cut out the cards below and place them in a pile face down.
Player 1, take a card and roll the die. Using a strategy of your
choice, subtract the number on the die from the number on your
card. Write the number fact in your maths book.
Player 2, have a turn. Play until you both have 10 facts. Ask
your teacher to check your facts. Can you score 10?
10


15 14 13 12 11
10 9 8 7 8
9 10 11 12 13
14 15 10 15 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

40 B 2 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition and subtraction – fact families

Here we have 5 black counters and 3 grey counters.

That’s 8 counters altogether.
What addition and subtraction facts can we make using
3, 5 and 8?

5+3=8 3+5=8 8−3=5 8−5=3

We can make 4 facts. This is called a fact family.

1 Write the fact family.

3 + 2 = 5 2 + = 5 − 2 = 5 − =

4 + = 1 + = 5 − = 5 − =

+ = + = − = − =

2 Use 2 coloured pencils to colour match the facts into 2 families.

4+3=7 7−4=3 7−2=5 7−3=4

2+5=7 3+4=7 5+2=7 7−5=2
Operations with Number B 3 41
Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition and subtraction – fact families
1 This family only uses the numbers 3, 2 and 5. Give each
family member a fact.

3+2=5

2 This family only uses the numbers 4, 2 and 6. Give each

family member a fact.

42 B 3 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition and subtraction – fact families

You will need: scissors tape a sticky note

a copy of page 44

What to do:
Cut out the hexagon house on page 44. Think of 3 numbers
you could make a fact family with or ask your teacher for some.
Write the numbers in the windows and on the door.
Carefully cut the door so it swings open. Tape the sticky note to
the back of the hexagon behind the door. Write the matching
fact family on the note so that when you open the door, you see
your fact family. Decorate your house.

What to do next:
Stick the classes’
houses on to the wall
or onto a road made
from brown paper.
Stand in front of
each house and tell a
partner what the fact 5 3
family will be. Open
the door and check
5+3=8
to see if you are right!
3+5=8
8−5=3
8−3=5

Operations with Number B 3 43

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition and subtraction – fact families
copy

44 B 3 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition and subtraction – counting on 20–50

We can use
number grids to 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
help us count on. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
22 + 1 = 23 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
28 + 10 = 38 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

1 Count on 1 or 2 to finish these number facts.

a 35 + 1 = b 16 + 1 = c 43 + 1 =

d 24 + 2 = e 41 + 2 = f 37 + 2 =

2 Count on 10 to finish these number facts.

a 33 + 10 = b 28 + 10 = c 12 + 10 =

d 14 + 10 = e 32 + 10 = f 17 + 10 =

3 Fill in the gaps. +1 +2 + 10

12 13 14 22
28 30
33 43
40 41
Operations with Number B 3 45
Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition and subtraction – counting back 20–50

We can also use

number grids 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
to help us count 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
back.
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
34 − 1 = 33
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
47 − 10 = 37

1 Count back 1 or 2 to finish these number facts.

a 25 − 1 = b 12 − 1 = c 39 − 1 =

d 23 − 2 = e 36 − 2 = f 44 − 2 =

2 Count back 10 to finish these number facts.

a 50 − 10 = b 35 − 10 = c 22 − 10 =

d 26 − 10 = e 24 − 10 = f 41 − 10 =

3 Fill in the gaps. −1 −2 − 10

23 13
49 47
31 30
20 18
46 B 3 Operations with Number
SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition and subtraction – explore

You will need: a partner scissors counters

copy
What to do:
Cut out the number cards below and put them in a pile face down.
Decide if you are playing an adding or subtracting game and if
you are going to race against each other or take turns.
Take 2 cards and add or subtract the 2 numbers. If you are
subtracting, make sure you start with the bigger number. Record
your fact. Use counters to help if you want. Play until you have
used all the cards. Ask your teacher to check your facts!


0 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9

10 0 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8

9 10 5 6 7
Operations with Number B 3 47
Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition and subtraction – explore

You will need: a partner scissors a pencil

copy
What to do:
Draw dots on the right side to make the dominoes add to 10.
Cut out the cards and write the matching fact and its turnaround
on the back. Put them in a pile with the dots facing up.
Take turns taking a domino card. Without looking at the back,
say the matching fact and turnaround. Check. If you are right,
you keep the card! Play until they are all gone.


48 B 3 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition and subtraction – explore

You will need: 3 partners scissors a pencil

a die copy

What to do:
Cut out and choose a game board each. Take turns rolling a die. If you
can use the number to complete one of your number facts, write it in.
If not, the play moves on. The first person to fill their game board wins.

Player 1 Player 2
+ 3 = 6 + 2 = 5

+ 4 = 10 + 6 = 11

+ 2 = 4 + 1 = 5

− 2 = 4 − 2 = 4

− 1 = 2 7 − = 5

Player 3 Player 4
+ 4 = 8 + 4 = 9

+ 5 = 11 + 3 = 7

+ 5 = 6 + 5 = 6

− 1 = 2 − 3 = 3

8 − = 6 − 1 = 1

Operations with Number B 3 49

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition and subtraction – explore

You will need: a partner 10 counters

What to do:
Player 1, put some of the 10 counters in 1 hand and some in the
other hand. Put both hands behind your back.
Player 2, point to a hand. Player 1 will show you what’s in that
hand and your job is to guess how many counters are in the
other hand.
If you are right, you score a point. Swap roles. The first person
to 5 points, wins.

I see 3.
You have
7 counters in
your other
hand because
3 + 7 = 10

What to do next:
Too easy? Play the game with 15 or 20 counters.

50 B 3 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition and subtraction – explore

You will need: partners a die

a mini packet of Smarties or sultanas each

What to do: Yum!

4 Smarties
Count how many Smarties or for me.
sultanas are in your packet.
Take turns rolling the die.
Subtract that number of
Smarties, then say and write
your number fact. If you are
right, those Smarties are yours
to be eaten!
Play until you get to zero. You must
roll the exact number to finish. Who finishes first?

My number facts:

Operations with Number B 3 51

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition and subtraction – explore
What to do:
Look at the bowling pins. Which pins
could you knock down to score 6?
Find 2 different ways and record them
below. Remember, you can knock down
more than 2 pins!

What to do next:
Find 2 different ways to score 7 and 8.

My facts:

52 B 3 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Addition and subtraction – mixed word problems

Sometimes the tricky part of a word problem is not doing the

fact, but working out whether you need to add or subtract.
We need to think, ‘Does this problem want me to join groups?
Then I know I am adding. Am I comparing groups or taking
a group away? Then I know I am subtracting.’
Looking out for clue words can help too. These are words
like altogether, difference and left. They tell us if we are
adding or subtracting.

1 Work out if the problem is asking you to add or subtract and

write the number fact to match. Circle the clue words.

a Ellie eats 3 . b Thomas had 8 .

Then she eats 4 more. 5 sailed away.
How many does
How many did he
she eat altogether? have left?

= =

c There are 20 . d Bronte has 3 .

6 roll away.
How many are left? Lucy has 9 .
How many teddies do
they have altogether?

= =

Operations with Number B 3 53

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Addition and subtraction – mixed word problems
1 Solve:

a At the start of the day there were 10 .

At the end of the day there were 3 left.
How many were sold?

b Ari planted 6 . Then he planted some more.

Now he has 13 in his garden. How many did he
plant altogether?

c Choose a number between 5 and 20. Write it in

the box. How many addition and or subtraction
facts can you write that include this number?

54 B 3 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Multiplication – equal groups

When we count in groups, the groups must be equal or

the same. Are these groups equal?

3 strawberries 4 strawberries

No, one group has 1 more strawberry. They are not equal.

1 Are these groups equal? If so, draw =. If not, draw ≠ in

the boxes.

a b

c d

2 Draw dots on the right side of the dominoes to make them equal.

a b c

3 Mmmmmm, lollies.
Draw some lollies on
the bags. Make sure
each bag has the
same amount. This
means they are equal.
Operations with Number B 4 55
Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication – equal groups

How many bananas? Let’s look at these equal groups.

2 2 2
There are 3 bunches of .
There are 2 in each bunch.
There are 6 altogether.

1 How many …
a ?

2 bunches of 3 is altogether.

b ?

bags of is altogether.

c ?

plates of is altogether.

d ?

bowl of is altogether.

56 B 4 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Multiplication – equal groups
1 Draw and finish the number facts.
a Draw 3 cupcakes on each plate.

How many cakes?

groups of is altogether.

b Draw 4 faces in each window.

How many faces?

groups of is altogether.

c Draw 2 cats on each mat.

How many cats?

groups of is altogether.

Operations with Number B 4 57

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication – equal groups

You will need: pencils

What to do:
These children are all turning 5 today.

Tom Tia Tim Tara

a Draw the right number of candles on the cakes.

b How many candles are there altogether?

What to do next:
How did you work it out? Explain your strategy to a partner.

58 B 4 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Multiplication – groups and arrays

We can arrange objects into groups or into rows.

This is 2 groups of 4 apples. This is 2 rows of 4 apples.

There are 8 apples altogether. There are still 8 apples

altogether.

1 How many are there?

a b

rows of is groups of is

c d

rows of is groups of is

2 Draw:
a 2 groups of 3 flowers b 2 rows of 3 flowers

How many flowers? How many flowers?

Operations with Number B 4 59

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication – groups and arrays

You will need: pencils counters a partner

What to do:
Work with your partner to find solutions for the following
problems. Use counters or draw pictures to help.
a There are 5 sail boats at sea. Each boat carries 3 sailors.
How many sailors are at sea?

b 1F line up after lunch in pairs. There are 8 sets of pairs.

How many students in 1F?

c 1F have planted a flower garden. They have planted 5 flowers

in each row. There are 15 flowers altogether. How many rows
are there?

60 B 4 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Multiplication – meaning of × symbol

We know that …
+ means add or join − means subtract = means the same as
What does × mean? It means ‘of’.
2 × 5 5 butterflies

We have 2 rows of 5 5 butterflies

2 rows of 5 is 10 altogether. 2 × 5 = 10

1 How many?
a 3 rows of 4 is
× =

b 2 rows of is

× =

c groups of is

× =

2 Draw 3 rows of faces. Put 3 faces in each row.

3 rows of 3 is

3 × 3 =

Operations with Number B 4 61

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication – explore

You will need: a partner counters an eraser

copy
What to do:
Cut out the cards and put them in a pile. Take turns taking a
card. Make the fact with counters, then write the answer in the
box. Ask your partner to check. If it’s right, you keep the card.
If it’s wrong, rub out your answer and put the card on the
bottom of the pile. Play until all the cards are gone.


6 rows of 2 3 rows of 3 2 rows of 4

6 × 2 = 3 × 3= 2 × 4=

4 rows of 3 1 row of 7 2 rows of 5

4 × 3= 1 × 7= 2 × 5=

2 rows of 8 3 rows of 2 5 rows of 1

2 × 8= 3 × 2= 5 × 1=

1 row of 5 4 rows of 2 2 rows of 2

1 × 5= 4 × 2= 2 × 2=

62 B 4 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Multiplication – explore

You will need: a partner 2 dice cubes sticky notes

What to do:
You are about to build towers. One of you will roll for the
number of towers, one of you will roll for the number of
cubes in the tower. Decide who does what.
Roll both dice, then build
the matching towers.
On a sticky note,
write the matching
fact and put it in
front of the towers.
Play until you have
created 5 facts.

What to do next:
Take turns building a set of towers. Your partner works out what
fact it shows and writes it.

Operations with Number B 4 63

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Division – sharing (partition)

When we share things into groups evenly, every group has

the same number. This means they are equal.
Here are 6 cupcakes. Here are 3 children.

If we share the cakes

out evenly, every child
gets 2 cupcakes. Yum!
We call these fair shares because they are equal.

1 Look at these shares. Are they fair?  the fair shares.

 the ones that are not fair.

a b

c d

2 Draw some flowers in the

pots so that all the pots are
equal. This means they have
the same number of flowers.

64 B 5 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Division – sharing (partition)

You will need: a partner

copy
What to do:
Cut out the bears and honey pots.
Share out the honey pots so that each bear gets a fair share of
the honey pots.
How many does each get?

What to do next:
a Put the back. Hide 4 behind your back.

How many does each get now?

b Put the back. Hide 2 behind your back.

Now you have 2 . How many does each get now?



Operations with Number B 5 65

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Division – sharing (partition)

You will need: a partner counters

What to do:
Use counters or draw pictures to solve these fair share problems.
Show how you solved the problem.

a There are 10 on 5 .

How many are there on each ?

b There are 8 and 4 toy .

How many does each get?

c 6 lay 12 .
How many does each lay?

66 B 5 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Division – remainders

Sometimes we have leftovers when we try to make fair shares.

Here are 8 cupcakes. Here are 3 children.

When we share them out, we can give 2 to each .

The shares are fair.
But we have
2 left over.

1 Use counters or draw pictures to work out whether we can

make fair shares without leftovers.

a Share 5 between 2 . Can we make fair shares?

b 7 go on a . They sit in pairs. Does everyone have

a partner?

Operations with Number B 5 67

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Division – grouping (quotition)

Sometimes, we know how many things we want in a group

but we don’t know how many groups we can make.
Each needs 2 . We have 6 . How many can
we decorate?

We can decorate 3 .

1 Circle groups of 2 feet.

a How many boys?

b How many girls?

c How many birds?

2 D
 raw 24 sets of eyes. Circle groups of 2.

How many ?

68 B 5 Operations with Number

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
Division – sharing (quotition)

You will need: a partner 24 popsticks

What to do:
You are at the zoo. Pretend the popsticks are animal legs and
work out how many animals could be at the zoo. Use all 24
popsticks for each question. Show your solutions.

a How many are at the zoo?

b How many are at the zoo?

c How many are at the zoo?

d How many are at the zoo?

Operations with Number B 5 69

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC