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Learner Activity Sheets

Quarter 4 – Week 3: Projectile Motion
First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writers: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

Regional Level Validators:

Edna E. Trinidad, EdD
Amelita B. Ajoc
Ma. Cristina G. Ballesteros
Christopher Christian S. Braza
Analou T. Demetria
Jomel C. Montero

Division Level Validators:

Jean B. Ramirez
Elvira D. Falcon
Josie G. Gemida
Ivy G. Hontalba
Anni Grace C. Macalalag
Luna C. Munda
Glen B. Pacot
Julie Ann P. Requirme
Stephen Laurence C. Rosales
Jonas F. Saldia
Nanette L. Samson

Management Team:
Marilou B. Dedumo, PhD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel O. Caberte, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Maria Dinah D. Abalos,PhD., CID Chief
Donald D. Orbillos,PhD., LR Manager
Jean B. Ramirez, Science Education Program Supervisor
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 9, Quarter 4, Week 3
PROJECTILE MOTION

Name: ______________________________________ Section: __________

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Investigate the relationship between the angle of release and the height and range
of the projectile (S9FE-Iva-35)

Learning Objectives:

After going through this learning activity sheet, the student shall be able to:

1. describe projectiles launched horizontally and solve a variety of problems

related to this projectile;
2. describe projectiles launched at an angle and solve a variety of problems related
to this projectile;
3. investigate the relationships between the projection angle, the height, the range,
and the time of travel of a projectile; and,
4. apply the concept of projectile motion in playing games or sports.

Time Allotment: 5 hours

Key Concepts:
• A projectile launched horizontally has no initial vix

vertical velocity (vi). Thus, its vertical motion is

identical to that of a dropped object. The
downward velocity (vy) increases uniformly due
to gravity (ay) as shown by the vector arrows (⇣)
of increasing lengths. The horizontal velocity (vx)
is uniform as shown by the identical horizontal
vector arrows (⇢). The velocity vector (v) at each
point is in the direction of motion and thus is
tangent to the path as represented by the solid
arrows ( ).
• The magnitude of acceleration due to gravity is -
9.8 m/s2.Thus, ay = -9.8 m/s2.
x
____________________
• The horizontal displacement or range (x) is the
_____1. Horizontally Launched Projectile
Figure
distance traveled by a projectile launched

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
 horizontally is dependent on the initial horizontal velocity and the time traveled.
• The vertical displacement or height (y) is the height of original position from which
the projectile was launched horizontally.
• The kinematics for a projectile launched horizontally:

Horizontal components of motion Vertical components of motion

x = vix t ay 2
y = viy t + t
vfx = vix 2
vfy = viy + ay t
vfy2 = viy2 + 2ay y
where; where;

x = horizontal displacement or range y = vertical displacement or height

vfx = final horizontal velocity vfy = final vertical velocity
vix = initial horizontal velocity viy = initial vertical velocity
t = time ay = gravity
t = time

• As projectile launched at an angle and moves through the air:

o The horizontal component of velocity (vx) remains constant due to the

absence of horizontal forces.
o The vertical components of velocity vector (vy) is changing.
o An upward positive vertical velocity component that is decreasing in
magnitude until it becomes zero at the top of the trajectory (therefore it no
longer goes up any further). But, because gravity makes it accelerates
downward, (therefore it stays at rest only for an instant) it will start to
descend with an increasing negative vertical velocity until it stopped by
something.
o The horizontal displacement or range (x) is the distance traveled of the
projectile launched at an angle within a given period of time.
o The vertical displacement (y) is the height of where the projectile launched
at an angle stays at rest in the air for an instant before descending. The
time in this instance is half of the total time traveled by the projectile. The
velocity in this instance becomes zero.
Figure 2. Projectile Launched at an Angle.
o The initial velocity (v) of the projectile launched at an angle has both a
horizontal and a vertical component. Horizontal velocity component (vx)
describes the influence of the velocity in displacing the projectile
vy
horizontally. The vertical velocity (vy) describes the influence of the velocity
in displacing the projectile vertically. (Note: In this learning sheet, consider
that vx = vix = vfx)
o Initial horizontal velocity (vix) is equal to the final horizontal velocity (vfx),
since thevxhorizontal velocity of a projectile will always be constant because
there is no horizontal acceleration. While, the magnitude of the initial
vertical velocity (viy) is equal to the final vertical velocity (vfy), but the (vfy)
will take a negative sign since the direction of the motion is downward.

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
 o Since, the motion starts from an angle, finding the magnitude of the initial
velocity can be done using trigonometry.

vy

vx

• The kinematics for projectile launched at an angle:

Horizontal components of motion Vertical components of motion

x = vix t ay 2
y = viy t + t
vfx = vix 2
vfy = viy + ay t
vfy2 = viy2 + 2ay y
where; where;

x = horizontal displacement or range y = vertical displacement or height

vfx = final horizontal velocity
vix = initial horizontal velocity vfy = final vertical velocity
t = time viy = initial vertical velocity
ay = gravity
t = time

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
Activity 1. Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Objective: Describe projectiles launched horizontally and solve a variety of problems
related to this projectile.
What you need: pen and paper
What to do:
Part A.
1.) Complete the diagram below by supplementing the appropriate symbols used in
determining the components of the projectile. Symbols are in the box.

Figure 3. Horizontally Launched Projectile Diagram

2.) Give the correct term of the component for each symbol in the table and describe each.

Symbol Name/Term Description

v
vx
vy
y
x
t
ay

Guide Questions:

1. What do the arrows facing downward represent? What have you observed with
the length of these arrows? What does it suggest?
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What do the arrows facing to the right represent? What have you observed
with the length of these arrows? What does it suggest?
__________________________________________________________________________

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
 3. Why does a projectile launched horizontally descend?
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Give an example of a projectile launched horizontally and describe its motion.

___________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric for Activity 1. Guide Question 1-4.

3 2 1
Explanations are Explanations are Explanations are
conceptually correct conceptually correct conceptually
and complete. and incomplete. incorrect.

Part B. Problem Solving

Study the sample problem.

A pool ball leaves a 0.60-meter-high table with an initial horizontal velocity of 2.4
m/s. Predict the time required for the pool ball to fall to the ground and the range between
the table’s edge and the ball’s landing location.
Given:
Horizontal Dimension Vertical Dimension
x=? y = -0.60 m (the y magnitude takes a negative sign since
it is below the point of release)
vix = 2.4 m/s viy = 0
ay = -9.8 m/s2
ay
Using the equation y = viy t + t 2 , we will be able to determine the time required for the
2
pool ball to fall to the ground. By substituting the known values, the equation takes the form
of
−9.8 m/s2 2
− 0.60 m = (0) t + t (the first term on the right side becomes zero)
2

-0.60 m = (-4.9 m/s2) t2 (divide both sides by -4.9 m/s2)

-0.60 m = (-4.9 m/s2) t2

-4.9 m/s2 -4.9 m/s2

0.122 s2 = t2 (take the square root of both sides of the equation)

√0.122 s 2 = √t2

t = 0.349 s

following the rules of significant figures when giving the final answer, thus t = 0.35 s.

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
 The time has been determined. The equation x = vix t can be used to determine the
horizontal displacement or range between the edge of the table and the landing location of
the ball.

x = (2.4 m/s) (0.35 s)

x = 0.84 m

Therefore, the pool ball is in the air for 0.35 second and lands a range of 0.84 m from
the edge of the pool table to the landing location of the ball.

Solve This!

1. A soccer ball is kicked horizontally of a 22-meter-high hill and lands 35 meters

from the edge of the hill. Determine the total time traveled and initial horizontal velocity of
the soccer ball.

2. A wooden box is thrown from the top of a 10-meter-high building with an initial
horizontal velocity of 5 m/s. Determine the total time traveled and the range from the edge
of the building to the landing location of the wooden box.

Activity 2. Projectiles Launched at an Angle

Objective: Describe projectiles launched at an angle and solve a variety of problems related
to this projectile.
What you need: pen and paper
What to do:
Part A. Study the diagram below and answer the following questions.

Figure 4. Projectile Launched at an Angle

Guide Questions:

1. What do the arrows facing to the right represent? What have you observed
with the length of these arrows? What does it suggest?
___________________________________________________________________________

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
 2. What do the arrows facing upward represent? What have you observed with
the length of these arrows? What does it suggest?
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What do the arrows facing downward represent? What have you observed with
the length of these arrows? What does it suggest?
___________________________________________________________________________

4. What happens to the velocity of a projectile when it reaches the maximum

height? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________

5. Describe the trajectory of the projectile. Why does it have such path?
_____________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric for Activity 2. Guide Questions 1-5.

3 2 1
Explanations are Explanations are Explanations are
conceptually correct conceptually correct conceptually
and complete. and incomplete. incorrect.

Part B. Problem Solving

Study the problem.

A football is kicked with an initial velocity of 25 m/s at an angle of 45° with the
horizontal. Determine the time of flight, the horizontal displacement, and the height reached
of the football.
With the given initial velocity of 25 m/s, let’s solve for the initial horizontal velocity and
the initial vertical velocity using trigonometry.

Initial Horizontal Velocity: Initial Vertical Velocity:

vix = vi cos 𝜽 viy = vi sin 𝜽

vix = 25 m/s (cos 45°) viy = 25 m/s (sin 45°)
√2 √ 2
vix = 25m/s ( ) viy = 25 m/s ( )
2 2
vix = 25 m/s (0.707) viy = 25 m/s (0.707)
It happens
vix = 18 m/s that the vix and viy values are the same as will always be the case when
viy = 18 m/s
the angle is 45°

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
Given:
Horizontal Dimension Vertical Dimension
v = 25 m/s v = 25 m/s
x=? y=?
vix = 18 m/s viy = 18m/s
vfx = 18 m/s vfy = -18 m/s
ay = -9.8 m/s2
t=?
By using the equation vfy = viy + ay t, the time of flight of the projectile can be determined.
Substitute the known values to the equation,

-18 m/s = 18 m/s + (-9.8 m/s2) t (subtract 18 m/s both sides of the equation)

-36 m/s = (-9.8 m/s2) t (divide both sides by -9.8 m/s2)

t = 3.67 s

following the rules of significant figures when giving the final answer, thus t = 3.7 s

The time has been determined, we can now use the equation x = vixt to determine the
range of the projectile from where it was launched to the landing location. Substitute the
known values to the equation,

x = (18 m/s)(3.7 s)

x = 66.6 m (the range is 66.6 m)

For the last problem, let’s determine the height of the projectile at its peak. Remember,
that the height can be determined at the moment when the projectile stops in the air before
falling to the ground. The time at this instance is half of the total time of flight of the projectile,
thus the half of the total time 3.7 seconds is 1.85 seconds. Substitute the known values to the
ay
equation y = v iy t + t2 ,
2

−9.8 m/s2
y = (18 m/s)(1.85 s) + (1.85 s)2
2
y = 33.3 m + (-4.9 m/s2)(3.4225 s2)
y = 33.3 m + (- 16.77025 m)
y = -16.52975 m
y = -17 m

Therefore, the football was able to reach the highest peak of 17 meters and it reached
a range of 66.8 meters within 3.7 seconds.

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
Solve This!

1. A ball is kicked from the ground with an initial velocity of 12 m/s at an angle of
28° above the horizontal. Determine the time of flight, the horizontal distance, and the
height reached by the ball.

2. A rock is launched with an initial velocity of 60 m/s at a certain angle above

horizontal reaching a horizontal distance of 200 meters. Determine the launching angle and
time of flight.

Activity 3. Let’s Investigate!

Objective: Investigate the relationships between the projection angle, the height, the
range, and the time of travel of a projectile.
What you need: pen and paper.
What to do: Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follows.

Figure 5. Sample trajectory of projectiles in certain launching angles. (Source: highcharts.com)

Guide Questions:

1. Which projectile has the longest range? What is the launching angle of this
projectile?
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Which projectiles have the same range? What have you observed with their
angles? What does it suggest?
___________________________________________________________________________

3. At what angle will the projectile have the highest peak? Lowest peak? What
does it suggest?
___________________________________________________________________________

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
 4. At what angle will the projectile have the shortest time of flight? Longest time
of flight? What does it suggest?
___________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric for Activity 3. Guide Questions 1-4.

3 2 1
Explanations are Explanations are Explanations are
conceptually correct conceptually correct conceptually
and complete. and incomplete. incorrect.

Reflection

You learned about projectiles today and your friends want to learn it too in a
fun way. So, you decided to play games with them as you teach them about
projectiles. Which games or sports will you choose as a way to teach your friends
about projectiles? How will you do it?

Rubrics for scoring:

Points Description
Practical application is scientifically explained
3
consistent to the concepts, and has no misconception.
Practical application is scientifically explained
2 consistent to the concepts, but with minimal
misconception.
Practical application is explained consistent to the
1
concepts, but with misconceptions.
0 No discussion.

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
References

Alvarez, Liza A, et.al. 2014. Science - Grade 9. Pasig City: Department of Education.

“Initial Velocity Components.” the Physics Classroom. Accessed March 2, 2021.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/Initial-Velocity-Components

“Non-Horizontally Launched Projectile Problems.” the Physics Classroom. Accessed March

1, 2021. https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/vectors/u3l2f.cfm

“Horizontally Launched Projectile Problems.” the Physics Classroom. Accessed March 1,

2021. https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/Horizontally-
Launched-Projectiles-Problem-Solving

“Projectile Motion.” Fowler, Michael. Fowler’s Physics Applets. Accessed March 5, 2021.
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/Applets/Projectile/projectile.html

“Solutions and Explanations to Projectile Problems.” Physics Problems. Accessed March 6,

2021.http://www.problemsphysics.com/mechanics/projectile/projectile_solution.html#Solu
tion_to_Problem_4

Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales

School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Division: Butuan City
email address: [email protected]
 email address: [email protected]
Division: Butuan City
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales
Activity 1. Part A
Symbol Name/Term Description
v Initial velocity The velocity of an object from its original position.
Initial
vx horizontal The initial velocity of an object in the horizontal dimension.
velocity
Initial vertical
vy The initial velocity of an object in the vertical dimension
velocity
y Height The vertical displacement of an object.
x Range The horizontal displacement of an object.
The duration of the motion from the original position to the
t time
final position.
Acceleration The vertical acceleration of an object due to the force pulling
ay
due to gravity it to the ground.
Guide Questions:
1. Vertical velocity. The length is increasing. Vertical velocity of a projectile is increasing.
2. Horizontal velocity. The length is equal. Horizontal velocity of a projectile is constant.
3. Because of the gravity of the Earth.
4. Marble rolling off a table. When the marble start to roll off a table it has a horizontal
velocity and it will start to fall down in an arc-like trajectory because of the gravity.
Part B.
1. t = 2.1 s ; vix = 17 m/s
2. t = 1.4 s ; x = 7.0 m/s
Answer Key
 email address: [email protected]
Division: Butuan City
School/Station: Taligaman National High School
Author: Stephen Laurence C. Rosales
Activity 2. Part A
Guide Questions
1. Horizontal velocity. The length of the arrows is equal. Horizontal velocity of the projectile is constant.
2. Vertical velocity. The length of the arrows is decreasing. The velocity of a projectile going upward is
decreasing.
3. Vertical velocity. The length of the arrows is increasing. The velocity of a projectile going downward is
increasing.
4. The velocity will become zero. Because the pulling of the gravity made the projectile to stop going upward.
5. The trajectory of the projectile is parabolic. Because of the angle of launching of the projectile.
Part B.
1. t =1.1 s ; x = 12 m ; y = 1.6 m
2. 𝜽 = 16.5° ; t = 3.48 s
Activity 3.
1. Projectile 2. 45°.
2. Projectile 1 and 3. They are complementary angles. Projectiles that are launched with the same
velocity in complementary angles will always have the same range.
3. 60° . 30°. Launching angles is directly proportional to the height a projectile will reach.
4. 30°. 60°. Launching angles is directly proportional to the time of flight of a projectile.
Answer Key